Exercise as Treatment for Alcohol Dependence

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten K. Roessler ◽  
Randi Bilberg ◽  
Kurt Jensen ◽  
Anne-Sofie Kjaergaard ◽  
Ajla Dervisevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Testing Environment ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cardio Respiratory Fitness

Abstract Objective The clinical management of alcohol dependence involves evidence-based knowledge on medical treatment, physical training, and psychological management. This pilot study investigates the effect of physical exercise on cardio-respiratory fitness and socio-psychological outcomes. Design: 10 alcohol patients are included to 12 times moderate intensity exercise in groups. Methods: Aerobic power, anxiety, and depression are measured at baseline and post intervention. Observations of the instructor are described. Results: No significant change of aerobic power, but decreased subjective exhaustion. A trend is shown of decreased depression and less concern. Clinical observations showed the testing environment as obstacle and found the communicative role of the instructor crucial. Conclusion: Future research with regard of adherence has to concentrate on the social and contextual aspects of physical activity as treatment.

Genes and exercise intolerance: insights from McArdle disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Nogales-Gadea ◽  
Richard Godfrey ◽  
Alfredo Santalla ◽  
Jaume Coll-Cantí ◽  
Guillem Pintos-Morell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Storage Disease Type ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Mcardle Disease

McArdle disease (glycogen storage disease type V) is caused by inherited deficiency of a key enzyme in muscle metabolism, the skeletal muscle-specific isoform of glycogen phosphorylase, “myophosphorylase,” which is encoded by the PYGM gene. Here we review the main pathophysiological, genotypic, and phenotypic features of McArdle disease and their interactions. To date, moderate-intensity exercise (together with pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion) is the only treatment option that has proven useful for these patients. Furthermore, regular physical activity attenuates the clinical severity of McArdle disease. This is quite remarkable for a monogenic disorder that consistently leads to the same metabolic defect at the muscle tissue level, that is, complete inability to use muscle glycogen stores. Further knowledge of this disorder would help patients and enhance understanding of exercise metabolism as well as exercise genomics. Indeed, McArdle disease is a paradigm of human exercise intolerance and PYGM genotyping should be included in the genetic analyses that might be applied in the coming personalized exercise medicine as well as in future research on genetics and exercise-related phenotypes.

Confirming a beneficial effect of the six-minute walk test on exercise confidence in patients with heart failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Toukhsati ◽  
S Mathews ◽  
A Sheed ◽  
I Freijah ◽  
L Moncur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Six Minute Walk Test ◽  
Minute Walk

Background: Low confidence to exercise is a barrier to engaging in exercise in heart failure patients. Participating in low to moderate intensity exercise, such as the six-minute walk test, may increase exercise confidence. Aim: To compare the effects of a six-minute walk test with an educational control condition on exercise confidence in heart failure patients. Methods: This was a prospective, quasi-experimental design whereby consecutive adult patients attending an out-patient heart failure clinic completed the Exercise Confidence Scale prior to and following involvement in the six-minute walk test or an educational control condition. Results: Using a matched pairs, mixed model design ( n=60; 87% male; Mage=58.87±13.16), we identified a significantly greater improvement in Total exercise confidence ( F(1,54)=4.63, p=0.036, partial η2=0.079) and Running confidence ( F(1,57)=4.21, p=0. 045, partial η2=0.069) following the six-minute walk test compared to the educational control condition. These benefits were also observed after adjustment for age, gender, functional class and depression. Conclusion: Heart failure patients who completed a six-minute walk test reported greater improvement in exercise confidence than those who read an educational booklet for 10 min. The findings suggest that the six-minute walk test may be used as a clinical tool to improve exercise confidence. Future research should test these results under randomized conditions and examine whether improvements in exercise confidence translate to greater engagement in exercise behavior.

scholarly journals AgingPLUS: A Randomized Trial to Increase Physical Activity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 434-434
Author(s):  
Manfred Diehl ◽  
Jennifer Schrack
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
Intervention Condition

