scholarly journals Alleviation of nickel toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings by selenium supplementation

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Gajewska ◽  
Daniel Drobik ◽  
Marzena Wielanek ◽  
Joanna Sekulska-Nalewajko ◽  
Jarosław Gocławski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Abstract Hydroponically grown wheat seedlings were treated with 50 μM N i and/or 15 μM Se. After a 7-day culture period, their growth parameters, N i, Se, F e, and M g contents, electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and photochemical activity of photosystem II were determined. Exposure of wheat seedlings to N i alone resulted in reduction in the total shoot and root lengths, by 22% and 50%, respectively. Addition of Se to the N i-containing medium significantly improved the growth of these organs, compared to the seedlings subjected to N i alone. Application of Se decreased the accumulation of N i in shoots and roots and partially alleviated the N i-induced decrease in F e and M g concentations in shoots. Electrolyte leakage increased in response to N i stress, but in shoots it was diminished by Se supplementation. Exposure to N i led to a decrease in chlorophyll a and b contents and enhancement of chlorophyll a/b ratio, but did not influence the concentration of carotenoids. Enrichment of the N i-containing medium with Se significantly increased chlorophyll b content, compared to the seedlings treated with N i alone. Photochemical activity, estimated in terms of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II , decreased in response to N i treatment but was significantly improved by simultaneous addition of Se. Results of our study suggest that alleviation of N i toxicity in wheat seedlings by Se supplementation may be related to limitation of N i uptake.

scholarly journals Silicon Foliar Application Mitigates Salt Stress in Sweet Pepper Plants by Enhancing Water Status, Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Fruit Yield

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A. A. Abdelaal ◽  
Yasser S.A. Mazrou ◽  
Yaser M. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Pepper Plants

Silicon is one of the most significant elements in plants under abiotic stress, so we investigated the role of silicon in alleviation of the detrimental effects of salinity at two concentrations (1500 and 3000 ppm sodium chloride) in sweet pepper plants in two seasons (2018 and 2019). Our results indicated that relative water content, concentrations of chlorophyll a and b, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, number of fruits plant−1, fruit fresh weight plant−1 (g) and fruit yield (ton hectare−1) significantly decreased in salt-stressed sweet pepper plants as compared to control plants. In addition, electrolyte leakage, proline, lipid peroxidation, superoxide (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, soluble sugars, sucrose, and starch content as well as sodium content significantly increased under salinity conditions. Conversely, foliar application of silicon led to improvements in concentrations of chlorophyll a and b and mineral nutrients, water status, and fruit yield of sweet pepper plants. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, levels of superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide were decreased with silicon treatments.

scholarly journals Epiphytic PGPB Bacillus megaterium AFI1 and Paenibacillus nicotianae AFI2 Improve Wheat Growth and Antioxidant Status under Ni Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2334
Author(s):  
Veronika N. Pishchik ◽  
Polina S. Filippova ◽  
Galina V. Mirskaya ◽  
Yuriy V. Khomyakov ◽  
Vitaliy E. Vertebny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wheat Growth

The present study demonstrates the Ni toxicity-ameliorating and growth-promoting abilities of two different bacterial isolates when applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as the host plant. Two bacterial strains tolerant to Ni stress were isolated from wheat seeds and selected based on their ability to improve the germination of wheat plants; they were identified as Bacillus megaterium AFI1 and Paenibacillus nicotianae AFI2. The protective effects of these epiphytic bacteria against Ni stress were studied in model experiments with two wheat cultivars: Ni stress-tolerant Leningradskaya 6 and susceptible Chinese spring. When these isolates were used as the inoculants applied to Ni-treated wheat plants, the growth parameters and the levels of photosynthetic pigments of the two wheat cultivars both under normal and Ni-stress conditions were increased, though B. megaterium AFI1 had a more pronounced ameliorative effect on the Ni contents in plant tissues due to its synthesis of siderophores. Over the 10 days of Ni exposure, the plant growth promotion bacteria (PGPB) significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation (LPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and proline content in the leaves of both wheat cultivars. The PGPB also increased peroxidase (POX) activity and the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in the wheat leaves. It was concluded that B. megaterium AFI1 is an ideal candidate for bioremediation and wheat growth promotion against Ni-induced oxidative stress, as it increases photosynthetic pigment contents, induces the antioxidant defense system, and lowers Ni metal uptake.

