Prevalence of infections with Clostridium difficile on potential pathology groups

AbstractEnterotoxins produced by Clostridium difficile cause a series of biochemical and immunological manifestations in the cascade leading to alteration of the enterocitus cytoskeleton, intestinal inflammation and diarrhea that can greatly impair the patient’s biological status. The genome of the Clostridium difficile bacterium shows a series of evolutionary adaptations that can give it a high degree of resistance or adaptability to many known pharmacological classes. Changing the diversity of intestinal microbiota induced by the use of antibiotics creates a favorable environment from all points of view for Clostridium difficile spore activity. The theme addresses in an original way but related to the epidemiological studies presented in the literature a correlative aspect between the pathological group and the infection with Clostridium difficile. From the data presented, there is a direct correlation between Clostridium difficile infection and the use of antibiotic therapy as a curative or preventive treatment. Gastrointestinal and neurological pathologies, due to the use of curative but also preventive antibiotic therapy, are at increased risk for the installation of Clostridium difficile infection. The study presented may be a first step in raising awareness of the rational use of antibiotics and avoiding non-assisted community antibiotic therapy.

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Mo1287 Older Hospitalized Patients With Ribotype 027 Clostridium difficile Infection and Stool Toxin Have More Intestinal Inflammation and an Increased Risk of Death

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(13)62320-3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 144 (5) ◽

pp. S-627

Author(s):

James H. Boone ◽

Laurie Archbald-Pannone ◽

Robert J. Carman ◽

Christine McCoy ◽

Kimberly N. Wickham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Ribotype 027 ◽

Increased Risk

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Epidemiological Trends in Attempted Suicide in Adolescents and Young Adults Between 1996 and 2004

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.30.3.115 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 115-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stephanie De Munck ◽

Gwendolyn Portzky ◽

Kees Van Heeringen

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

University Hospital ◽

International Studies ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Epidemiological Trends

Background: Notwithstanding the epidemiological studies indicating an increased risk of attempted suicide among adolescents and young adults, there is a scarcity of international studies that examine long-term epidemiological trends in rates and characteristics of this vulnerable group. Aims: This article describes the results of a 9-year monitoring study of suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults referred to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Gent University Hospital (Belgium). Methods: Between January 1996 and December 2004, trends, sociodemographic, and methodrelated characteristics of suicide attempts were assessed by a psychiatrist on data sheets. Results: Attempted suicide rates declined from 1996 to 2001 and then rose until 2004, but did not exceed previous rates. During the 9 years of monitoring, there was a preponderance of female suicide attempters, except for 1997. Rates of attempts and of fatal suicide were negatively correlated. Significantly more males than females deliberately injured themselves. Younger attempters, especially females, significantly more often poisoned themselves with analgesics. In nearly one in five attempts, alcohol was used in combination with other methods, and alcohol intake was more commonly observed in older suicide attempters. Nearly half of the adolescents were identified as repeaters. Conclusions: The results of this study warrant further monitoring of trends and characteristics of young suicide attempters.

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A new biological triangle in cancer: intestinal microbiota, immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibiotics

Clinical & Translational Oncology ◽

10.1007/s12094-021-02659-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jie Zhang ◽

Zhujiang Dai ◽

Cheng Yan ◽

Wenjie Zhang ◽

Daorong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Immune Checkpoint ◽

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Term Survival ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy ◽

Rational Use Of Antibiotics

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many malignant tumors. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can reactivate the anti-tumor activity of immune cells, sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy depends on the complex tumor immune processes. In recent years, numerous researches have demonstrated the role of intestinal microbiota in immunity and metabolism of the tumor microenvironment, as well as the efficacy of immunotherapy. Epidemiological studies have further demonstrated the efficacy of antibiotic therapy on the probability of patients' response to ICIs and predictability of the short-term survival of cancer patients. Disturbance to the intestinal microbiota significantly affects ICIs-mediated immune reconstitution and is considered a possible mechanism underlying the development of adverse effects during antibiotic-based ICIs treatment. Intestinal microbiota, antibiotics, and ICIs have gradually become important considerations for the titer of immunotherapy. In the case of immunotherapy, the rational use of antibiotics and intestinal microbiota is expected to yield a better prognosis for patients with malignant tumors.

