scholarly journals The Influence of European Cup Performances on Domestic Stadium Attendances in Romanian Football

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 875-884
Author(s):  
Vlad I. Roșca
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
National League ◽  
European Football ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
To Come ◽  
Game Attendance

Abstract Widespread belief posits that a relationship exists between results obtained in European football competitions and live attendances at domestic league games. As part of the Europeanization process, international tournaments increasingly attract fans’ attention, often at the expense of national competitions, yet research up to date has focused on a wide array of explanatory variables for game attendance (spectator demand), but less on variables concerning how domestic teams perform in Europe. This article aims to fill the research gap by asking whether match attendances in national leagues can be predicted based on the results obtained by the domestic club teams in international competitions. UEFA team coefficients and domestic attendance figures for 74 European cup participations of Romanian teams spread over seventeen years from the 2000/2001 to the 2016/2017 season serve as input data for a regression model with an F-test and a p-value test. The Null Hypothesis instinctually claims no relationship exists between the variables, yet research results invalidate it for the good of the Alternative Hypothesis. The Discussions section presents what effects winning or losing in European cups can have on fans’ motivation to come and watch matches in the national league.

scholarly journals A Critical Evaluation of the FBST ev for Bayesian Hypothesis Testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ly ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bayesian Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Absence Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Of Absence ◽  
Foregone Conclusion

he “Full Bayesian Significance Test e-value”, henceforth FBST ev, has received increasing attention across a range of disciplines including psychology. We show that the FBST ev leads to four problems: (1) the FBST ev cannot quantify evidence in favor of a null hypothesis and therefore also cannot discriminate “evidence of absence” from “absence of evidence”; (2) the FBST ev is susceptible to sampling to a foregone conclusion; (3) the FBST ev violates the principle of predictive irrelevance, such that it is affected by data that are equally likely to occur under the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis; (4) the FBST ev suffers from the Jeffreys-Lindley paradox in that it does not include a correction for selection. These problems also plague the frequentist p-value. We conclude that although the FBST ev may be an improvement over the p-value, it does not provide a reasonable measure of evidence against the null hypothesis.

scholarly journals Does Liquidity Influence Profitability in Islamic Banks of Bahrain: An Empirical Study?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Khasharmeh
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
P Value ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Watson Test ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of liquidity on Islamic banks’ profitability during the years from 2010 to 2015. The study extracted its data from the annual reports of six Islamic banks in Bahrain that have been in operations on or before 2010 to 2015. The liquidity model is built from four liquidity variables namely cash & due from banks to total assets (CDTA), cash & due from banks to total deposits (CDTD), investment to total assets (INVSTA) and investment to total deposits (INVSTD). According to adjusted R squares profitability variables return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and return on deposits (ROD) are respectively 16.2%, 3.1% and 21.3% dependent on liquidity variables.The results of the study show that CDTD and INVESTD are correlated positively with ROE. In addition, CDTD, INVSTA indicate a negative correlation with ROE. Thus, only INVSTA and INVSTD found to be significant with ROE at 0.05 significant level. Durbin-Watson test shows that the residuals are uncorrelated since its value is approximately very close to 2. However, according to the P-value, the overall liquidity model (Model 2) is not significantly related with ROE. Thus, the null hypothesis (H0) is accepted and the alternative hypothesis is rejected for the ROE. Furthermore, the results in the table show that CDTA and INVESTD are positively correlated with ROD, and negatively with CDTA and INVSTA, and CDTA is the only insignificant variable. CDTD is significantly related with ROD at 10%. Durbin-Watson test shows that the residuals are positive auto - correlated since its value is approximately very close to 1. However, according to the P-value, the overall liquidity model (Model 3), is significantly related with ROD at 1% level.The researcher recommended for further studies to add more liquidity variables to the model so as to enhance and enrich Islamic banks outlook.

scholarly journals Teaching Translation through STAD (Students Team Achievement Division) Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Upa ◽  
Muhammad Resqi Ridho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
English Education ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Academic Year

