scholarly journals HPLC-ESI-MS and GC-EI-MS Identification and Quantitation of Polyphenolics and Alkaloids in Moroccan Jujube Honeys

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-299
Author(s):  
Farid Khallouki ◽  
Mourad Akdad ◽  
Toufik Bouddine ◽  
Lhoussain Hajji ◽  
Robert W. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Methyl Syringate ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical content of Moroccan Jujube Honey and to establish the principal components of this staple Moroccan food, which contributes health benefit for the local population. Total phytochemical compounds as determined by analytical HPLC-ESI-MS in the honey extracts were 29.39±5.21 mg/kg (range 16.64–42.16) wet weight. The individual phytochemical compounds definitively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS in the Jujube honeys were the alkaloids: (I) 4-hydroxyquinoline glucoside, (II) 4-hydroxyquinoline and (V) kynurenic acid (17.66±0.87 mg/kg), and the phenolic compounds: (III) p-hydroxybenzoic acid, (IV) caffeic acid and (VI) methyl syringate (11.73±0.50 mg/kg). The structures were confirmed by GC-EI-MS apart from 4-hydroxyquinoline-glucoside. The major components were methyl syringate (8.34±2.49 mg/kg), 4-hydroxyquinoline (6.61±3.23 mg/kg) and kynurenic acid (6.56±0.97 mg/kg). The mean content of polyphenolic compounds (11.73±0.50 mg/kg) of Moroccan Jujube honeys compared favorably with those described for six Chinese Jujube honeys (2.49 mg/kg), five commercial Jujube honeys from different countries (0.92 mg/kg) and twelve Jujube honeys from Yemen (25.71 mg/kg). Reference studies did not identify alkaloids as components of Jujube honey, and therefore the phytochemical profile of Moroccan Jujube honey appears to be unique.

Hybrid model for the prediction of municipal solid waste generation in Hangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 781-792
Author(s):  
Zhenying Zhang ◽  
Yuxiang Zhang ◽  
Dazhi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Population Total ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

Accurate prediction of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is necessary for choosing appropriate waste treatment methods and for planning the distribution of disposal facilities. In this study, a hybrid model was established to forecast MSW generation through the combination of the ridge regression and GM(1,N) models. The hybrid model is multivariate and involves total urban population, total retail sales of social consumer goods, per capita consumption expenditure of urban areas, tourism, and college graduation. Compared with the constituent models alone, the hybrid model yields higher accuracy, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of only 2.59%. Through weight allocation and optimal treatment of residuals, the hybrid model also balances the growth trends of the individual models, making the prediction curve smoother. The model coefficients and correlation analysis show that population, economics, and educational factors are influential for waste generation. MSW output in Hangzhou will gradually increase in the future, and is expected to reach 5.12 million tons in 2021. Results can help decision makers to develop the measures and policies of waste management in the future.

scholarly journals Determination of Hg in Farmed and Wild Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) Muscle

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Annibaldi ◽  
Cristina Truzzi ◽  
Oliana Carnevali ◽  
Paolo Pignalosa ◽  
Martina Api ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Thunnus Thynnus ◽  
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mediterranean

Mercury (Hg) is a well-known toxic element, diffused in the environment, especially in the Mediterranean Sea which is rich in cinnabar deposits. Mercury bioaccumulation in fish is of great concern, especially for top-level aquatic predators (e.g., shark, tuna, swordfish) and above all for species of large human consumption and high nutritional value. This work aimed to determine Hg concentrations in farmed and wild Atlantic Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the Mediterranean area in order to evaluate the level of Hg bioaccumulation. selenium (Se) content was also determined, since this element is an antagonist of mercury toxicity. Mercury and Se were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion of the samples. Hg content in farmed tuna was below the legal limit (1 mg/kg, wet weight, w.w.) for all specimens (0.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg), whereas the wild ones had a content over the limit (1.7 ± 0.6 mg/kg); Se concentration was higher in farmed specimens (1.1 ± 0.9 mg/kg) compared to wild ones (0.6 ± 0.3 mg/kg). A safe seafood could show a Se/Hg ratio >1 and a health benefit value (HBVSe) > 0: farmed tuna had higher values than the wild specimens (Se/Hg 5.48 vs. 1.32; HBVSe 11.16 vs. 0.29). These results demonstrate that for Hg, there is a better risk/benefit ratio in farmed T. thynnus. making it safer than wild tuna.

