Vitamin E and Selenium Decreased Cortisol in Cattle

AbstractTwenty dairy cows with left abomasal displacement were used to investigate the effects of vitamin E and selenium treatment on blood cortisol in dairy cows stressed by omentopexy. The cows were randomly divided into two groups. Ten hours before surgery 6 g of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (6 mg.kg−1) and 67 mg of natrium selenite (0.1 mg.kg−1) in a volume of 40 ml were administered subcutaneously to 10 cows; the control animals (n = 10) received an equivalent volume of injectable water (40 ml). The injection of vitamin E and selenium produced a rapid rise (P < 0.05) in blood α-tocopherol and selenium concentrations. The serum vitamin E increased several times ten hours after vitamin E and Se injection and raised continuously to the highest average concentration of 21.6 mg.l−1 at hour 24 after the surgery. The highest selenium concentration was seen ten hours after selenium administration with holding the increased concentrations in comparison to initial ones during the whole study. Serum cortisol increased in both groups after surgery. The highest cortisol concentrations were reached at one hour after surgery in the experimental and control group (56.7 ± 28.8 and 65.3 ± 26.1 μg.l−1, respectively). A return to the levels similar to the initial ones was recognized 24 hours after the surgery. The ANOVA revealed a significant effect of vitamin E and selenium injection on serum cortisol (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that abdominal surgery resulted in typical stress changes with a weaker cortisol response to the abdominal surgery in animals treated with vitamin E and selenium.

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Microelement Supplementation in Dairy Cows by Mineral Lick

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200978010029 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

Štěpán Krys ◽

Eva Lokajová ◽

Aleš Podhorský ◽

Leoš Pavlata

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Dry Period ◽

Total Consumption ◽

Zn Concentration ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Mn Concentration ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Mineral Lick

The aim of this experiment was to verify the option of providing microelement supplementation to dairy cows in the dry period through supplemented mineral lick, and then to compare the content of microelements in the blood, colostrum and milk. The experiment was carried out on a farm with Czech Fleckvieh dairy cows. We formed an experimental group (E), supplied with mineral lick ad libitum enhanced with organic forms of microelements (Se, Zn, Cu, Mn) for four to five weeks before parturition and 1 week after parturition. The control group (C) did not receive any mineral lick. The use of mineral lick by cows was very uneven, its total consumption oscillated between 0 to 250 g of lick per animal per day. Lick feeding did not result in evidential increase of concentrations of monitored microelements in the cows’ blood, colostrum and milk. Only a tendency to increased concentrations of Se and Cu in the blood of group E of cows was observed; the average Se concentration increased by 60 μg l-1 (Cu by 9 μmol l-1), whereas in group C, Se increased only by 30 μg l-1 (Cu by 6 μg l-1). The concentration of microelements in colostrum after parturition dropped quickly. Significant drops were determined for Se, Cu and Zn on the first (for Mn on the second) day after parturition. Selenium concentration in the first colostrum was 5 times higher than in milk, Cu concentration 3 times higher, Zn concentration 4 times higher and Mn concentration 1.3 times higher.

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The role of selenium and vitamin E in a Transylvanian enzootic equine recurrent rhabdomyolysis syndrome

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2021.00031 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Csaba Attila Kósa ◽

Krisztina Nagy ◽

Ottó Szenci ◽

Boglárka Baska-Vincze ◽

Emese Andrásofszky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Selenium Deficiency ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Severe Form ◽

Serum Selenium ◽

Muscle Enzymes ◽

Affected Area ◽

Recurrent Rhabdomyolysis

Abstract A severe form of recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis occurs enzootically in a well-defined region of Transylvania, Harghita county. At the highest lying two settlements (more than 800 m above sea level), the prevalence of equine rhabdomyolysis is between 17 and 23%, while in the neighbouring villages in the valley it is less than 2%. The objective of our study was to clarify the role of selenium and vitamin E in the high prevalence of rhabdomyolysis in that region. Soil and hay samples were collected from each area to evaluate mineral content. Ten horses from the non-affected and 20 horses from the affected area were tested for serum selenium, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), muscle enzymes, lactate and electrolytes. Hay samples collected from the affected area had lower selenium content. Horses in the affected regions had significantly lower serum selenium (P = 0.006) and GSH-Px levels than animals living in the non-affected regions. A good correlation between erythrocyte GSH-Px and serum selenium concentration could be demonstrated (r = 0.777, P < 0.001). Serum vitamin E levels were low independently of the origin of the horse. Based on our results, selenium deficiency possibly has a role in the Transylvanian enzootic equine recurrent rhabdomyolysis syndrome.

