scholarly journals Effects of dietary supplementation of alfalfa meal and rice bran on growth performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal microbiota in broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
I. Varzaru ◽  
T.D. Panaite ◽  
A.E. Untea
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Caecal Content ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

Abstract The composition of gastrointestinal tract microbiota can be changed by dietary manipulation, to prevent gut health issues and to promote animal performance. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rice bran and alfalfa meal on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in broilers. A total of 252 Cobb 500 broilers, aged 14 days, were randomly assigned into 3 groups: control (CON), 5 % rice bran (RB), 5 % alfalfa meal (AM), and housed in an environment-controlled hall 42 days. Throughout the experimental period, grow performance parameters were monitored and at the end relative weights of internal organs were measured. Samples of intestinal content were collected for bacteriological determinations. Feed intake, daily weight gain and viability were not significantly affected by the dietary supplements. Alfalfa meal and rice bran decreased the populations of Escherichia coli and staphylococci in small intestine content, and Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli and staphylococci in caecal content of broilers. The count of lactobacilli in both small intestine and caecal content registered a significantly increase in experimental groups, compared to CON group. Supplementation of diets with rice bran and alfalfa meal tended to increase the population of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the potential pathogens.

195 Does Feeding a Protease and Probiotic (Bacillus Subtilis) Combination (Syncra® SWI) Result in Improved Growth Performance and Mortality in a Commercial Wean-to-finish Swine Feeding Program?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Trey A Kellner ◽  
Josh Ellingson ◽  
Ana L P de Souza ◽  
Janet C Remus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Combined Feed

Abstract The response to probiotics and enzymes is often documented in research facilities with a high degree of control and via pigs with no insults to health or feed intake. However, in commercial conditions, the response to feed additives promoting advanced gut health and improved digestion must be consistent and defined over a wide range of health statuses, stocking densities, feed intakes, environments, and diet formulations. The objective of this experiment was to determine if a combined feed protease and probiotic system (Syncra® SWI 201, DuPont, Wilmington, DE) would improve growth performance and mortality under commercial conditions. A total of 127,092 pigs (6.0 ± 0.1 kg; PIC 337 sired, Hendersonville, TN) from a sow farm producing porcine reproductive and respiratory virus and rotavirus positive weaned pigs were placed in 53 2,400-head commercial wean-to-finish barns that were alternated to 1 of 2 treatments (a control treatment without Syncra® SWI (SSWI) or with SSWI included at 72.6 g/ton of finished feed from 22.7 kg of BW to harvest) in a rolling allotment over a 12-month period. Pigs were on the experiment for an average of 162 ± 1.0 days (until harvest). Throughout the 12-month experimental period, diets (outside of the SSWI inclusion) could change in order to maximize return over feed costs. Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED (SAS 9.4; Cary, NC) with treatment as the main effect and barn as the experimental unit. Compared to the control, adding SSWI improved mortality by 1.9% and percent grade 1 marketed pigs by 2.2% (P ≤ 0.025). Compared to the control, SSWI did not improve ADG (control = 0.75 vs. SSWI = 0.78 kg) or gain:feed (control = 0.401 vs. SSWI = 0.396). In conclusion, the inclusion of the SSWI combined feed protease and probiotic system can improve mortality and grade 1 marketed pigs, but not growth performance under commercial conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Stocking Density on Growth Performance and the Survival of Golden Mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton) Fry

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Sajed Riar ◽  
Nur- A Raushon ◽  
Sumit Kumer Paul
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Tor Putitora

Growth performance and survival of Tor putitora fry under different stocking densities were evaluated fry rearing system. The experimental period was 10 weeks from 31 December to 10 March 2019. The experiment was carried out in nine earthen ponds of 0.04 ha each under three treatments with three replications.  Thirty days old fry were stocked at the rate of 1.0X105/ha was designated as treatment- 1 (T1), 1.5X105/ha` as treatment- 2 (T2) and 2.0X105/ha as treatment- 3 (T3), respectively. Fry were fed with commercially available nursery feed containing 32% crude protein. It was observed that, lower stocking density showed highest daily weight gain in T1 (growth 0.066 ± 0.006 g/day) compared with higher stocking density in T2 (growth 0.044 ± 0.004 g/day) and T3 (growth 0.024 ± 0.003 g/day), respectively. It is also noticed that, the lower stocking showed the highest survival rate (79.66 ± 4.34 %) than the other two treatments (66.97±3.67 and 54.67± 3.12 %). The values of different water quality parameters were within the optimum ranges for the rearing of carp fry. Water quality parameters did not show significant variations in the experimental ponds under different stocking densities. Among these three stocking densities lower stocking density (T1) showed the best result compare with the other two higher stocking densities.