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Nationwide Temporal and Geographical Distribution of Tick Populations and Phylogenetic Analysis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in Korea, 2020

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1630

Author(s):

Min-Goo Seo ◽

Byung-Eon Noh ◽

Hak Seon Lee ◽

Tae-Kyu Kim ◽

Bong-Goo Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tick Species ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Amblyomma Testudinarium ◽

High Degree ◽

Severe Fever ◽

Minimum Infection Rate

Since 2010, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has established centers at 16 locations to monitor disease vectors and pathogens. Here, we examined tick populations to understand the geographical and temporal distribution of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) vectors in 2020. From April to November, 63,376 ticks were collected from traps to monitor tick populations, with a trap index of 41.3. Tick incidence varied from April to October, with population peaks observed for nymphs in May, adults in July, and larvae in September. The predominant tick species were Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis spp., H. flava, Ixodes spp., Amblyomma testudinarium, and Ixodes nipponensis. Approximately 50% of the collected ticks were pooled into 2973 groups to detect the rate of SFTSV infection in ticks. The minimum infection rate (MIR) of SFTSV was 0.2%, and Andong had the highest MIR for SFTSV (4.0%). The B3 genotype was the most prevalent (52.2%) followed by B2 (28.6%), B5 (15.9%), B4 (1.6%), and B6 (1.6%). We identified widely distributed tick species and a high degree of diversity in SFTSV strains in ticks from different geographical regions. The results may provide a basis for future epidemiological studies and risk assessments for tick-borne diseases.

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Carbonylated Proteins from the Striatum and Cortex of Pesticide-Treated Mice

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2015/812532 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christina Coughlan ◽

Douglas I. Walker ◽

Kelly M. Lohr ◽

Jason R. Richardson ◽

Laura M. Saba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pesticide Exposure ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽

Synaptic Function ◽

Behavioral Alterations ◽

Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽

Kegg Pathways ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Proteomic Analyses

Epidemiological studies indicate exposures to the herbicide paraquat (PQ) and fungicide maneb (MB) are associated with increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Oxidative stress appears to be a premier mechanism that underlies damage to the nigrostriatal dopamine system in PD and pesticide exposure. Enhanced oxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation and production of reactive aldehydes; therefore, we conducted proteomic analyses to identify carbonylated proteins in the striatum and cortex of pesticide-treated mice in order to elucidate possible mechanisms of toxicity. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated biweekly for 6 weeks with saline, PQ (10 mg/kg), MB (30 mg/kg), or the combination of PQ and MB (PQMB). Treatments resulted in significant behavioral alterations in all treated mice and depleted striatal dopamine in PQMB mice. Distinct differences in 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteins were observed in the striatum and cortex. Proteomic analyses identified carbonylated proteins and peptides from the cortex and striatum, and pathway analyses revealed significant enrichment in a variety of KEGG pathways. Further analysis showed enrichment in proteins of the actin cytoskeleton in treated samples, but not in saline controls. These data indicate that treatment-related effects on cytoskeletal proteins could alter proper synaptic function, thereby resulting in impaired neuronal function and even neurodegeneration.

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Acute small intestinal inflammation results in persistent lymphatic alterations

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00340.2017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 314 (3) ◽

pp. G408-G417 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sonia Rehal ◽

Matthew Stephens ◽

Simon Roizes ◽

Shan Liao ◽

Pierre-Yves von der Weid

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cell ◽

Lymphatic System ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Critical Role ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Acute Ileitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a complex pathophysiology with limited treatments. Structural and functional changes in the intestinal lymphatic system have been associated with the disease, with increased risk of IBD occurrence linked to a history of acute intestinal injury. To examine the potential role of the lymphatic system in inflammation recurrence, we evaluated morphological and functional changes in mouse mucosal and mesenteric lymphatic vessels, and within the mesenteric lymph nodes during acute ileitis caused by a 7-day treatment with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). We monitored whether the changes persisted during a 14-day recovery period and determined their potential consequences on dendritic cell (DC) trafficking between the mucosa and lymphoid tissues. DSS administration was associated with marked lymphatic abnormalities and dysfunctions exemplified by lymphangiectasia and lymphangiogenesis in the ileal mucosa and mesentery, increased mesenteric lymphatic vessel leakage, and lymphadenopathy. Lymphangiogenesis and lymphadenopathy were still evident after recovery from intestinal inflammation and correlated with higher numbers of DCs in mucosal and lymphatic tissues. Specifically, a deficit in CD103+ DCs observed during acute DSS in the lamina propria was reversed and further enhanced during recovery. We concluded that an acute intestinal insult caused alterations of the mesenteric lymphatic system, including lymphangiogenesis, which persisted after resolution of inflammation. These morphological and functional changes could compromise DC function and movement, increasing susceptibility to further gastrointestinal disease. Elucidation of the changes in mesenteric and intestinal lymphatic function should offer key insights for new therapeutic strategies in gastrointestinal disorders such as IBD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lymphatic integrity plays a critical role in small intestinal homeostasis. Acute intestinal insult in a mouse model of acute ileitis causes morphological and functional changes in mesenteric and intestinal lymphatic vessels. While some of the changes significantly regressed during inflammation resolution, others persisted, including lymphangiogenesis and altered dendritic cell function and movement, potentially increasing susceptibility to the recurrence of gastrointestinal inflammation.