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Adhesion of Malassezia pachydermatis of different growth type to canine epithelial cells

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/pjvs-2014-0051 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 365-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Florek ◽

J. Król ◽

Z. Staroniewicz ◽

B. Bażanów

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Control Group ◽

Growth Type ◽

Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract This study focuses on the effect of parenteral administration of Selenium (Se) and vitamin E on concentration of Se in plasma and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the blood of dairy cows during peripartal period and their effect on the reduction of clinical mastitis. From a 220 individuals Holstein herd in a two-four lactation-gestation cycle the control group (C), 1st (D1) and 2nd (D2) experimental group were selected. Every group consisted of 15 cows in the last phase of the pregnancy. All cows were fed with the diet containing 0.1 mg of Se per kg/DM. The blood samples from vena jugularis were collected approximately 21 days before calving (control sampling), 3 days, 12 days and 21 days after calving. On the day of control sampling and 12 days before calving in D1 group, cows were injected subcutaneously in the sprescapular region with preparation Selevit inj. a.u.v. at the doses of 48.4 mg/head of Se, and 550 IU/head of α-Tocoferol (α-Toc). In D2 group, cows were injected by the same preparation only on 21th day before calving with the same doses of Se and α-Toc. The increase in the concentration of Se in the plasma and activity GPx in blood in D1 group on the 3rd day and 12th day after calving were determined. Increase in plasmatic concentrations α-Toc on 3rd day after calving and reduction of occurrence of clinical mastitis (13.3%) as compared with control group were found

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α-Tocopherol concentration and stereoisomer composition in plasma and milk from dairy cows fed natural or synthetic vitamin E around calving

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029906001701 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 227-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Guillermo E Meglia ◽

Søren K Jensen ◽

Charlotte Lauridsen ◽

Karin Persson Waller

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Tocopheryl Acetate ◽

Tocopherol Concentration ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Oral Supplementation ◽

Periparturient Period ◽

The Individual

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementing dairy cows with 1000 IU/day of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (SynAc), RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate (NatAc), or RRR-α-tocopherol (NatAlc), from approximately 3 weeks before estimated calving until 2 weeks after calving, on the concentration of α-tocopherol and its stereoisomers (RRR-, RSS-, RRS-, RSR- and the four 2S-forms of α-tocopherol) in blood and milk. An unsupplemented group was included as control. Blood samples were collected at 3, 2 and 1 weeks before estimated calving, at calving, and 3, 7 and 14 days after calving, while milk samples were taken twice within 24 h after calving and at 7 and 14 days in milk. Overall, time and treatment had significant effects on plasma α-tocopherol with higher concentrations in NatAc than in the other groups. In addition, SynAc had higher concentrations than Control, and NatAlc tended to be higher than Control. The lowest plasma concentrations were observed at calving and 3 days after calving. Independent of treatment, the concentration was higher in colostrum than in milk day 7 and 14 after calving. Analyses of the stereoisomer distribution in plasma and milk showed that, irrespective of dietary treatment, RRR-α-tocopherol was the most predominant form, constituting more than 86%, whereas the remaining part of α-tocopherol was made up by the three synthetic 2R isomers, while the 2S isomers only contributed less than 1% of the total α-tocopherol. In control cows and cows supplemented with natural vitamin E, the proportion of RRR-α-tocopherol in plasma and milk constituted more than 98% of the total α-tocopherol. In conclusion, the results indicate that daily oral supplementation of dairy cows with RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate gives the highest blood concentrations of α-tocopherol in the periparturient period. Analyses of the distribution of the individual stereoisomers of α-tocopherol further indicate that the bioavailability of RRR-α-tocopherol relative to synthetic stereoisomers in cattle is considerably higher than officially accepted until now.

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α-Tocopherol in breast milk of women with preterm delivery after a single postpartum oral dose of vitamin E

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516000477 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (8) ◽

pp. 1424-1430 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jeane Franco Pires Medeiros ◽

Karla Danielly da Silva Ribeiro ◽

Mayara Santa Rosa Lima ◽

Renata Alexandra Moreira das Neves ◽

Amanda Cibely Pinheiro Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Tocopheryl Acetate ◽