Performance of broiler chicken fed diets containing mango (Mangifera indica) fruit reject pulp mixed with maize offal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
K. T. Orayaga ◽  
A. C. Okolie ◽  
N. B. Asanka ◽  
S. Idede
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Nutrient Density

A number of alternative feedstuff that are affordable and profitable for use in developing countries for animal feeding have been identified and reported. However, some of these alternative feedstuff have low nutrient density, and some with high nutrient density are difficult to process and or preserve. However, it is reported that two different alternative feedstuff could be mixed to improve the nutrient density of the mixture, and be preserved better at the same time. Mango fruit reject pulp has high energy content but cannot be easily sundried and preserved alone, except a carrier is involved. Four (4) experiments were conducted to determine the proximate composition and energy content of mango fruit reject pulp-maize offal mix meal (MFRP-MO); effects of MFRP-MO on growth performance and economics of productions for starter and finisher broiler chickens, carcass characteristics, internal organs and gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) morphometry of finisher broiler chickens. Mango fruit rejects pulp-maize offal mix meal (MFRP-MO) partially replaced maize at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% respectively to produce diets coded T1 (0%), T2 (20%), T3 (40%), T4 (60%), T5 (80%), and T1(0%). One hundred and eighty (180) day-old Marshall broiler chicks were grouped into five, with each group replicated three times and a replicate contained 12 birds in completely randomized design (CRD); which were exposed to the diets in a feeding trial that lasted for 28 and 49 days for starter and finisher phases respectively. MFRP-MO contained 9.63% CP, 68.38% NFE and 3320. 41kcal/kg ME. Results of mean growth performance parameters for starter and finisher phases declined from 40% and 20% MFRPMO respectively on parameters including final weight, daily weight gain and FCR. Economic indices were better at 80% MFRP-MO mix replacement of maize; the cost per kg weight gain steadily declined. Percentage feed costs were 32.36 to 39.92% and 53.50 to 62.75% for starter and finisher respectively. The dress percent, major carcass cuts and internal organs were not significantly different. With the exception of large intestine length, which was not significantly different (p<0.05), caeca and small intestine varied in opposite directions: small intestine decreased, while caeca increased as MFRP-MO mix increased. It was concluded that 20% replacement of maize by MFRP-MO mix was optimal for both starter and finishing broiler chickens' growth but 60% was more economical and 60% MFRP-MO mix was recommended.

Growth performance of broilers consuming wheat- or barley-based diets with or without enzymes

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 217-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Anjum ◽  
A S Chaudhry ◽  
M R Virk
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Nutritional Needs

Cereal grains, such as wheat, have been regarded as one of the most affordable ingredients to supply dietary energy for fast growing broilers. However, broilers compete with humans for wheat to satisfy their nutritional needs and also they cannot effectively utilise wheat due to the limited ability of their gut enzymes to utilise dietary fibre. The efficiency of wheat utilisation can be increased by adding exogenous enzymes into cereal based diets for these birds (Annison and Choct, 1993). These enzymes can also reduce fermentation in the small intestine and so help maintain the gut health. Therefore, we compared the effect of adding a commercial fibrolytic enzyme to wheat and barley-based diets on the utilisation of either diet by broilers from 0 to 35 days of age.