This research aims at finding out whether or not the use of STAD technique in teaching translation is effective to improve students’ translation ability at English Education Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. The population in this research was fifth semester students in academic year 2019. The researchers use pre-experimental method with pre-test and post-test design, and translation test as instrument of this research. Then the researchers analysed the data by using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program. The researchers conclude that using Students Team Achievement Division (STAD) technique to teach translation in the fifth semester students of English Education Program is effective. It is proven by mean score of the students in the post-test (80.20 (good)) is higher than mean score of students in the pre-test (68.87 (fairly good)). The researchers also found that the p value (0.00) on t-test is lower than α (0.05). It indicates that the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. It can be concluded that teaching by using STAD technique is effective in improving students’ ability in translation.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of organizational culture on strategy implementation process of private chartered universities in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Joyce Wanjiku Nderitu ◽  
Esther Waiganjo ◽  
George O. Orwa
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clan Culture

This study aimed at investigating the effect of organizational culture and strategy implementation process of Private chartered universities in Kenya. The cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and it used both quantitative and qualitative data as it seeks the effect of organizational culture on the implementation of corporate strategy. The accessible population included Registrars, Deans, Directors, Heads of Departments, academic staff, and students’ leaders. This study used both stratified random sampling and the target sample size was 198 employees. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze data.  The competing values framework was adopted to identify the organizational culture types that are displayed in Private chartered universities. A multiple linear regression model was also used to derive inferential statistical indicators.  Normality testing was done to compare the cumulative distribution of the data with the expected cumulative normal distribution and it bases its P value on the largest discrepancy. Two versions of Breusch-Pagan tests were conducted to test the null hypothesis on whether heteroscedasticity or homoscedasticity was present. Based on the regression analysis it was clear that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis accepted. The conclusion was that Clan culture had a significant influence on the strategy implementation process of Private chartered universities in Kenya.  The results established that there was a linear positive relationship between Clan culture and strategy implementation which implies that an increase in Clan culture would lead to a linear increase in Strategy implementation in Private chartered universities in Kenya. 

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN UNDERSTANDING SIMPLE PAST TENSE THROUGH WHISPER AND WRITE GAME

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Opik Dwi Indah
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
P Value ◽  
Second Grade Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Written Test

This research applied pre-experimental research. The research aimed at finding out whether whisper and write game can increase students’ ability in understanding simple past tense or not. The population of this research was the second grade students of Informatics Department at Cokroaminoto Palopo University. The researcher used purposive sampling technique in determining the students as sample. The sample was class 2F which consisted of 35 students. The instrument of the research was written test. The result shows that the mean score of the posttest is higher than mean score pretest (71.31 > 44.51). Meanwhile, P-Value is 0.00 and α is 0.05. It shows that P-value is smaller than α (0.00 < 0.05). It means that null Hypothesis (H0) is rejected and alternative Hypothesis (H1) is accepted. So, there is significant difference between the result of pretest and posttest after giving the treatment in teaching simple past tense by using whisper and write game. It can be concluded that whisper and write game can increase students’ ability in understanding simple past tense.

The Effect of Applying POSSE (Predict- Organize-Search-Summarize-Evaluate) on the Students’ Reading Comprehension

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Rejeki Maha ◽  
Berlin Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed at finding out The Effect of Applying POSSE (Predict-Organize-Search-Summarize-Evaluate) Strategy on the Students’ Reading Comprehension. This study used the experimental design. The population of this study was the students of SMA Negeri 2 Medan. There were sixty students taken as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by applying POSSE strategy while control group was taught without applying POSSE strategy. The instrument of collecting the data was multiple choice test which consists of 40 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder-Richardson (KR-21). The calculation shows the reliability was 0.81(high). The data were analyzed by using t-test. The calculation shows that t-observed (4.76) is higher than t-table (2.00) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that there was a significant effect of applying POSSE strategy on the students’ reading comprehension. Keywords: POSSE Strategy, Reading Comprehension.