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Clinical and genetic analysis of KATP variants with heart failure risk in patients with decreased serum ApoA-I levels

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab336 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Liu ◽

Yanxian Lai ◽

Jingxian Pei ◽

Huiling Huang ◽

Junfang Zhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Potassium Channels ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Channel Coupling ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Degree ◽

Generation Sequencing

Abstract Context Lower serum concentration of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is causally associated with heart failure (HF) risk. ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), as a gating channel coupling vascular reactivity and metabolism with ischemic protection, become a new potential target of management for HF. The KATP gene sequence is highly polymorphic and high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Objective To determine whether ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) variants predict the risks of decreased ApoA-I concentration and its related HF. Design, Patients, Settings A total of 634 subjects, including 317 subjects with decreased ApoA-I concentration (< 120 mg/dL) and 317 counterpart subjects (≥ 120 mg/dL), were retrospectively selected. Methods 5 KATP variants were genotyped through MassARRAY platform. The exosome-derived microRNAs (exo-miRs) expression profiles were identified by next-generation sequencing, and the top 10 DE exo-miRs were verified using qPCR in a validation cohort of 240 subjects with decreased ApoA-I concentration. Results KATP rs141294036 was related to increased risk of lower ApoA-I levels (adjusted OR=1.95, P=0.002) and HF incidence (adjusted OR=2.38, P=0.009), especially HFpEF (adjusted OR=2.13, P=0.015). After median 48.6-months follow-up, participants carrying CC genotype of rs141294036 was associated with elevated HF re-hospitalization risk (adjusted HR=1.91, P=0.005). 36 exo-miRs were significantly differentially expressed between different genotypes of rs141294036 in subjects with lower ApoA-I levels, but only 5 exo-miRs (miR-31-5p, miR-126-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-378i and miR-181c-5p) were further confirmed. Conclusions The KATP rs141294036 was associated with increased risks of lower ApoA-I levels, HF incidence (especially HFpEF) and HF re-hospitalization, involving in those 5 confirmed exo-miRs and its related metabolic pathways.

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The Emerging Role of Metformin in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Game Changer for Management of Colorectal Cancer

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399818666211105125129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Moein Ala

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

Advanced Adenoma ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Cytotoxicity Activity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Patients With Diabetes

: Metformin is an old, inexpensive and relatively safe anti-diabetic medication which can decrease the increased risk of several types of cancer in patients with diabetes. Recent meta-analyses revealed that metformin markedly decreased the incidence of colorectal adenoma, advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients with diabetes. Potential mechanisms by which metformin may decrease colorectal cancer risk include its effects on ameliorating intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, suppressing major proliferative pathways, preventing DNA replication, accelerating tumor cells apoptosis, inhibiting intra-tumor angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increasing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages, and enhancing T cell cytotoxicity activity. It was uncovered that metformin can improve overall survival and CRC-specific survival among patients with diabetes and CRC. Interestingly, metformin decreased the incidence of colonic adenoma in patients with acromegaly and reduced the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among patients with diabetes, which can indirectly lower the risk of CRC. Results of phase II clinical trials revealed that metformin can enhance the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapeutic agents, such as 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan on refractory CRC. Furthermore, metformin decreased the risk of new polyps and adenomas in patients without diabetes. Regarding the results of previous preclinical and clinical studies, it is rational to assess the effect of metformin in normoglycemic patients with CRC and expand its clinical application for treating CRC or preventing it in a high-risk population.

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Depressive symptoms in a treated multiple sclerosis cohort

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1191/1352458503ms960oa ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 616-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Scott B Patten ◽

Shanika Fridhandler ◽

Cynthia A Beck ◽

Luanne M Metz

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Interferon Beta ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The University ◽

Depression Ratings

Background: Recent side effect data from clinical trials of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis (MS) have failed to confirm that these medications are associated with an increased risk of depression. However, these studies have used highly selected samples and the results may not be generalizable to real world settings. Methods: C linical data on subjects from southern A lberta who have applied for, or are receiving, public reimbursement for MS treatment are maintained in a database at the University of C algary Multiple Sclerosis C linic. Depression ratings obtained using the C enter for Epidemiological Studies Depression Rating Scale (C ES-D) are included in this database. In the current analysis, these longitudinal data were used to determine whether depressive symptoms were associated with disease-modifying treatments. Results: A t baseline, ratings were available for 163 subjects. Those choosing interferon beta resembled those choosing glatiramer acetate in most respects. During follow-up, no differences were observed in the prevalence or incidence of depression and C ES-D scores were not found to differ between the treatment groups. Conclusions: The failure to identify higher rates of depression both in previous intervention studies and in the current observational study provides confirmation that these drugs are not substantially associated with the occurrence of depression.

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