PENGARUH FILLER ABU AMPAS TEBU (AAT) DENGAN BAHAN PENGIKAT ASPAL PEN 60/70 PADA CAMPURAN LASTON AC-WC

Cause of occurrence damage and decrease of road pavement strength is low strength and durability in a mixed layer (AC-WC). To overcome this problem, it is necessary to improve the quality of road pavement in aggregate, filler, and asphalt composition. Filler serves to isolate the cavities between the aggregate particles so as to increase the density of the mixture. In general, the filler of stone ash has been used. However, it is important to find for other alternative materials which utilizing waste materials such as dregs of bagasse. The content of silica (SiO2) in ashes of bagasse is very high, 42.47%, thus it is expected to improve the quality of asphalt mixture. This study aims to determine the effect of using ashes of bagasse over the characteristics of mixed laston layer (AC-WC) with the addition of bagasse ash from 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. This study refers to the 2010 Bina Marga Specification Revision 3 Year 2014. The results show that the addition of ash of bagasse has increased stability value. In general, the characteristic values that meet the requirements are found in the composition of 50% filler ash of bagasse asphalt at 5.87%, VIM value of 4.61%, VMA 18.41%, flow 3.17 mm and stability is 1344 , 04 kg.

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Pengaruh Serbuk Ban Bekas Sebagai Campuran Agregat Halus Pada Campuran Aspal Porous

Wahana Teknik Sipil: Jurnal Pengembangan Teknik Sipil ◽

10.32497/wahanats.v24i2.1731 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Nunung Martina ◽

Muhammad Fathur Rouf Hasan ◽

Yanuar Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Flexible Pavement ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Construction Work ◽

Porous Asphalt ◽

Road Pavement ◽

Alternative Materials ◽

Pavement Construction ◽

New Generation

The porous asphalt mixture is a new generation of flexible pavement that is able to pass water in the upper layer (wearing course) both vertically and horizontally. The porous asphalt layer effectively provides more safety, especially when it rains to avoid aquaplaning which causes roughness of the surface to be more rough. Therefore, at this time there are many studies on the use of alternative materials to replace the limited natural materials with materials that can be utilized. The results showed that porous asphalt mixture with used tire crumb as a fine aggregate mixture had an increase in flow value of 6.32% with a decrease in stability value by 27.52% and a decrease Marshall Quotient value at 31.82%. The testing of roughness is increased by 17.71% and Mu-Meter 24.14%. This research is effective in overcoming environmental problems which include processing tire waste of 3.03 tons for 1 km of road pavement construction work.

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Enhancing of CBR Strength and Freeze–Thaw Performance of Silty Subgrade Using Three Reinforcement Categories

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-2016-00000014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 73-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ahmed Ebrahim Abu El-Maaty

Keyword(s):

Waste Materials ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Subgrade Soil ◽

Wide Range ◽

Low Strength ◽

Pavement Damage ◽

Strength And Durability ◽

Pavement Foundation

Silty subgrade soil cannot satisfy the requirements of highway construction because of its low strength and durability problems. A wide range of reinforcements have been used to improve soil performance. Improving the soil properties has caused more interest in identifying new accessible resources for reinforcement. This paper investigates the effect of including different reinforcement types on reducing the rapid accumulation of pavement damage caused by freeze–thaw cycles or low strength of a silty pavement foundation. The improvement of CBR strength and freeze-thaw behavior was tested with the inclusion of three reinforcement categories: i) randomly distributed fibers (natural palm fibers and chemical polypropylene fibers), ii) chemical additives (lime and cement), and iii) waste or by-product materials (fly ash and silica fume). To represent unsaturated and saturated soil conditions for various field applications, both unsubmerged and submerged samples were investigated. Mass losses were also calculated after freezing–thawing cycles as criteria for durability behavior. The test results for the reinforced specimens were compared with unreinforced samples to clarify the effectiveness of each reinforcement type and content. Unsubmerged samples especially that reinforced with waste materials provided a significant improvement in CBR strength. For submerged conditions, the best performance was observed from the specimens treated with chemical additives. 10% of cement reinforcement and 20% of waste materials provide the highest resistance against the freeze–thaw cycles.