Abstract Engagement in physical activity (PA) has well-documented benefits for delaying or preventing age-related diseases. Thus, it is important to study innovative ways to increase PA in the adult population. This symposium describes AgingPLUS, an ongoing trial that addresses three psychological mechanisms to increase adults’ PA: Negative views of aging (NVOA), low self-efficacy beliefs, and deficient goal-planning skills. The symposium also presents preliminary findings, based on a pre-pandemic subsample, on changes in explicit NVOA, implicit VOA, and changes in PA. Diehl et al. describe the theoretical background and study design of the ongoing RCT. This also includes the main study hypotheses. Rebok et al. present preliminary findings showing significant effects of the intervention on NVOA and frequency of moderate intensity exercise. Effects on physical function and accelerometry measures were not statistically significant in this subsample. Tseng et al. examined the effects of the intervention on two measures of implicit VOA: a lexical decision-making task (LDMT) and the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT). Findings showed that differences in post-intervention latencies on the LDMT were not statistically significant. Differences on post-intervention BIAT d scores also failed to be significant. Finally, Nehrkorn-Bailey et al. tested a multiple mediator model examining the mediational role of self-efficacy (SE) and exercise intention (EI) on PA. Results showed that Week 4 SE significantly mediated the effect of intervention condition to Week 8 anticipated PA engagement. Week 4 EI significantly mediated the effect of intervention condition on Month 6 PA engagement. Anticipated PA effects predicted subsequent involvement in PA.

scholarly journals High-intensity Exercise and Cognitive Function in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: A Randomised Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Brown ◽  
Natalie Frost ◽  
Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith ◽  
James Doecke ◽  
Shaun Markovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Abstract BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity has been consistently linked to increased risk of cognitive decline; however, studies examining the impact of exercise interventions on cognition have produced inconsistent findings. Some observational studies suggest exercise intensity may be important for inducing cognitive improvements; however, this has yet to be thoroughly examined in older adult cohorts. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of systematically manipulated high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise interventions on cognition. In addition, we investigated individual variability in exercise response by examining effects of relevant genetic factors and changes in cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive change.METHODS: This multi-arm randomised clinical trial investigated the effects of 6-months of high-intensity exercise and moderate-intensity exercise, compared with an inactive control, on cognition. Outcome measures were assessed at pre- (baseline), post- (6 months), and 12-months post-intervention. Ninety-nine cognitively normal men and women (aged 60 – 80 years) were enrolled from October 2016 to November 2017. Participants that were allocated to an exercise group (i.e., high-intensity or moderate-intensity) engaged in cycle-based exercise two times per week for 6 months. Cognition was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated by a graded exercise test. Apolipoprotein e4 genotype and brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met carriage were identified.RESULTS: There was a dose-dependent effect of exercise intensity on cardiorespiratory fitness; whereby the high-intensity group experienced greater increases in fitness than the moderate-intensity and control groups. However, there was no direct effect of exercise on cognition. We observed an association between changes in global cognition and executive function and changes in cardiorespiratory fitness from pre- to post-intervention: this relationship was strongest in brain-derived neurotrophic factor non-Met carriers.CONCLUSIONS We did not observe a direct effect of exercise on cognition. Nevertheless, our data suggests genetics may moderate the relationship between fitness and cognitive change following exercise, and this should be examined further in larger trials.TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000643370). Registered 3rd May 2017 - retrospectively registered. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372780

Comparison of Passive Sensory Stimulations on RPE during Moderate Intensity Exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor B. White ◽  
Jeffrey A. Potteiger
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to compare three passive attentional manipulations on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise. College subjects (13 men, 11 women) completed four 20-min. periods of cycling at 70% of peak aerobic power. Four stimulus conditions were randomly assigned from auditory (listening to fast upbeat music), visual (viewing high-action videotape of human stunts), auditory/visual (both stimulations), and control (no stimulation). Heart rate, peripheral RPE, central RPE, and over-all RPE were measured at 5-min. intervals. Peripheral RPE was significantly higher for visual at 5 and 20 min. compared with auditory/visual and at 5 min. compared to auditory stimulation. Central RPE was significantly higher for visual stimulation at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. compared with auditory/visual, at 5, 10, and 20 min. compared with auditory, and at 5 min. compared to the control condition. Over-all RPE was significantly higher for visual stimulation at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. compared with auditory/visual and at 5 and 10 min. compared with auditory stimulation. Passive dissociations using high-action visual images may evoke a strong, emotional response which may heighten awareness of physical sensations.

