Evolutionary-ontological reflection on physical activity of man in culture

Human Affairs ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vratislav Moudr
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Host System ◽  
Evolutionary Ontology

AbstractThis article is written from the perspective of Josef Šmajs’ evolutionary ontology and considers physical activity in humans. It focuses in detail on a particular form—physical exercise. In the author’s opinion, current physical exercise (sport activity) and any other human form of activity is part of the internal autopoietic processes of the sociocultural system, which displays an ever-increasingly destructive tendency towards its natural environment—towards the host system of the biosphere. The author attempts to establish the degree and manner to which the anti-nature activity of physical exercise varies, but also seeks to point out how they contribute to a potential biophilic transformation of culture.

scholarly journals Impact of Sport Activity and Physical Exercise on Obstetrical and Perineal Outcomes at Delivery: A Prospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (S 02) ◽  
pp. S83-S90
Author(s):  
Stefano Uccella ◽  
Paolo Manzoni ◽  
Nicola Marconi ◽  
Carlotta Toscani ◽  
Sara Biasoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Group 1

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity on perineal outcomes at delivery according to the different levels and types of maternal physical activity before and during pregnancy. Study Design We prospectively evaluated the obstetrical and perineal outcomes of all consecutive women who delivered at the Del Ponte Hospital, in the period between July 2014 and September 2014. Women were divided into three groups according to the features of physical activity performed before pregnancy: group 1: “very sporty women,” group 2: “moderately sporty women,” and group 3: “inactive women.” A subanalysis of our data was performed based on the specific type of sport activity, on the degree of involvement of perineal muscles during physical activity, and on the continuation/discontinuation of this activity during pregnancy. Results A total of 135, 84, and 85 women were included in group 1, group 2, and group 3, respectively. The demographic characteristics were comparable among all the groups. Sport activity during pregnancy was more frequent in groups 1 and 2 (59.3 and 53.6%, respectively, vs. 29.4% in group 3; p = 0.003). No differences among groups were detected in terms of perineal outcomes. A lower rate of episiotomy/lacerations ≥ 2nd degree was found among women who practiced sports that specifically involved the perineal muscles and who continued this practice during pregnancy. Conclusion Perineal outcomes are not influenced by the intensity of sport activity performed before/during pregnancy. Continuous sports during pregnancy that specifically train the perineal muscles are associated with a lower rate of episiotomy and perineal lacerations ≥ 2nd degree.

Using Mobile Health Intervention to Explore the Daily Physical Activity Patterns among University Students: Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Wei Yeh ◽  
Chun-Yan Yuan ◽  
Yu-Feng Wu ◽  
Rui Shen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
School Intervention ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Daily Exercise

BACKGROUND Promoting physical activity for adolescence is a global challenge in public health. Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors have been regarded to cause harmful chronic diseases to adolescent lifespan. However, high engagement in mobile technology for students may provide opportunities to help change adolescent unhealthy behaviors. Therefore, school sectors may play an important key role, such as implementing mobile health (mHealth) intervention to change students’ unhealthy behaviors and promote regular physical exercise behaviors, especially during the transition from adolescence to young adult. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore university students’ daily exercise patterns upon intervention of school-based mHealth project. METHODS Students’ physical exercise participation was recorded with students’ mobile application. With 4152 university freshmen (1476 males, 2676 females) and 335898 of their exercise records were analyzed (mean frequency of 38.2 ±16.10 in males, 45.1±10.81 in females) during the semester. RESULTS Under the school intervention project, students that exercised on Friday and Saturday was lower than that on other days, which indicated that the participation in exercise were more active on weekdays than on weekends. Among the participants who completed the requirement set by the school intervention project, both males and females used weekends to do exercise. On the other hand, overweight male university students participated in physical activity more than the requirement of the school intervention project and their exercise duration were found to be significantly higher than other participants. CONCLUSIONS Understanding a week of daily exercise patterns among youth upon the school mHealth Apps intervention can benefit in developing efficient and flexible projects to promote physical health and improve regular exercise participation in youth.

scholarly journals Choroidal Thickness and Volume Modifications Induced by Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Insa-Sánchez ◽  
Lorena Fuentes-Broto ◽  
Alberto Cobos ◽  
Elvira Orduna Hospital ◽  
Francisco Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Our aim was to evaluate the changes in choroidal thickness (CT) and volume (CV) following aerobic physical exercise in healthy young adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study included 72 eyes from healthy volunteers between 22 and 37 years old. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, total physical activity was computed. Measurements using an autorefractometer, ocular biometry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography using the Enhanced Depth Imaging protocol were taken. OCT was performed as a baseline measurement and after performing 10 min of dynamic physical exercise (3 and 10 min post-exercise). The choroidal layer was manually segmented, and the CT and CV in different areas from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid were obtained. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In healthy adults, at 3 min post-exercise, CT was higher in the subfoveal, the 3-mm nasal, and the 6-mm superior areas. Between 3 and 10 min post-exercise, the CT was reduced in all areas, and in some areas, the values were even smaller than the baseline measurements. The CV values showed changes after exercise similar to those of thickness. The total CV recovery after exercise was related to sex and physical activity level. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Individuals with higher physical activity habits had greater CV at rest than those with lower physical activity levels. During exercise, healthy young people adjust CT and CV. At 3 min post-exercise, CT and CV increase. Women and individuals with greater physical activity levels reduce their total CV more than others during recovery.