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Characteristics of Mixed Porus Asphalt with Combination of LDPE, CPO and PEN 60/70

International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology ◽

10.52088/ijesty.v1i4.146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Meidia Refiyanni ◽

Chaira Chaira

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Test Results ◽

Porous Asphalt ◽

The Road ◽

Road Pavement ◽

Asphalt Content ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

The Second Variation

The quality of the road depends on the pavement, drainage conditions, and materials. For this reason, it is necessary to make innovations in improving the quality of road pavement, one of which is increasing the material. There are many types of pavements, one of which is porous asphalt pavement. Porous asphalt has many cavities that is easy for water to pass but has a low stability value with high permeability. This research will utilize Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE), as an additive, CPO, and Pen 60/70 in a porous asphalt mixture. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the porous asphalt mixture by substituting LDPE and CPO for Pen 60/70. The method used in analyzing the characteristics of the porous asphalt mixture refers to the specifications of the Australis Asphalt Pavement Association (AAPA) (2014), with parameters Camtabro Loss (CL), Asphalt Flow Down (AFD), VIM, stability and flow. The gradation used in this study is an open gradation. This research was started from determining the value of Optimum Asphalt Content (KAO), with two variations, namely Variation 1 (1% LDPE, 10% CPO, 89% pen 60/70), variation 2 (5% LDPE, 10% CPO, 85% Pens 60/70). The KAO value of variation 1 is 5.03% and the second variation is 4.75%. After obtaining the KAO value, LDPE and CPO are substituted. The test results for the porous asphalt mixture for CL values were 34.12% and 27.07%, respectively; AFD value of 0.13% and 0.12%; for the VIM value of 14.90% and 19.03%; stability value 603.24 kg and 603.19 kg; and flow values are 5.03 mm and 4.80 mm. In general, the value obtained from the test meets the required requirements. However, the durability value of the mixture did not meet the requirements, namely 60.15% and 48.22%, with the condition >90%.

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KARAKTERISITIK MEKANIS CAMPURAN LASTON ATAS DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SERAT KARBON

JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil ◽

10.24912/jmts.v3i3.8318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 613

Author(s):

Ewaldo Tanton ◽

Anissa Noor Tajudin

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Narrow Range ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Test Results ◽

Road Pavement ◽

Directorate General ◽

Asphalt Content ◽

The Stability ◽

The Cost

The increasing number of vehicles but not followed by increasing the quality of pavement will cause many roads to be damaged. One of the efforts to improve the quality of road pavement is by adding various additional ingredients. For this research the method of mixing asphalt with carbon fiber uses the Dry-Mix method, where carbon fiber is directly mixed when cooking asphalt. By using a variation of 0,1%; 0,2%; 0,3% and 0,4% carbon fiber, and with asphalt content of 5,7%. After obtaining asphalt mixture data, the research continued to determine the optimum carbon fiber content using the narrow range method. Then proceed to change the stability of Marshall into modulus then included in the KENPAVE program. Then the test results can be seen in the Nd and Nf values and the Nr value requirement of <2, which values are based on General Specifications of the Directorate General of Highways 2017 Edition. The results of this study have met all the requirements that have been set and based on the value of Nd and Nf it can be concluded that the use of carbon fiber asphalt mixture additives can be used in an effort to reduce the cost of asphalt treatment.ABSTRAKPeningkatan jumlah kendaraan namun tidak diikuti dengan peningkatan kualitas perkerasan jalan akan menyebabkan banyak jalan yang mengalami kerusakan. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas perkerasan jalan adalah dengan menambahkan bahan tambah yang bervariasi. Untuk penelitian ini cara pencampuran aspal dengan serat karbon menggunakan metode Dry-Mix, dimana serat karbon secara langsung dicampurkan pada saat memasak aspal. Dengan menggunakan variasi kadar serat karbon 0,1%; 0,2%; 0,3% dan 0,4%, serta dengan kadar aspal 5,7%. Setelah didapatkan data campuran aspal penelitian dilanjutkan untuk menentukan kadar serat karbon optimum dengan metode Narrow Range. Kemudian dilanjutkan mengubah stabilitas Marshall menjadi modulus kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam program KENPAVE. Kemudian hasil pengujian tersebut dapat dilihat pada nilai Nd dan Nf dan syarat nilai Nr yaitu <2, yang dimana nilai-nilai tersebut berdasarkan Spesifikasi Umum Direktorat Jendral Bina Marga Edisi 2017. Hasil dari penelitian ini telah memenuhi seluruh syarat yang telah ditetapkan dan berasarkan nilai Nd dan Nf dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan serat karbon terhadap bahan tambahan campuran aspal dapat digunakan dalam usaha mengurangi biaya perawatan aspal.

