Surface changes on a landslide affected high bluff in Dunaszekcső (Hungary)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titusz Bugya ◽  
Szabolcs Fábián ◽  
Noémi Görcs ◽  
István Kovács ◽  
Bertalan Radvánszky
Keyword(s):  
Base Point ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Elevation Change ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
And Control ◽  
Surface Changes

AbstractThis article presents results from the survey conducted on Dunaszekcső loess bluff after the last major rotational sliding event in 2008. The study area is a region of 25×30 m located on loess bluff close to the recent scarp. The relative elevation change of the surface was surveyed in 2.5×5 m grid network in relation to a marked base point. The survey was conducted using simple equipment such as analogue theodolite and leveller with regular time interval during a year and control measurements were taken after six months.It was assumed that measurements to the nearest cm are sufficient to recognize vertical displacements of the surface. The study focused on identifying the pattern of general vertical movements for the study area by the relative movements of individual points. Our results show significant cm scale vertical displacements. Most of the grid points have a slow decreasing tendency, but close to the scarp a more significant displacement was found. The main character of the spatial pattern is subsidence, which is more definitive on southern part of the study area than the northern part. Our observations correlate with the broader geomorphological characteristics of loess bluffs along the Danube.

Distribution of Low-Density Lipoprotein in the Aortic Intima of Hyperglycemic Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
S. H. Lee ◽  
C. H. Kao ◽  
V. C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aortic Intima

Chronic hyperglycemia is a common feature of all forms of diabetes mellitus and may contribute greatly to the increase in the incidence of atherosclerosis. It has been demonstrated that increasing arterial permeability to the macromolecules can cause low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) to infiltrate and accumulate in the intima. This event is crucial for developing the plaques in the arterial wall. in this study, we use Evans blue to study the permeability of arterial endothelium in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats. We also use colloidal gold-labeled LDL to investigate in situ the distribution of LDL in the aortic intima of hyperglycemic rats.The hyperglycemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks) by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The blood glucose concentration and hemoglobin glycation were measured once in every week. The uptake of drinking water is monitored in the regular time interval. After 3 months into the experiment, ten hyperglycemic and control rats were anesthetized.

scholarly journals The effect of diminazene aceturate on cholinesterase activity in dogs with canine babesiosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Milner ◽  
F. Reyers ◽  
J.H. Taylor ◽  
J.S. Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

A clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effects of diminazene aceturate and its stabiliser antipyrine on serum pseudocholinesterase (PChE) and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC AChE) in dogs with babesiosis. The trial was conducted on naturally occurring, uncomplicated cases of babesiosis (n = 20) that were randomly allocated to groups receiving a standard therapeutic dose of diminazene aceturate with antipyrine stabiliser (n = 10) or antipyrine alone (n = 10). Blood was drawn immediately before and every 15 minutes for 1 hour after treatment. Plasma PChE showed a 4 % decrease between 0 and 60 min within the treatment group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups at any of the time intervals for PChE. There was an increase in RBC AChE activity at 15 min in the treatment group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups at any time interval for RBC AChE. In view of the difference in PChE, samples from additional, new cases (n = 10) of canine babesiosis were collected to identify the affect of the drug over 12 hours. No significant depression was identified over this time interval. The results suggests that the underlying mechanism in producing side-effects, when they do occur, is unlikely to be through cholinesterase depression.

scholarly journals Glacier geometry and elevation changes on Svalbard (1936–90): a baseline dataset

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nuth ◽  
J. Kohler ◽  
H.F. Aas ◽  
O. Brandt ◽  
J.O. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Elevation Change ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Random Components ◽  
Elevation Changes ◽  
Norwegian Polar Institute ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractThis study uses older topographic maps made from high-oblique aerial photographs for glacier elevation change studies. We compare the 1936/38 topographic map series of Svalbard (Norwegian Polar Institute) to a modern digital elevation model from 1990. Both systematic and random components of elevation error are examined by analyzing non-glacier elevation difference points. The 1936/38 photographic aerial survey is examined to identify areas with poor data coverage over glaciers. Elevation changes are analyzed for seven regions in Svalbard (~5000 km2), where significant thinning was found at glacier fronts, and elevation increases in the upper parts of the accumulation areas. All regions experience volume losses and negative geodetic balances, although regional variability exists relating to both climate and topography. Many surges are apparent within the elevation change maps. Estimated volume change for the regions is –1.59±0.07km3 a–1 (ice equivalent) for a geodetic annual balance of –0.30ma–1w.e., and the glaciated area has decreased by 16% in the 54 year time interval. The 1936–90 data are compared to modern elevation change estimates in the southern regions, to show that the rate of thinning has increased dramatically since 1990.