scholarly journals Effects of Activity Tracker-Based Counselling and Live-Web Exercise on Breast Cancer Survivors during Italy COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Blasio ◽  
Teresa Morano ◽  
Federica Lancia ◽  
Gianluca Viscioni ◽  
Angelo Di Iorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Activity Tracker ◽  
Personal Feedback

Background: To prevent and fight the increase of daily sedentary time and to promote and stimulate the positive effects of physical activity and exercise on health, both traditional interventions and new strategies are important for breast cancer survivors (BCS). The research goal was to compare the effects of weekly personal feedback, based on objectively measured physical activity, on the trends of both daily sedentary time and on the physical activity of BCS (E− group) with those of an intervention also including online supervised physical exercise sessions (E+ group), during the Italy COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: The Italian COVID-19 emergency allowed the possibility to also observe the effects of social and personal limitations. A total of 51 BCS were studied over an 18-week period and had an objective registration of day-to-day sedentary time, physical activity, and sleep. Both subsamples received weekly or fortnight personal feedback. Data were analysed considering four key periods, according to the COVID-19 emergency steps. Results: Statistical analysis showed an additive effect for sedentary time and a multiplicative effect both for light-to vigorous and light-intensity physical activities. The E− group had a high overall sedentary time and a different trend of light-to vigorous and light-intensity physical activities, with a reduction from the 1st to the 2nd periods (national and personal restrictions), showing a significant rise just at the end of the national restrictions. Conclusions: The use of an activity tracker and its accompanying app, with the reception of weekly tailored advice and supervised online physical exercise sessions, can elicit proper physical activity recomposition in BCS in the COVID-19 era.

scholarly journals Physical activity and health, novel concepts and new targets: report from the 12th Conference of the International Research Group on the Biochemistry of Exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs K. C. Hesselink ◽  
Marleen A. van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Research Group ◽  
International Research ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
International Research Group ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Exercise Induced

The present paper is the introductory paper to a series of brief reviews representing the proceedings of a recent conference on ‘The biochemical basis for the health effects of exercise’ organized by the International Research Group on the Biochemistry of Exercise in conjunction with the Nutrition Society. Here the aim is to briefly review and highlight the main innovations presented during this meeting. The following topics were covered during the meeting: exercise signalling pathways controlling fuel oxidation during and after exercise; the fatty acid transporters of skeletal muscle; mechanisms involved in exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle; new methodologies and insights in the regulation of fat metabolism during exercise; muscle hypertrophy: the signals of insulin, amino acids and exercise; adipose tissue–liver–muscle interactions leading to insulin resistance. In these symposia state-of-the-art knowledge on how physical exercise exerts its effects on health was presented. The fast-growing number of identified pathways and processes involved in the health effects of physical exercise, which were discussed during the meeting, will help to develop tailored physical-activity regimens in the prevention of inactivity-induced deterioration of health.

scholarly journals Mutual Influence of Psoriasis and Sport

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Paolo Custurone ◽  
Laura Macca ◽  
Lucrezia Bertino ◽  
Debora Di Mauro ◽  
Fabio Trimarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
The Impact

The link between psoriasis and sport is a controversial issue. The topic has been poorly investigated, and nowadays there are many unsolved questions, dealing with the role of psoriasis in influencing the sporting habits of patients and, vice versa, the impact of sport activity on course, severity and extent of the disease, with particular regard to the indirect benefits on cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the role of physical activity on patients’ quality of life and the potential limitations on physical activity due to joint involvement have not been well elucidated until now. In this narrative review we will try to provide answers to these queries.

scholarly journals Physical exercise during pregnancy and its influence in the type of birth

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lílian Cristina da Silveira ◽  
Conceição Aparecida de Mattos Segre
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primiparous Women

OBJECTIVE: To verify if medium intensity exercise performed during pregnancy can influence in the type of delivery, and to observe compliance to an exercise program among primiparous women with different levels of schooling. METHODS: A study carried out at the Centro de Incentivo ao Aleitamento Materno, in São Sebastiao (SP), between April 7, 2008, and April 14, 2009. A prospective study involving 66 primiparous women who were divided into two groups: an Exercise Group, engaged in regular physical activity during pregnancy, and the Control Group, that did not participate in regular physical activity during the same period. Significance level in this project was 5% (p=0.05). RESULTS: The group that did engage in regular exercise had a higher rate of vaginal deliveries, with a statistically significance difference evaluated by the χ² test (p=0.031). The pregnant women with the highest level of schooling showed greater compliance with the exercise program, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.01736). CONCLUSION: Physical exercise in primiparous women increased the chances of vaginal deliveries, and there was greater compliance with the exercise program among those with a higher level of schooling when compared to those with a basic education.

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