Control Group ◽

Mature Milk ◽

Tocopherol Concentration

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of maternal vitamin E supplementation on the α-tocopherol concentrations of colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk of women who had given birth prematurely. This longitudinal randomised-controlled trial divided eighty-nine women into two groups: a control group and a supplemented group. Blood and breast milk were collected from all the participants after delivery. Next, each woman in the supplemented group received 400 IU of RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate. Further breast milk samples were collected 24 h after the first collection, as well as 7 and 30 d after delivery. α-Tocopherol concentrations were determined by HPLC. The baseline α-tocopherol concentrations in the maternal serum of the two groups were similar: 1159·8 (sd 292·4) μg/dl (27·0 (SD 6·8) μmol/l) for the control group and 1128·3 (sd 407·2) μg/dl (26·2 (SD 9·5) μmol/l) for the supplemented group. None of the women was vitamin E deficient. Breast milk α-tocopherol concentrations increased by 60 % 24 h after supplementation in the intervention group and did not increase at all in the control group. α-Tocopherol concentration of the transitional milk in the supplemented group was 35 % higher compared with the control group. α-Tocopherol concentrations of the mature milk in both groups were similar. Maternal supplementation with 400 IU of RRR-α-tocopherol increased the vitamin E concentrations of the colostrum and transitional milk, but not of the mature milk. This study presents relevant information for the design of strategies to prevent and combat vitamin E deficiency in the risk group of preterm infants.

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Nano-selenium Supplementation Increases Selenoprotein (Sel) Gene Expression Profiles and Milk Selenium Concentration in Lactating Dairy Cows

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-020-02139-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 199 (1) ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Liqiang Han ◽

Kun Pang ◽

Tong Fu ◽

Clive J. C. Phillips ◽

Tengyun Gao

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Sodium Selenite ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Lactation Performance

AbstractSupplementation with selenium is common for dairy cows, but the importance of selenium source is not clear. This study aimed to compare nano-selenium (Nano-Se) and sodium selenite supplements for dairy cows on lactation performance, milk Se levels and selenoprotein (Sel) gene expression. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups: a control group fed a basal diet plus 0.30 mg Se/kg of DM as sodium selenite or Nano-Se for 30 days. Dry matter intake, milk yield and composition were not affected by dietary Se source (P > 0.05); however, the milk total Se levels and milk glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were higher with Nano-Se supplementation than sodium selenite (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, Nano-Se supplementation significantly increased plasma Se levels and GSH-Px activity, compared with the sodium selenite supplement. The mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 1, 2 and 4; thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3; and selenoproteins W, T, K and F were markedly upregulated (P < 0.05) in the mammary gland of the Nano-Se group. Thus, the source of selenium plays an important role in the antioxidant status and in particular the Sel gene expression in the mammary glands of dairy cows, both being stimulated by nano sources.

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Effects of supplementing mid-lactation dairy cows with seaweed and vitamin E on plasma and milk α-tocopherol and antibody response to immunization

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859615000052 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 153 (5) ◽

pp. 929-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. KIDANE ◽

I. L. NESHEIM ◽

H. J. S. LARSEN ◽

E. THUEN ◽

S. K. JENSEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Antibody Response ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Control Diet ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

The Other ◽

Tocopheryl Acetate ◽

Significant Group ◽

Adaptive Immune

SUMMARYThe objective of the current experiment was to compare the effects of supplementing mid-lactation dairy cows with all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (SyntvE), RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate (NatvE) or seaweed meal (Seaweed) in the presence of a Control group (no supplemental vitamin E or seaweed) on the concentration of α-tocopherol in plasma and milk, and antibody response following immunization. The hypothesis was that supplementation of dairy cows with vitamin E, regardless of its form, would increase plasma and milk α-tocopherol compared to the control diet and this incremental response would be bigger with NatvE than SyntvE. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that vitamin E, regardless of its form, will provide an improved adaptive immune response to immunization than the Control diet, and cows supplemented with Seaweed meal would produce better adaptive immune response following immunization than cows in the Control group. Twenty-four Norwegian Red (NR) dairy cows in their mid-lactation were allocated randomly to the four treatments in a replicated Latin square design. The cows were fed on a basal diet of silage and concentrate on top of which the experimental supplements were provided. Plasma and milk α-tocopherol concentrations were higher in NatvE and SyntvE groups than in the other two groups. The RRR-α-tocopherol stereoisomer was the predominant form (>0·86), in both plasma and milk, whereas the remaining part was largely made up of the other three 2R stereoisomers (RRS, RSR and RSS). In cows fed the Control, Seaweed and NatvE, the proportion of the RRR-α-tocopherol stereoisomer in plasma and milk constituted >0·97 of the total α-tocopherol. Mid-lactation NR dairy cows had higher than adequate levels of plasma α-tocopherol (9·99 mg/l) even when not supplemented with external source of vitamin E, suggesting that with a good quality silage these cows may not be at risk of vitamin E deficiency. Furthermore, the present study shows that dairy cows in mid to late lactation have preferential uptake of RRR stereoisomer of α-tocopherol compared with other stereoisomers. All cows responded well to immunization with different antigens, but there were no significant group effects of the diet on the immune response measured.