scholarly journals Feeding a calf starter containing monensin alone or in combination with an oregano, and cobalt blend to Holstein calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Jinsheng Guo ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Gut health is critically important for growing neonatal calves, and nutritional technologies are needed to prevent disease and stress challenges. Previous work feeding monensin (MON) in combination with an oregano, prebiotic, and cobalt-lactate (EOC) blend had demonstrated improved calf gut health and growth performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of calves fed MON and EOC alone or in combination. Eighty (80) newborn Holstein (37) female and (43) male calves were randomly assigned to one of four treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial (MON and EOC). Treatments were: 1) Control: without MON or EOC added to the calf starter (CS); 2) MON: 50.8 mg/kg CS (Elanco, Greenfield, IN); 3) EOC: 44.1 mg/kg CS (Rum-A-Fresh, Ralco Inc. Marshall, MN); 4) MON + EOC: MON and EOC added to CS. Calves were fed colostrum followed by whole milk through weaning at 42 d, while CS was fed ad libitum through the 70-d experimental period. The MON by EOC interaction was found to be nonsignificant (P &gt; 0.41) for growth performance. Calves fed without or with MON demonstrated similar (P &gt; 0.70) body weight (BW; 68.7 and 68.9 kg without and with MON, respectively), while calves fed EOC demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.01) BW (67.3 and 70.4 kg without and with EOC, respectively) compared with calves fed without EOC. Calves fed a CS containing MON were similar (P &gt; 0.47) in average daily gain (ADG; 0.88 and 0.91 kg/d) compared with calves fed without MON; however, feeding calves a CS with EOC increased (P &lt; 0.01) ADG (0.84 and 0.95 kg/d) by 13% through the 70-d experimental period compared with calves not fed EOC. Frame measurements indicated that the greater ADG was due to increased (P &lt; 0.10) frame growth for calves fed essential oils (EO) compared with calves fed without EO. A MON by EOC interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for serum propionate concentration demonstrated calves fed MON + EOC and EOC were greater (P &lt; 0.05) compared with calves fed Control, while calves fed MON were intermediate and different (P &lt; 0.05). Feeding calves a CS with EOC increased (P &lt; 0.04) immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M concentrations compared with calves fed without EOC. A MON by EOC interaction was detected (P &lt; 0.01) for total tract starch digestibility for calves fed EOC or MON + EOC demonstrating greater (P &lt; 0.05) starch digestibilities than Control-fed calves. These data demonstrate that EOC and MON fed in combination was not beneficial for enhancing the growth performance, but that calf growth performance can be improved with EOC compared with MON.

scholarly journals Effect of incorporating rice bran or parboiled rice polish with or without exogenous phytase in the diet on growth of Jinding ducklings

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
Nebash Chandra Pal ◽  
Syed Mohammad Bulbul ◽  
Zannatul Mawa ◽  
Muslah Uddin Ahammad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Biological Performance

A total of 48 straight-run day old ducklings (DOD) of Jinding were fed ad libitum on four (4) iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets (3000 Kcal ME/kg and 22% CP) having 3 replicates each. The diets were formulated using 20% rice bran (RB) or parboiled rice polish (PRP) with or without exogenous phytase (10g/kg). Ducklings were fed up to 28 days of age to observe the effect of RB and PRP based diet on the growth performance. Feeding of PRP based diet with enzyme resulted in increased live weight gain and feed efficiency. There was no difference in feed intake on both diets (p>0.05). However, the formulating cost of PRP based diet was higher than that of RB based diet. Addition of enzyme promoted growth and feed efficiency but did not affect feed intake significantly during the experimental period and increased feed cost. Therefore, it appeared that the biological performance of PRP based diet with or without enzyme was better than that of RB based diet. However, the feed cost was less in RB based diet with or without phytase. Therefore, to formulate low cost diet, RB seemed to be superior over PRP, but for better growth performance PRP can be used in the diet of ducklings. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that the PRP based diets with or without phytase was superior to RB based diets with or without phytase in terms of growth performance, but RB based diet was superior in terms of feed cost. Therefore, it appeared that increased growth performance cannot be a basis of using RB and PRP. Rather, costeffectiveness of feeding ducklings on RB and PRP based diet must be taken into account.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(3): 445-451, December 2015

scholarly journals 203 Feeding a calf starter containing monensin alone or in combination with a blend of essential oils and a proprietary cobalt source to Holstein calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Jinsheng Guo ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Stress Prevention ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Gut health is critical for neonatal calves, and nutritional technologies are needed for disease and stress prevention. Previous work feeding Monensin (MON) in combination with a blend of essential oils and a proprietary cobalt source (EOC) blend had demonstrated improved calf gut health and growth performance. The objective was to evaluate MON and EOC alone or in combination on calf growth performance. Eighty (80) new born Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of four treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial (MON and EOC). Treatments were: 1) Control without MON or EOC added to the calf starter (CS); 2) MON: 50.8 mg/kg CS (Norvikon Biotechnology Co., Hunan, China); 3) EOC: 44.1 mg/kg CS (Rum-A-Fresh, Ralco Inc. Marshall, MN); 4) MON+EOC: MON and EOC added to CS. Calves were fed colostrum followed by whole milk through weaning at 42 d, while CS was fed ad libitum through the 70-d experimental period. The MON by EOC interaction was found to be nonsignificant (P &gt; 0.41) for growth performance. Calves fed without or with MON demonstrated similar (P &gt; 0.70) body weight (BW; 68.7 and 68.9 kg without and with MON, respectively), while calves fed EOC demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.01) BW (67.3 and 70.4 kg without and with EOC, respectively) compared with calves fed without EOC. Calves fed a CS containing MON were similar (P &gt; 0.47) in ADG (0.88 and 0.91 kg/d) compared with calves fed without MON; however, calves fed a CS with EOC increased (P &lt; 0.01) ADG (0.84 and 0.95 kg/d) 13% through the 70 d experimental period compared with calves not fed EOC. These data demonstrate that EOC and MON fed in combination was not beneficial for enhancing growth performance, but that calf growth performance can be improved with EOC compared to MON.