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Ground water quality of selected areas of Punjab and Sind Provinces, Pakistan: Chemical and microbiological aspects

10.31221/osf.io/wns25 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Ionic Concentration ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Potassium Ions ◽

Ammonium Ions ◽

High Concentration ◽

Phosphate Ions ◽

Sodium Magnesium ◽

Very High ◽

Microbiological Aspects

The assessment of groundwater is essential for the estimation of suitability of water for safe use. An attempt has been made to study the groundwater of selected areas of Punjab (Sheikhupura & Sahiwal) and Sindh (Sindh, Jawar Dharki and Dharki), Pakistan. The results indicate that pH, color and odor were all within limits of WHO that is pH ranges 6.5–8.5, colorless and odorless, respectively. The high values of suspended solids were observed in the Sindh-1 and Dharki samples. Microbiologically only Sahiwal and Jawar Dharki were found fit for drinking purpose. Trace metals analysis of Sheikhupura-1 and Sindh-1 showed that values do not fall within limits of WHO for Iron. The ionic concentration analysis showed that high bicarbonate (HCO3-), ions are present in the samples of Sahiwal and Dharki; Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki samples showed very high concentration for chloride ions, all samples were satisfactory level for sulphate (SO42-), sodium, magnesium and phosphate ions except samples of Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki. High concentration of calcium and potassium ions was observed in samples of Sindh-1, while all other samples were found fit for drinking purposes in respect of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ions. The high concentration of Fluoride was found only in Sheikhupura-2 samples.

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Optimization of the Production Process and Product Quality of Titanate Nanotube–Drug Composites

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9101406 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1406 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yasmin Ranjous ◽

Géza Regdon ◽

Klára Pintye-Hódi ◽

Tamás Varga ◽

Imre Szenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Good Solubility ◽

Composite Formation ◽

Alternative Materials ◽

High Volatility ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Fast Disintegrating Tablets ◽

As Solubility ◽

Properties Of Composites

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the application of nanotubular structures for drug delivery. There are several promising results with carbon nanotubes; however, in light of some toxicity issues, the search for alternative materials has come into focus. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the applied solvent on the composite formation of titanate nanotubes (TNTs) with various drugs in order to improve their pharmacokinetics, such as solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Composites were formed by the dissolution of atenolol (ATN) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in ethanol, methanol, 0.01 M hydrochloric acid or in ethanol, 1M sodium hydroxide, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively, and then they were mixed with a suspension of TNTs under sonication for 30 min and vacuum-dried for 24 h. The structural properties of composites were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and optical contact angle (OCA) measurements. Drug release was determined from the fast disintegrating tablets using a dissolution tester coupled with a UV–Vis spectrometer. The results revealed that not only the good solubility of the drug in the applied solvent, but also the high volatility of the solvent, is necessary for an optimal composite-formation process.

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Quality-of-Life Measurement in Advanced Cancer: Assessing the Individual

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1999.17.11.3603 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 3603-3611 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Dympna Waldron ◽

Ciaran A. O'Boyle ◽

Michael Kearney ◽

Michael Moriarty ◽

Desmond Carney

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Advanced Cancer ◽

Internal Validity ◽

Semistructured Interview ◽

Incurable Cancer ◽

Life Measurement ◽

The Difference ◽

The Individual ◽

Very High

PURPOSE: Despite the increasing importance of assessing quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced cancer, relatively little is known about individual patient's perceptions of the issues contributing to their QoL. The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL) and the shorter SEIQoL–Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) assess individualized QoL using a semistructured interview technique. Here we report findings from the first administration of the SEIQoL and SEIQoL-DW to patients with advanced incurable cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: QoL was assessed on a single occasion using the SEIQoL and SEIQoL-DW in 80 patients with advanced incurable cancer. RESULTS: All patients were able to complete the SEIQoL-DW, and 78% completed the SEIQoL. Of a possible score of 100, the median QoL global score was as follows: SEIQoL, 61 (range, 24 to 94); SEIQoL-DW, 60.5 (range, 6 to 95). Psychometric data for SEIQoL indicated very high levels of internal consistency (median r = .90) and internal validity (median R2 = 0.88). Patients' judgments of their QoL were unique to the individual. Family concerns were almost universally rated as more important than health, the difference being significant when measured using the SEIQoL-DW (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced incurable cancer were very good judges of their QoL, and many patients rated their QoL as good. Judgments were highly individual, with very high levels of consistency and validity. The primacy given to health in many QoL questionnaires may be questioned in this population. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to clinical assessment and advance directives.

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Galileo L10 Satellites: Orbit, Clock and Signal-in-Space Performance Analysis

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051695 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1695

Author(s):

Constantin-Octavian Andrei ◽

Sonja Lahtinen ◽

Markku Poutanen ◽

Hannu Koivula ◽

Jan Johansson

Keyword(s):