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Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Preeclampsia

Journal of Enam Medical College ◽

10.3329/jemc.v1i2.11462 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 56-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rokeya Begum

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Control Group ◽

Medical Complication ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽

Peroxidation Product

Background: Preeclampsia is the most common and major medical complication of pregnancy with a high incidence of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy abnormally increased lipid peroxidation and free radical formation as well as significantly decreased antioxidants production in maternal blood may lead to pathogenesis of preeclampsia. So, we designed this study as little information is known about lipid peroxidation and antioxidant level in preeclampsia.Objectives: To assess the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a lipid peroxidation product and vitamin E (antioxidant) level in women with preeclampsia as well as in normal pregnancy and to compare the values.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 women aged from 25 to 35 years in the department of Biochemistry, Budi Kemuliaan Maternity Hospital (BKMH) in Jakarta during the period April to July 2004. Twenty were normal pregnant women and 20 were preeclamptic patients. For comparison age matched 20 apparently healthy nonpregnant women were included in the study. The study subjects were selected from outpatient department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of BKMH in Jakarta. Serum MDA (lipid peroxidation product) level was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay (TBRAS) method and vitamin E was estimated spectroflurometrically. Data were analyzed by unpaired Students t test between the groups by using SPSS version 12.Results: The mean serum MDA levels were significantly higher in normal pregnancy and also in preeclampsia than that of nonpregnant control group women (p<0.001). Again the serum MDA levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia than that of normal pregnant women (p<0.001). The serum vitamin E levels were significantly lower in preeclampsia and also in normal pregnancy than that of nonpregnant control women (p<0.001). Moreover, the serum vitamin E levels were significantly lower in preeclampsia compared to that of normal pregnancy which was also statistically significant (p<0.001)Conclusion: As in preeclamptic group level of oxidation product is high and antioxidant level is low, it can be assumed that in preeclampsia, serum antioxidants are excessively utilized to counteract the cellular damage mediated by free radicals production and deficient antioxidants as well as increased lipid peroxidations may be the important factors in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i2.11462 J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(2): 56-59

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Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin E and Selenium in Thoroughbred Horses on the Concentration of F2-isoprostanes in the Blood Plasma as a Marker of Lipid Peroxidation

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200877030335 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 335-340

Author(s):

H. Härtlová ◽

R. Rajmon ◽

A. Dörflerová ◽

L. Zita ◽

D. Řehák ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Tocopheryl Acetate ◽

Control Group ◽

Individual Values ◽

Large Variability ◽

Thoroughbred Horses ◽

The Individual ◽

Experimental Group

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of vitamin E and selenium (Se) supplementation on the plasma levels of F2-isoprostanes as a marker of oxidative stress in horses in their training period. Twelve healthy 3-year-old English thoroughbred horses were divided into two groups: control (n = 6) and experimental (n = 6). Feeding rations were adapted to a moderate workload. The horses of the experimental group received supplements of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate E (2 250 mg/day/horse) and of sodium selenite (0.5 mg/day/horse). The plasma concentrations of both antioxidants and F2-isoprostanes were monitored on days 0, 44 and 70. After 70 days of supplementation, the concentrations of selenium in the experimental group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to the beginning of the experiment (mean ± SE: 135.81 ± 10.19 μg l -1 vs. 98.70 ± 10.88 μg l -1), as well as to the control group (day 0: 101.78 ± 11.06 μg l -1, day 70: 108.18 ± 7.77 μg l -1). In the horses of the experimental group, plasma α-tocopherol levels significantly increased from the 44th day of supplementation compared to the beginning of the study as well to the control group (5.23 ± 0.52 mg l -1 vs. 2.45 ± 0.25 mg l -1 or 3.46 ± 0.34 mg l -1, respectively). The plasma concentration of F2-isoprostanes tended to be lower in the experimental group at the end than at the beginning of monitoring (156.8 ± 12.89 pg l -1 vs. 170.3 ± 60.8 pg l -1), although the control group showed the opposite trend (181.2 ± 15.67 pg l -1 vs. 137.0 ± 47.05 pg l -1). Nevertheless, none of these differences were significant because of the large variability of the individual values. It can be stated that supplementation of the diet used with selenium and vitamin E caused a non-significant decrease of F2-isoprostane concentration in the blood plasma only, and a significant increase of plasma concentrations of these antioxidants. The variation of isoprostane levels probably reflected rather the individual responses of the horses' organisms to the training workload.

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