scholarly journals IoT-based Running Time Monitoring System for Machine Preventive Maintenance Scheduling

ELKHA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Erwin Sitompul ◽  
Agus Rohmat
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Simulation Purpose ◽  
And Control

Machines are valuable assets that need to be protected from damage and failure through proper maintenance measures. This paper proposes a system that automatically monitors the running time of machines and sends notifications regarding their preventive maintenance (PM) schedules. The system core consists of a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a human machine interface (HMI). The HMI is connected to an online platform via internet connection provided by a router, so that the monitoring result can be accessed via Android smartphone or laptop/PC. This IoT-based running time monitoring system (IRTMS) will be particularly helpful in implementation at an production site that consists of multiple various machines. The PM items of a machine may vary from cleaning, changing single component, to an overhaul, each with different time interval. By using the IRTMS, the user will have an overview of the PM schedules anytime and anywhere. The preparation of material, components, or tools can be known ahead of time. For simulation purpose, a prototype is constructed by using components as used in industrial real-life condition. Four output connections are provided to simulate the simultaneous monitoring of four machines. The IRTMS prototype is tested and completely successful on doing the running time monitoring, the running time reset, the PM notifications, and the remote access for monitoring and control.

Fossil shorelines at Corfu and surrounding islands deduced from erosional notches

The Holocene ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1565-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki Evelpidou ◽  
Anna Karkani ◽  
Paolo A Pirazzoli
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
Tectonic Movements

New geomorphological investigations along the coasts of Corfu, Othonoi, Paxoi, and Antipaxoi Islands allowed the identification of recent fossil shorelines. Former sea-level positions were deduced from sea-level indicators. A ‘modern’ tidal notch, submerged c. −20 cm, was observed in all studied islands. This notch is regarded to have been submerged by the global sea-level rise that occurred during the 19th and 20th centuries at a rate exceeding the possibilities of intertidal bioerosion. Its presence provides evidence that no vertical tectonic movements occurred since its formation. On Corfu, impacts of ancient earthquakes have left some marks of emergence at about ≥+130 ± 11, +110 ± 11, +65 ± 11, +40 ± 11, and +25 ± 11 cm, as well as marks of submergence at about −40 to −50, −85 ± 11, −120 ± 11, and −180 ± 11 cm. The emergence of +130 ± 11 cm, previously dated at about 790–400 cal. bc, was detected through erosion notches at various sites in the western part of Corfu and appears to continue even more west, at Othonoi Island. Tidal notches submerged at depths exceeding 0.4 m were observed in the northeastern part of the island and suggest the local occurrence of a sequence of four coseismic subsidences, with average vertical displacements of 40 cm, during at least the last few millennia. At Paxoi and Antipaxoi, Holocene vertical movements seem to have been mainly of subsidence. At Paxoi, the ‘modern’ notch was found at about −20 to −30 cm, while four more submerged tidal notches were distinguished at about −40 ± 11, −60 ± 11, −75 ± 11, and −90 ± 11 cm, while in Antipaxoi, three submerged tidal notches were distinguished at about −60 ± 11, −75 ± 11, and −120 ± 11 cm.

The Design of an IEEE 1588 End-to-End Transparent Ethernet Switch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Caleb Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Packet Delay ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Path Delay ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ieee 1588 ◽  
Precision Time ◽  
End To End ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Ethernet Switch

<p>In measurement and control systems there is often a need to synchronise distributed clocks. Traditionally, synchronisation has been achieved using a dedicated medium to convey time information, typically using the IRIG-B serial protocol. The precision time protocol (IEEE 1588) has been designed as an improvement to current methods of synchronisation within a distributed network of devices. IEEE 1588 is a message based protocol that can be implemented across packet based networks including, but not limited to, Ethernet. Standard Ethernet switches introduce a variable delay to packets that inhibits path delay measurements. Transparent switches have been introduced to measure and adjust for packet delay, thus removing the negative effects that these variations cause.  This thesis describes the hardware and firmware design of an IEEE 1588 transparent end-to-end Ethernet switch for Tekron International Ltd based in Lower Hutt, New Zealand. This switch has the ability to monitor all Ethernet traffic, identify IEEE 1588 timing packets, measure the delay that these packets experience while passing through the switch, and account for this delay by adjusting a time-interval field of the packet as it is leaving the switch. This process takes place at the operational speed of the port, and without introducing significant delay. Time-interval measurements can be made using a high-precision timestamp unit with a resolution of 1 ns. The total jitter introduced by this measurement process is just 4.5 ns through a single switch.</p>