Performance Indicators ◽

Satellite System ◽

Short Term ◽

Orbital Inclination ◽

Navigation Data ◽

Periodic Signals ◽

Global Navigation Satellite ◽

Minor Correction ◽

Very High

The tenth launch (L10) of the European Global Navigation Satellite System Galileo filled in all orbital slots in the constellation. The launch carried four Galileo satellites and took place in July 2018. The satellites were declared operational in February 2019. In this study, we report on the performance of the Galileo L10 satellites in terms of orbital inclination and repeat period parameters, broadcast satellite clocks and signal in space (SiS) performance indicators. We used all available broadcast navigation data from the IGS consolidated navigation files. These satellites have not been reported in the previous studies. First, the orbital inclination (56.7±0.15°) and repeat period (50680.7±0.22 s) for all four satellites are within the nominal values. The data analysis reveals also 13.5-, 27-, 177- and 354-days periodic signals. Second, the broadcast satellite clocks show different correction magnitude due to different trends in the bias component. One clock switch and several other minor correction jumps have occurred since the satellites were declared operational. Short-term discontinuities are within ±1 ps/s, whereas clock accuracy values are constantly below 0.20 m (root-mean-square—rms). Finally, the SiS performance has been very high in terms of availability and accuracy. Monthly SiS availability has been constantly above the target value of 87% and much higher in 2020 as compared to 2019. Monthly SiS accuracy has been below 0.20 m (95th percentile) and below 0.40 m (99th percentile). The performance figures depend on the content and quality of the consolidated navigation files as well as the precise reference products. Nevertheless, these levels of accuracy are well below the 7 m threshold (95th percentile) specified in the Galileo service definition document.

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Preliminary evaluation for quality of dimension lumber in four common softwoods in Mongolia

Journal of Wood Science ◽

10.1186/s10086-020-01919-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Murzabyek Sarkhad ◽

Futoshi Ishiguri ◽

Ikumi Nezu ◽

Bayasaa Tumenjargal ◽

Yusuke Takahashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Bending Properties ◽

Picea Obovata ◽

Dimension Lumber ◽

Commercial Species ◽

Characteristic Values

Abstract The quality of dimension lumber (2 by 4 lumber) was preliminarily investigated in four common Mongolian softwoods: Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Picea obovata Ledeb., and Larix sibirica Ledeb. to produce high quality dimension lumber for structural use. In total 61, 39, 67, and 37 pieces of lumber were prepared for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and L. sibirica, respectively. The lumber was visually graded and then tested in static bending to obtain the 5% lower tolerance limits at 75% confidence level (f0.05) of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR). In addition, the effects of sawing patterns on bending properties were also analyzed. The f0.05 of the MOE and MOR were 4.75 GPa and 15.6 MPa, 3.39 GPa and 11.0 MPa, 3.78 GPa and 11.7 MPa, and 6.07 GPa and 22.3 MPa for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and L. sibirica, respectively. These results suggested that with a few exceptions, characteristic values of MOR in the four common Mongolian softwoods resembled those in similar commercial species already used. In visual grading, over 80% of total lumber was assigned to select structural and No. 1 grades in Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sibirica, whereas approximately 40% of total lumber in L. sibirica was No. 3 and out of grades. Sawing patterns affected bending properties in Pinus sylvestris and L. sibirica, but did not affect Pinus sibirica and Picea obovata. Dynamic Young's modulus was significantly correlated with bending properties of dimension lumber for the four species. Based on the results, it was concluded that dimension lumber for structural use can be produced from the four common Mongolian softwoods.

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Clinical profiles and quality of care of subjects with type 2 diabetes according to their cardiovascular risk: an observational, retrospective study

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-021-01251-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Basilio Pintaudi ◽

Alessia Scatena ◽

Gabriella Piscitelli ◽

Vera Frison ◽

Salvatore Corrao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Quality Of Care ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

High Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Very High

Abstract Background The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recently defined cardiovascular risk classes for subjects with diabetes. Aim of this study was to explore the distribution of subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by cardiovascular risk groups according to the ESC classification and to describe the quality indicators of care, with particular regard to cardiovascular risk factors. Methods The study is based on data extracted from electronic medical records of patients treated at the 258 Italian diabetes centers participating in the AMD Annals initiative. Patients with T2D were stratified by cardiovascular risk. General descriptive indicators, measures of intermediate outcomes, intensity/appropriateness of pharmacological treatment for diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors, presence of other complications and overall quality of care were evaluated. Results Overall, 473,740 subjects with type 2 diabetes (78.5% at very high cardiovascular risk, 20.9% at high risk and 0.6% at moderate risk) were evaluated. Among people with T2D at very high risk: 26.4% had retinopathy, 39.5% had albuminuria, 18.7% had a previous major cardiovascular event, 39.0% had organ damage, 89.1% had three or more risk factors. The use of DPP4-i markedly increased as cardiovascular risk increased. The prescription of secretagogues also increased and that of GLP1-RAs tended to increase. The use of SGLT2-i was still limited, and only slightly higher in subjects with very high cardiovascular risk. The overall quality of care, as summarized by the Q score, tended to be lower as the level of cardiovascular risk increased. Conclusions A large proportion of subjects with T2D is at high or very high risk. Glucose-lowering drug therapies seem not to be adequately used with respect to their potential advantages in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction. Several actions are necessary to improve the quality of care.

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