scholarly journals Screening of Fe-Deficiency Tolerance in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Through Hydroponic Culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motiar RAHMAN ◽  
Mohammad S. ISLAM ◽  
Ahmad Humayan KABIR ◽  
Syed A. HAIDER ◽  
Nishit K. PAUL
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Screening for Fe deficiency tolerance in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Bangladeshi genotypes (‘BARI-1’, ‘Local variety’, ‘Orca Onamica’, and ‘Prince’) were studied based on different morphological and physiological parameters. Number of leaves, shoot height and weight were significantly reduced in ‘Orca Onamica’ and ‘Prince’, whereas ‘BARI-1’ and ‘Local variety’ did not show prominent decrease in the aforesaid growth parameters under Fe deficiency. Again, ‘Orca Onamica’ and ‘Prince’ showed significantly decreased root length and root biomass under Fe deficiency. In contrast, these parameters were unchangeable in ‘BARI’-1 and ‘Local variety’ in Fe shortage compared to controls. Furthermore, Fe deficiency caused severe decrease in chlorophyll (a and b) and Fe concentrations in leaves of ‘Orca Onamica’ and ‘Prince’ grown on hydroponic culture. In contrast, chlorophyll (a and b) and Fe concentrations were not significantly decreased in ‘BARI-1’ and ‘Local variety’ due to Fe deficiency. Based on these findings, tolerance to Fe deficiency in these okra cultivars can be categorized as: tolerant (‘BARI-1’ and ‘Local’), and sensitive (‘Orca Onamica’ and ‘Prince’). The ranking can be applied in plant breeding program and may have great advantage over conventional methods. This study also demonstrates the effectiveness of hydroponic culture as an efficient method to screen Fe-efficient crop plants.

scholarly journals Seed Priming with Endophytic Bacillus subtilis Modulates Physiological Responses of Two Different Triticum aestivum L. Cultivars under Drought Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Oksana Lastochkina ◽  
Darya Garshina ◽  
Sergey Ivanov ◽  
Ruslan Yuldashev ◽  
Regina Khafizova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Germination And Growth

The protective effects against drought stress of the endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis 10-4 were measured by studying the priming response in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)—Ekada70 (E70) and Salavat Yulaev (SY)—lines, tolerant and susceptible to drought, respectively. B. subtilis 10-4 improved germination and growth parameters under normal conditions in both cultivars with the most pronounced effect observed in cv. E70. Under drought conditions, B. subtilis 10-4 significantly ameliorated the negative impact of stress on germination and growth of cv. E70, but had no protective effect on cv. SY. B. subtilis 10-4 induced an increase in the levels of photosynthetic chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids (Car) in the leaves of cv. E70, both under normal and drought conditions. In cv. SY plants, bacterial inoculation decreased the contents of Chl a, Chl b, and Car under normal conditions, but pigment content were almost recovered under drought stress. B. subtilis 10-4 increased water holding capacity (WHC) of cv. E70 (but did not affect this parameter in cv. SY) and prevented the stress-induced decline in WHC in both cultivars. Notably, B. subtilis 10-4 increased endogenous salicylic acid (SA) concentration in both cultivars, especially in cv. E70. Moreover, B. subtilis 10-4 reduced drought-induced endogenous SA accumulation, which was correlated with the influence of endophyte on growth, indicating a possible involvement of endogenous SA in the implementation of B. subtilis-mediated effects in both cultivars. Overall, B. subtilis 10-4 inoculation was found to increase drought tolerance in seedlings of both cultivars, as evidenced by decreased lipid peroxidation, proline content, and electrolyte leakage from tissues of wheat seedlings primed with B. subtilis 10-4 under drought conditions.