THE EFFECT OF USING NOTING INTERACTING SUMMARIZING AND PRIORITIZING STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maruh Sianturi And Berlin Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed at finding out the effect of using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy on Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension. This study was designed with the experimental design. The population of this study was the first year students at academic 2013/2012 of SMA swasta YP St. Paulus Martubung, Medan. There were fourty students taken as the sample of the research. The sample was divided into two groups: the first group (20 students) as the experimental group and the second group (20 students) as the control group. The experimental group was taught by Using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy, while the control group was taught by using conventional method. The instrument for collecting the data was multiple choices which consisted of 40 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder -Richardson (KR-21) formula. The calculation showed that the reliability of the test was 0.75. The data were calculated by using t-test formula. The result of the analysis shows that t-observed (4.98) was higher than t-table (2.025) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 and the degree of freedom (df) 38. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It meant that teaching reading comprehension by using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy significantly affects reading comprehension.

Suggestopedia method as an effective method in teaching reading comprehension for senior high school

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Deavy Safitri Murfita ◽  
Dian Novita
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Program Calculation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Test Treatment

This research is to know is there is significant effect in reading comprehension achievement in X grade at SMK Walisongo 1 Gempol, being taught by suggestopedia method. This research uses quantitative research. The research’s object is X AK-2 of SMK Walisongo 1 Gempol has 28 students. The researcher divides the main activity into pre-test, treatment and post-test. Based on the SPSS 23 Program calculation from mean result of pre-test 70.1 and the result mean of post-test is 83.5. The students’ score is increasing after being given by the treatment. The result of the calculation of this research showed that (sig 2-tailed = 0.002) which is less from (<) 0.05 and significance 5%. It mean that the alternative hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected. From the result of the data analysis above, the use suggestopedia method gives significant effect in students’ reading comprehension achievement This article investigates major points of the speech verbs. On this case, different meaning of verbs was analyzed from Russian into English.  Therefore, analyses of the theory with methodology were described to make better diffusion. To conclude with both outcomes and shortcomings were outlined to get further analyses as the whole.

Hypothesis testing with error correction models

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Kraft ◽  
Ellen M. Key ◽  
Matthew J. Lebo
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Right ◽  
General Error

Abstract Grant and Lebo (2016) and Keele et al. (2016) clarify the conditions under which the popular general error correction model (GECM) can be used and interpreted easily: In a bivariate GECM the data must be integrated in order to rely on the error correction coefficient, $\alpha _1^\ast$ , to test cointegration and measure the rate of error correction between a single exogenous x and a dependent variable, y. Here we demonstrate that even if the data are all integrated, the test on $\alpha _1^\ast$ is misunderstood when there is more than a single independent variable. The null hypothesis is that there is no cointegration between y and any x but the correct alternative hypothesis is that y is cointegrated with at least one—but not necessarily more than one—of the x's. A significant $\alpha _1^\ast$ can occur when some I(1) regressors are not cointegrated and the equation is not balanced. Thus, the correct limiting distributions of the right-hand-side long-run coefficients may be unknown. We use simulations to demonstrate the problem and then discuss implications for applied examples.

Permutation Tests for Common Locations Among Samples With Unequal Variances

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Mielke ◽  
Kenneth J. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Permutation Tests ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Bivariate Distributions ◽  
Unequal Variances ◽  
Trace Test ◽  
Location Shift ◽  
Power Comparisons

In completely randomized experimental designs where population variances are equal under the null hypothesis, it is not uncommon to have multiplicative treatment effects that produce unequal variances under the alternative hypothesis. Permutation procedures are presented to test for (a) median location and scale shifts, (b) scale shifts only, and (c) mean location shifts only. Corresponding multivariate extensions are provided. Location-shift power comparisons between the parametric Bartlett-Nanda-Pillai trace test and three alternative multivariate permutation tests for five bivariate distributions are included.

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