Similarity Between the Action of Pteridines and Tryptophan Metabolites on Lipid Metabolism

Pteridines ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rudzite ◽  
Edite Jurika ◽  
Bernhard Widner ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Anthranilic Acid ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Test System ◽  
Xanthurenic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids has been investigated using samples of rat liver tissue homogenate, Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) containing 0.3% albumin, fatty acid mixture and glycerol. The addition of anthranilic acid (2.2 and 4 nmol/g wet weight), kynurenic acid (4 and 40 nmol/ g wet weight), xanthurenic acid (4 and 40 nmol/g wet weight), picolinic acid (0.2 and 2 nmol/g wet weight) induced an increase of saturated and a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids as well as an eleyation of choksterol concentration in samples used for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. These changes were similar to those observed after addition of kynurenine and neopterin to the same test system, An inverse relationship has been observed after addition of nicotinic acid to samples used for phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. Nicrotinic acid induced .1 decrease of saturated and an increase of unsaturated fatty acids incorporation into phospholipids as well as decrease of cholesterol concentration in samples, These changes were similar to those observed after addition of 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, quinolinic, acid, 5,6],8-tetrahydrobiopterin and its precursors to the same test system used rex phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. In parallel anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid and picolinic acid decrease while nicotinic acid increases membrane fluidity in the studied concentrations.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOLIAR SYMPTOMS AND THE POSSIBLE CAUSE AND ORIGIN OF WHITE PINE NEEDLE BLIGHT

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Linzon
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Needle Blight

Needle blight of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is characterized by an orange-red discoloration of the distal portions of current year needles. At Chalk River, Ontario, 600 seedlings and saplings of white pine were examined repeatedly throughout the 1957 and 1958 growing seasons for the appearance and development of needle blight symptoms. The first of these were faint pinkish spots on the stomata-bearing faces of needles in semimature (about four-week-old) tissue. These developed rapidly into orange-red bands which within a few days spread to the needle tips. Mature tissue was not susceptible to attack, so lesions which developed subsequently were always proximal, on younger tissues derived from basal meristems. Attacks which occurred in the early summer killed only limited areas at the tips of needles, whereas those that occurred when the needles were nearly full-grown involved most of their length. Needle blight incidence was confined to a few major outbreaks during one season and in each of these many trees developed typical symptoms at essentially the same time. Each of these major outbreaks of the disease occurred after 1 or more days of wet weather which was followed suddenly by a continuous sunny period. No microorganisms were isolated from tissues displaying the initial needle blight symptoms.The data with respect to the nature and occurrence of needle blight are believed to suggest that susceptibility to the unfavorable conditions which incite it is inherent in the individual and that differences in response among members of a local population depend on variations in susceptibility, rather than on a varying local predisposition among uniformly susceptible individuals. The blight is initiated in semimature leaf tissues only but then spreads distally throughout adjacent, more mature tissues with a similar pattern of breakdown.

Age-bodyweight relationships to lung growth in the F344 rat as indexed by lung weight measurements

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Tillery ◽  
B. E. Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
F344 Rat ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
F344 Rats ◽  
Lung Lobes