Inherited discontinuities and Neogene structure: the Gulf of Suez and the northwestern edge of the Red Sea

1986 ◽  
Vol 317 (1539) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Gulf Of Suez ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Zigzag Pattern ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Intracontinental Deformation ◽  
Extensional Model

The Gulf of Suez and the northern Red Sea rifts are the result of intracontinental deformation during Neogene times. The initiation and the development of the rift are controlled by (i) four main trends of faults: N140°-N150°; NS to N 20°; sub E -W ; and N40°-60°; (ii) a zigzag faulting pattern; (iii) two main tectonic events. The first is characterized by strike-slip displacements inducing the formation of antithetic tilted blocks. The geometry of the blocks changes according to their orientation. Complex structures can result from the com bination of several trends. Vertical movements are weak. The second is characterized by synthetic normal movements forming a horst and graben pattern. Vertical displacements are important and induce the generation of the axial trough and uplift of the shoulders of the rift. The zigzag pattern of the faults that govern the Rift and the initial strike-slip displacements cannot result from a simple extensional model but imply a reactivation of inherited discontinuities in the Miocene stress system induced by the northern convergent boundaries of the African and Arabic plates. The major trends of faults that control the Neogene structure have been active in this area since Palaeozoic or even Proterozoic times.

scholarly journals Differential Quadrature Solution of Hyperbolic Telegraph Equation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pekmen ◽  
M. Tezer-Sezgin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Differential Quadrature Method ◽  
Telegraph Equation ◽  
Differential Quadrature ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Quadrature Method ◽  
Time Level ◽  
Time Direction ◽  
Grid Points

Differential quadrature method (DQM) is proposed for the numerical solution of one- and two-space dimensional hyperbolic telegraph equation subject to appropriate initial and boundary conditions. Both polynomial-based differential quadrature (PDQ) and Fourier-based differential quadrature (FDQ) are used in space directions while PDQ is made use of in time direction. Numerical solution is obtained by using Gauss-Chebyshev-Lobatto grid points in space intervals and equally spaced and/or GCL grid points for the time interval. DQM in time direction gives the solution directly at a required time level or steady state without the need of iteration. DQM also has the advantage of giving quite good accuracy with considerably small number of discretization points both in space and time direction.

scholarly journals A comparison of Greenland ice-sheet volume changes derived from altimetry measurements

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (185) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Thomas ◽  
Curt Davis ◽  
Earl Frederick ◽  
William Krabill ◽  
Yonghong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Radar Altimeter ◽  
Elevation Change ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
The North ◽  
Radar Waveforms ◽  
Summer Temperatures

AbstractWe compare rates of surface-elevation change on the Greenland ice sheet derived from European Remote-sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) radar-altimeter data with those obtained from laser-altimeter data collected over nearly the same time periods. Radar-altimeter data show more rapid thickening (9 ± 1 cm a−1 above 1500 m elevation in the north, and 3 ± 1 cm a−1 above 2000 m in the south) than the laser estimates, possibly caused by a lifting of the radar-reflection horizon associated with changes in the snowpack, such as those caused by progressively increased surface melting, as summer temperatures rise. Over all the ice sheet above 2000 m, this results in an ERS-derived volume balance ∼75 ± 15 km3 a−1 more positive than that from laser data. This bias between laser and radar estimates of elevation change varies spatially and temporally, so cannot at present be corrected without independent surveys such as those presented here. At lower elevations, comparison of detailed repeat laser surveys over Jakobshavn Isbræ with ERS results over the same time interval shows substantial ERS underestimation of ice-thinning rates. This results partly from missing data because of ‘bad’ radar waveforms over the very rough surface topography, and partly from the tendency for large radar footprints to sample preferentially local high points in the topography, thus missing regions of most rapid thinning along glacier depressions.

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