scholarly journals The effect of nanoparticles of biogenic metal oxides on seed germination capability, photosynthetic pigment content, activities of PS II and superoxide dismutase in wheat seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
F. I. Gasimova ◽  
M. A. Khanishova ◽  
K. R. Taghiyeva ◽  
I. V. Azizov
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Aim. The effect of nanoparticles of copper, titanium, iron and aluminum oxides on the germination energy, germination capability, growth and development, the content of photosynthetic pigments, the activity of photosystems and superoxide dismutase of wheat seedlings was studied. Methods. The objects of the research were bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) seedlings. The seeds of the experimental plants were treated with powders of nanoparticles of СuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, Al2O3, and TiO2, then sown in Petri dishes and in the pots with soil. Results. Nanoparticles were found to express various effects: СuO, and Al2O3 decreased the growth of seedlings, whereas TiO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 accelerating the growth of seedlings had a positive effect on the activities of PSII and superoxide dismutase. Conclusions. Nanoparticles of TiO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 had a positive effect on seed germination and accelerated the growth of wheat seedlings. Nanoparticles of ZnO and Fe2O3 also positively influenced on the activity of PS II, and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme-superoxide dismutase also increased. Keywords: wheat, nanoparticles, germination, growth of seedlings, PS II, superoxide dismutase.

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

scholarly journals Remodeling of root morphology by CuO and ZnO nanoparticles: effects on drought tolerance for plants colonized by a beneficial pseudomonad

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Yeol Yang ◽  
Stephanie Doxey ◽  
Joan E. McLean ◽  
David Britt ◽  
Andre Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Induced Tolerance

Formulations that include nanoparticles of CuO and ZnO are being considered for agricultural applications as fertilizers because they act as sources of Cu or Zn. Currently, few studies of the effects of these nanoparticles (NPs) consider the three-way interactions of NPs with the plant plus its microbiome. At doses that produced root shortening by both nanoparticles (NPs), CuO NPs induced the proliferation of elongated root hairs close to the root tip, and ZnO NPs increased lateral root formation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). These responses occurred with roots colonized by a beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6), originally isolated from roots of wheat grown under dryland farming in calcareous soils. The PcO6-induced tolerance to drought stress in wheat seedlings was not impaired by the NPs. Rather, growth of the PcO6-colonized plants with NPs resulted in systemic increases in the expression of genes associated with tolerance to water stress. Increased expression in the shoots of other genes related to metal stress was consistent with higher levels of Cu and Zn in PcO6-colonized shoots grown with the NPs. This work demonstrates that plants grown with CuO or ZnO NPs showed cross-protection from different challenges such as metal stress and drought.

scholarly journals Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavalingayya K. Swamy ◽  
Ravikumar Hosamani ◽  
Malarvizhi Sathasivam ◽  
S. S. Chandrashekhar ◽  
Uday G. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physiological Benefits

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.

scholarly journals Roles of Si and SiNPs in Improving Thermotolerance of Wheat Photosynthetic Machinery via Upregulation of PsbH, PsbB and PsbD Genes Encoding PSII Core Proteins

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Heba Hassan ◽  
Aishah Alatawi ◽  
Awatif Abdulmajeed ◽  
Manal Emam ◽  
Hemmat Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic System ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding

Photosystem II is extremely susceptible to environmental alterations, particularly high temperatures. The maintenance of an efficient photosynthetic system under stress conditions is one of the main issues for plants to attain their required energy. Nowadays, searching for stress alleviators is the main goal for maintaining photosynthetic system productivity and, thereby, crop yield under global climate change. Potassium silicate (K2SiO3, 1.5 mM) and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs, 1.66 mM) were used to mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress (45 °C, 5 h) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. (Shandawelly) seedlings. The results showed that K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs diminished leaf rolling symptoms and electrolyte leakage (EL) of heat-stressed wheat leaves. Furthermore, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PIabs), as well as the photosynthetic pigments and organic solutes including soluble sugars, sucrose, and proline accumulation, were increased in K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs stressed leaves. At the molecular level, RT-PCR analysis showed that K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs treatments stimulated the overexpression of PsbH, PsbB, and PsbD genes. Notably, this investigation indicated that K2SiO3 was more effective in improving wheat thermotolerance compared to SiO2NPs. The application of K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs may be one of the proposed approaches to improve crop growth and productivity to tolerate climatic change.

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