Measurements of the total lung weights and the individual weights of the lung lobes of male F344 rats ranging in age from about 30 days to 140 days or more were made in order to determine how lung growth and the growths of the individual lung lobes relate to bodyweight over the course of maturation of this species. Additionally, in this study we also (1) compared how each lung lobe grows relative to total lung growth, (2) evaluated the ratios of lung dry weight to wet weight and (3) obtained information on the weights of the trachea and extra-hilar main-stem bronchi as the F344 rat matures. The wet weights WLT of the trachea-lung preparations and the pooled lobe weights WPL as functions of rat bodyweight WB could be readily described by the following logarithmic expressions: WLT = 0·596 ln WB - 1·923, r = 0·95; WPL = 0·464 ln WB - 1·566, r = 0·96. Expressed as percentages of the pooled lobe weights, the individual lobes remained at constant values as the animals grew with the exception of the right caudal lobe which decreased between bodyweights of 72 and 96 g; absolute wet weight measurements of the individual lobes indicated that the right cranial, right middle and right intermediate lobes actually decreased in weight between bodyweights of 300 and 385 g. The dry weights of the lobes consistently represented approximately 22% of the wet weights regardless of animal age or bodyweight, and on average the airways represented about 20% of the weights of the intact airway-lung preparations over the course of animal maturation.

Association patterns in three populations of Hector's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus hectori

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bräger
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The South ◽  
Association Patterns ◽  
Weight Index ◽  
Random Distributions ◽  
The Individual

Most delphinids are very social and spend much time in the presence of conspecifics. The proportion of co-occurrences of any two individuals is usually measured by means of association indices. In this study, the "half-weight index" was used to describe the association patterns in three previously unstudied populations of Hector's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus hectori, around the South Island of New Zealand. For inclusion in this analysis individuals were photoidentified repeatedly over a 2-year study period. Only about 1% of the individual associations of dolphin pairs (dyads) tested were found to be significantly different (p less than or equal to 0.01) from random distributions derived from a new constrained Monte Carlo randomisation. The overall association patterns in the two study populations off Kaikoura ( n = 48 individuals) and Moeraki (n = 24) did not differ significantly from what could be expected by chance (p = 0.07 and 0.09, respectively), whereas those in the Jackson Bay population (n = 38) were significantly different from chance (p < 0.0002). Hector's dolphins appear to have a typical fission-fusion society, with many weak associations within the wider envelope of the local population.

scholarly journals THE TRADITIONAL MOLDOVAN DWELLING FROM THE SEC. XVIII-XX FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND SOLUTIONS USED

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Maria-Liliana Marian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual

The article represents a research of the traditional houses from the Republic of Moldova specific to the period XVIII - XX centuries. Life, always conditioned by life, is a major program that, in the vernacular architecture of the Republic of Moldova, plays the role of the function of continuity. The main objectives of this article are to bring in heritage practice, beneficial information, both for the historical monument and for architects, specialists and the general public interested in the future of heritage objects, locally or nationally and how they influence the factors of decision involved. The slow transformations, recorded over the last two thousand years, in which we distinguish evidence of its evolution, are the result of slow transformations, both of techniques and instructional materials, as well as of the specific occupations and way of life sec. XVIII - XX. Starting from the semi-buried dwellings, the surface houses with a single level, constituted the architectural solutions with the widest spread on the whole territory of the country, until the middle of the century. XX. The architecture of traditional residential buildings - plan, size and appearance - were influenced by physical, social, historical, geographical conditions, the natural environment and the specifics of the household. The knowledge of the architecture of the traditional house contributes to the reconstruction of some aspects of the ancient culture, inextricably linked to the problem of the continuity of the local population on these lands. In the architecture of the traditional house, the normative thinking, common at the technical level of the society, is combined with the adaptation to the individual requirements. The lack of this information, especially important for those interested in the fate of the architectural heritage, can cause serious damage to the historical monument, namely the loss of structural elements, functional and stylistic elements, elements of composition, volume and structure. The ambiguities can distort the real value of the monuments and even the loss of the value of architectural heritage, so the historical monument becomes vulnerable in the future.

scholarly journals Touristic Motivation and Lifestyles of Hungarian Domestic Tourists Correlation Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Csilla Kalmár-Rimóczi
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
National Income ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tourism Services