scholarly journals Individuals with controlled hypertension show endothelial integrity following a bout of moderate-intensity exercise: randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Waclawovsky ◽  
Liliana F. C. Boll ◽  
Bruna Eibel ◽  
Ana Paula Alegretti ◽  
Fabiane Spagnol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractTo examine the acute effects of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE) or combined exercise (CE) on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), progenitor cells (PCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), oxidative stress markers and endothelial-cell derived microvesicles (EMVs) in patients with hypertension. This is a randomized, parallel-group clinical trial involving an intervention of one session of three different modalities of exercise. Thirty-three males (43 ± 2y) were randomly divided into three groups: a session of AE (n = 11, 40 min, cycle ergometer, 60% HRR); a session of RE (n = 11, 40 min, 4 × 12 lower limb repetitions, 60% 1-RM); or a session of CE (n = 11, 20-min RE + 20-min AE). FMD was assessed 10 min before and 10, 40 and 70 min post-intervention. Blood samples were collected at the same time points (except 40 min). FMD were similar in all groups and from baseline (within each group) after a single exercise bout (AE, RE or CE). At 70 min, RE group showed higher levels of PCs compared to the AE (81%) and CE group (60%). PC levels were reduced from baseline in all groups (AE: 32%, p = 0.037; RE: 15%, p = 0.003; CE: 17%, p = 0.048). The levels of EPCs, EMVs and oxidative stress were unchanged. There were no acute effects of moderate-intensity exercise on FMD, EPCs, EMVs and oxidative stress, but PCs decreased regardless of the exercise modality. Individuals with controlled hypertension do not seem to have impaired vascular function in response to a single exercise bout.

scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT EXERCISE DOSES ON PREVENTING DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S171-S171
Author(s):  
Mei-Lan Chen ◽  
Yu-Chen Chang ◽  
Ying-Yu Chao ◽  
Douglas S Gardenhire ◽  
Elisabeth O Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Preventive Effects

Abstract Regular exercise is potentially an effective way to prevent or reduce depressive symptoms for older adults. However, little research has focused on gender differences in exercise dose effects on depressive symptoms in older people. The purpose of this study was to test gender differences in the preventive effects of different exercise doses on depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan. This study was a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study in a sample of older Taiwanese adults (N = 2,673; mean age 74.2 ± 5.7 years). Four different doses of moderate-intensity exercise were examined including three 15-min sessions/week, three 30-min sessions/week, six 15-min sessions/week, and six 30-min sessions/week. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze characteristics of the sample and hypotheses testing. All analysis models were adjusted according to age, gender, education, marital status, smoking, social participation, and chronic conditions. The results indicated that regular exercise with at least 15 min per session, 3 times a week of moderate intensity was significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms for women, but there were no significant preventive effects on depressive symptoms for men. This study suggests that moderate-intensity exercise may play a protective role in depression prevention for older women, even with a very low dose (three 15-min sessions/week). Gender differences should be considered for future research and clinical practice when designing exercise interventions on preventing depression for older adults.

scholarly journals How active are we? Levels of routine physical activity in children and adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. E. Livingstone ◽  
P. J. Robson ◽  
J. M. W. Wallace ◽  
M. C. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Increased Risk

The accurate measurement of physical activity is fraught with problems in adults, but more especially in children because they have more complex and multi-dimensional activity patterns. In addition, the results of different studies are often difficult to interpret and compare, because of the diversity of methodological approaches, differences in data analysis and reporting, and the adoption of varying definitions of what constitutes an appropriate level of activity. Furthermore, inactivity is seldom quantified directly. Although there exists an extensive literature documenting the health benefits of regular physical activity in adults, activity-health relationships in children are not clear-cut. Current recommendations reinforce the concept of health-related activity, accumulating 30 min moderate-intensity exercise on at least 5 d/week (adults) and 1 h moderate-intensity exercise/d (children). Evidence suggests a high prevalence of inactivity in adults, but whether or not inactivity is increasing cannot be assessed currently. Similarly, no definite conclusions are justified about either the levels of physical activity of children, or whether these are sufficient to maintain and promote health. Data to support the belief that activity levels in childhood track into adulthood are weak. Inactivity is associated with an increased risk of weight gain and obesity, but causality remains to be established. In children there is strong evidence to demonstrate a dose-response relationship between the prevalence and incidence of obesity and time spent viewing television. Future research should focus on refining methodology for physical activity assessment to make it more sensitive to the different dimensions and contexts of activity in different age-groups.

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

Current Postvention Research and Priorities for the Future

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Andriessen ◽  
Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intercultural Collaboration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Ethical Approval

Abstract. Background: Suicide can have a lasting impact on the social life as well as the physical and mental health of the bereaved. Targeted research is needed to better understand the nature of suicide bereavement and the effectiveness of support. Aims: To take stock of ongoing studies, and to inquire about future research priorities regarding suicide bereavement and postvention. Method: In March 2015, an online survey was widely disseminated in the suicidology community. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 77 times, and 22 records were included in the analysis. The respondents provided valuable information regarding current research projects and recommendations for the future. Limitations: Bearing in mind the modest number of replies, all from respondents in Westernized countries, it is not known how representative the findings are. Conclusion: The survey generated three strategies for future postvention research: increase intercultural collaboration, increase theory-driven research, and build bonds between research and practice. Future surveys should include experiences with obtaining research grants and ethical approval for postvention studies.

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