scholarly journals Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, metabonomics and intestinal microbial differences of weaned piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liang ◽  
Shasha Kou ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza ◽  
Sihu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Bacterial Phyla

Abstract Background Weaning stress of piglets causes a huge economic loss to the pig industry. Balance and stability of the intestinal microenvironment is an effective way to reduce the occurance of stress during the weaning process. Clostridium butyricum, as a new microecological preparation, is resistant to high temperature, acid, bile salts and some antibiotics. The aim of present study is to investigate the effects of C. butyricum on the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in weaned piglets. Results There was no statistical significance in the growth performance and the incidence of diarrhoea among the weaned piglets treated with C. butyricum during 0–21 days experimental period. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) and Chao index of the CB group were found to be significantly increased compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Tenericutes were the predominant bacterial phyla in the weaned piglets. A marked increase in the relative abundance of Megasphaera, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, along with a decreased relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 was observed in the CB group, when compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). With the addition of C. butyricum, a total of twenty-two significantly altered metabolites were obtained in the feces of piglets. The integrated pathway analysis by MetaboAnalyst indicated that arginine and proline metabolism; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; and phenylalanine metabolism were the main three altered pathways, based on the topology. Furthermore, Spearman’s analysis revealed some altered gut microbiota genus such as Oscillospira, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Megasphaera, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Prevotella_2, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 were associated with the alterations in the fecal metabolites (P < 0.05), indicating that C. butyricum presented a potential protective impact through gut microbiota. The intestinal metabolites changed by C. butyricum mainly involved the variation of citrulline, dicarboxylic acids, branched-chain amino acid and tryptophan metabolic pathways. Conclusions Overall, this study strengthens the idea that the dietary C. butyricum treatment can significantly alter the intestinal microbiota and metabolite profiles of the weaned piglets, and C. butyricum can offer potential benefits for the gut health.

scholarly journals 130 Young Scholar Presentation: Can exogenous carbohydrase supplementation to higher-fiber diets improve gut function, microbiota, and growth performance of weaned pigs?

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Qingyun Li ◽  
Nicholas K Gabler ◽  
Eric R Burrough ◽  
Crystal L Loving ◽  
Stephan Schmitz-Esser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract There is increasing interest in feeding higher-fiber coproducts to weaned pigs due to their potential benefits on gut function and microbiota. However, young pigs are not efficient at utilizing fibrous coproducts. Exogenous carbohydrases can be used to improve nutrient utilization and growth of pigs fed higher levels of coproducts. Previous results regarding the impact of carbohydrases on performance in pigs have been inconsistent, thus a better understanding of associated mechanisms is needed. Using 460 weaned pigs (6.4 ± 0.1 kg), our first study showed that a carbohydrase enzyme blend (EB) improved ADG of weaned pigs fed higher-fiber diets (with added DDGS and wheat middlings) over a 28-d experimental period (P < 0.05). Pigs fed EB-supplemented diets had lower urinary lactulose:mannitol ratio, decreased plasma IL-8 concentration, and greater ileal CLDN3 (claudin 3) mRNA abundance, compared with those fed diets without EB (P < 0.05). These changes may partly explain the improved growth, providing mode of action evidence for carbohydrase in improving performance of weaned pigs. Carbohydrases may also exert prebiotic effects through release of oligosaccharides from fiber degradation. Thus, carbohydrases and dietary fiber may improve disease resilience of young pigs against bacterial infections, for example, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) induced post-weaning diarrhea. Our second study evaluated the impact of soluble versus insoluble fiber with or without carbohydrases in newly weaned pigs (n = 60; 6.9 ± 0.07 kg) challenged with F18 ETEC. A diet containing a soluble and highly fermentable fiber from sugar beet pulp with added carbohydrases improved (P < 0.05) ADG, tended to increase (P < 0.10) ileal OCLN (occludin) mRNA, increased (P < 0.05) colonic OCLN mRNA, and tended to decrease (P < 0.10) ileal Escherichia-Shigella compared with ETEC-challenged control. Collectively, appropriate use of exogenous carbohydrases in higher-fiber diets (with the right type and amount of enzyme substrate) is promising in improving gut health and growth performance in weaned pigs.

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