Motivations are closely interwoven with personality theories. According to researchers the object of motivation theory is primarily to describe what is common in people, whereas lifestyle theories highlight the individual differences among people. Tourism travel decisions constitute a special type of consumer decisions in which case the tourist has to make a choice among the personal tourism services on offer according to his/ her individual needs, but still as a segment specific product corresponding to common motivations. Consequently, certain elements of lifestyle and motivation theory appear in touristic decisions as well. Having perused the relevant trade literature, I came to the realisation that there have been very little research done in the area of travel motives in recent years. The examination of the correlation between motivation and lifestyle complemented with model application is a field belonging to applied marketing science which can be regarded as uncharted territory in tourism research. Domestic tourism accounts for a significant portion among the national income sectors. That is why it is of key importance to be aware of the correlation between the habits and needs of the local population and the factors influencing travel decisions. Applying the results of my research I endeavoured to define and model the lifestyle, needs and motivations of domestic tourists as the factors influencing their decisions. With the results of the investigation, I also wished to provide some guidelines for the creation of tourism supply in view of product development and communication. JEL Classification: Z32 tourism and development

scholarly journals Emerging Contaminants in Streams of Doce River Watershed, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes ◽  
Júlio César Moreira Brito ◽  
Fabio Vieira ◽  
Rafael Shinji Akiyama Kitamura ◽  
Philippe Juneau
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Resistance Selection ◽  
Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Doce River

This study investigated the occurrence and risk assessment of ten pharmaceutical products and two herbicides in the water of rivers from the Doce river watershed (Brazil). Of the 12 chemicals studied, ten (acyclovir, amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, fluoxetine, erythromycin, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid) had a 100% detection rate. In general, total concentrations of all target drugs ranged from 4.6 to 14.5 μg L−1, with fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides being the most representative classes of pharmaceutical products. Herbicides were found at concentrations at least ten times higher than those of the individual pharmaceutical products and represented the major class of contaminants in the samples. Most of the contaminants studied were above concentrations that pose an ecotoxicological risk to aquatic biota. Urban wastewater must be the main source of contaminants in waterbodies. Our results show that, in addition to the study of metal in water (currently being conducted after the Fundão dam breach), there is an urgent need to monitor emerging contaminant in waters from Doce river watershed rivers, as some chemicals pose environmental risks to aquatic life and humans due to the use of surface water for drinking and domestic purposes by the local population. Special attention should be given to glyphosate, aminomethylphosaphonic acid, and to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin (whose concentrations are above predicted levels that induce resistance selection).

scholarly journals Effect of Ultrafiltration of Pitaya Extract (Stenocereus thurberi) on Its Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant Capacity, and UPLC-DAD-MS Profile

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Daniela D. Castro-Enríquez ◽  
Beatriz Montaño-Leyva ◽  
Carmen L. Del Toro-Sánchez ◽  
Josué E. Juárez-Onofre ◽  
Elizabeth Carvajal-Millán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Stenocereus Thurberi ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Ultrafiltration Process

Stenocereus thurberi is an endemic species in northwestern Mexico. It produces colorful fruits called pitayas that have an edible pulp. They have phytochemical compounds associated with biological activities. Ultrafiltration is a widely used method for the clarification of fruit juices and the recovery of phytochemicals. However, its effect has not been extensively studied in extracts. Therefore, the objective of this work is to study the effect of the ultrafiltration of pitaya extract (Stenocereus thurberi) on its phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, and identification of phenolic compounds by UPLC-DAD-MS, providing greater knowledge about the pitaya. In this study, two extracts were analyzed, the unclarified extract (UE) and the clarified extract (CE). The antioxidant capacity was higher in the CE with 15.93 ± 0.42 mM TE/g, DPPH and 18.37 ± 0.016 mM TE/g, ABTS. The UPLC-MS analysis indicated the decrease in phenolic compounds in the CE and the presence of gallic acid and resorcinol, compounds that had not been identified in other species of Stenocereus spp. The correlation analysis indicated that all the phytochemicals present in the pitaya contribute significantly to the antioxidant capacity. The ultrafiltration process could be a viable option to improve the biological activity of the natural extracts.

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