8. Does Oxidative Stress Function as a Biomarker of Environmental Mercury Contamination in Double-Crested Cormorant?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Gavia Immer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Mercury is a widespread contaminant that has been shown to induce a wide range of adverse health effects in several animal species including changes in gene expression. This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between environmental mercury exposure and oxidative stress induction in the blood of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Blood was sampled at five sites across Central and Southern Ontario ranging from low to high risk of mercury contamination and was analyzed for total mercury concentration. To assess cellular oxidative stress, the expression of glutathione peroxidases 1 and 3, glutathione S-transferase µ3, superoxide dismutase 1 and heat-shock protein 70 kd-8 were measured in whole blood samples. Preliminary results indicate that erythrocyte mercury concentrations ranged from 5.0 to 27.3 µg/g dry weight. Mean (± standard error) site-specific erythrocyte mercury concentrations ranged from 9.0 ± 3.6 µg/g dry weight in Lake Erie to 17.5 ± 4.2 µg/g dry weight in Lake Nipissing. Approximately 27% of the birds exceeded the threshold concentration for adverse effects in another piscivorous bird, the common loon (Gavia immer). Results of gene expression analysis will be discussed in relation to mercury concentration. Our study will help to develop an understanding of the interactions of environmental mercury exposure and oxidative stress-related gene expression and will contribute to the development of sub lethal biomarkers for mercury toxicity in wild aquatic piscivorous birds.

scholarly journals Targeting ROS/NF-κB sigaling pathway by the seedless black Vitis vinifera polyphenols in CCl4-intoxicated kidney, lung, brain, and spleen in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha H. Habashy ◽  
Ahmad S. Kodous ◽  
Marwa M. Abu-Serie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractCarbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an abundant environmental pollutant that can generate free radicals and induce oxidative stress in different human and animal organs like the kidney, lung, brain, and spleen, causing toxicity. The present study evaluated the alleviative mechanism of the isolated polyphenolic fraction from seedless (pulp and skin) black Vitis vinifera (VVPF) on systemic oxidative and necroinflammatory stress in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Here, we found that the administration of VVPF to CCl4-intoxicated rats for ten days was obviously ameliorated the CCl4-induced systemic elevation in ROS, NO and TBARS levels, as well as MPO activity. Also, it upregulated the cellular activities of the enzymatic (SOD, and GPx) and non-enzymatic (TAC and GSH) antioxidants. Furthermore, the gene expression of the ROS-related necroinflammatory mediators (NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α) in the kidney, brain, and spleen, as well as IL-1β, and IL-8 in the lung were greatly restored. The histopathological studies confirmed these biochemical results and showed a noticeable enhancing effect in the architecture of the studied organs after VVPF intake. Thus, this study indicated that VVPF had an alleviative effect on CCl4-induced necroinflammation and oxidative stress in rat kidney, lung, brain, and spleen via controlling the ROS/NF-κB pathway.

scholarly journals Tamoxifen and oxidative stress: an overlooked connection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermin S. Ahmed ◽  
Marek Samec ◽  
Alena Liskova ◽  
Peter Kubatka ◽  
Luciano Saso
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Apoptotic Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractTamoxifen is the gold standard drug for the treatment of breast cancer in pre and post-menopausal women. Its journey from a failing contraceptive to a blockbuster is an example of pharmaceutical innovation challenges. Tamoxifen has a wide range of pharmacological activities; a drug that was initially thought to work via a simple Estrogen receptor (ER) mechanism was proven to mediate its activity through several non-ER mechanisms. Here in we review the previous literature describing ER and non-ER targets of tamoxifen, we highlighted the overlooked connection between tamoxifen, tamoxifen apoptotic effects and oxidative stress.

Mercury Exposure and Endothelial Dysfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Omanwar ◽  
M. Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Vascular endothelium plays a vital role in the organization and function of the blood vessel and maintains homeostasis of the circulatory system and normal arterial function. Functional disruption of the endothelium is recognized as the beginning event that triggers the development of consequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) including atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. There is a growing data associating mercury exposure with endothelial dysfunction and higher risk of CVD. This review explores and evaluates the impact of mercury exposure on CVD and endothelial function, highlighting the interplay of nitric oxide and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Alteration of Gene Expression Profile in Niemann-Pick Type C Mice Correlates with Tissue Damage and Oxidative Stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e28777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Vázquez ◽  
Talía del Pozo ◽  
Fermín A. Robledo ◽  
Gonzalo Carrasco ◽  
Leonardo Pavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Type C ◽  
Niemann Pick ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Maternal Urinary Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in Association with Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Pahriya Ashrap ◽  
Deborah J. Watkins ◽  
Ginger L. Milne ◽  
Kelly K. Ferguson ◽  
Rita Loch-Caruso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Male Fetus ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Metal exposure has been associated with a wide range of adverse birth outcomes and oxidative stress is a leading hypothesis of the mechanism of action of metal toxicity. We assessed the relationship between maternal exposure to essential and non-essential metals and metalloids in pregnancy and oxidative stress markers, and sought to identify windows of vulnerability and effect modification by fetal sex. In our analysis of 215 women from the PROTECT birth cohort study, we measured 14 essential and non-essential metals in urine samples at three time points during pregnancy. The oxidative stress marker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and its metabolite 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-15-F2t-IsoP, as well as prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), were also measured in the same urine samples. Using linear mixed models, we examined the main effects of metals on markers of oxidative stress as well as the visit-specific and fetal sex-specific effects. After adjustment for covariates, we found that a few urinary metal concentrations, most notably cesium (Cs) and copper (Cu), were associated with higher 8-iso-PGF2α with effect estimates ranging from 7.3 to 14.9% for each interquartile range, increase in the metal concentration. The effect estimates were generally in the same direction at the three visits and a few were significant only among women carrying a male fetus. Our data show that higher urinary metal concentrations were associated with elevated biomarkers of oxidative stress. Our results also indicate a potential vulnerability of women carrying a male fetus.

scholarly journals Assessment of Human Skin Gene Expression by Different Blends of Plant Extracts with Implications to Periorbital Skin Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Namkoong ◽  
Dale Kern ◽  
Helen Knaggs
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Since the skin is the major protective barrier of the body, it is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Environmental influences such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, pollution or dry/cold air are involved in the generation of radical oxygen species (ROS) and impact skin aging and dermal health. Assessment of human skin gene expression and other biomarkers including epigenetic factors are used to evaluate the biological/molecular activities of key compounds in cosmetic formulas. The objective of this study was to quantify human gene expression when epidermal full-thickness skin equivalents were exposed to: (a) a mixture of betaine, pentylene glycol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodiola rosea root extract (BlendE) for antioxidant, skin barrier function and oxidative stress (with hydrogen peroxide challenge); and (b) a mixture of Narcissus tazetta bulb extract and Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (BlendIP) for various biomarkers and microRNA analysis. For BlendE, several antioxidants, protective oxidative stress biomarkers and many skin barrier function parameters were significantly increased. When BlendE was evaluated, the negative impact of the hydrogen peroxide was significantly reduced for the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 3 and MMP 12), the skin aging and oxidative stress biomarkers, namely FBN2, ANXA1 and HGF. When BlendIP was tested for cell proliferation and dermal structural components to enhance the integrity of the skin around the eyes: 8 growth factors, 7 signaling, 7 structural/barrier function and 7 oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly increased. Finally, when BlendIP was tested via real-time RT-PCR for microRNA expression: miR-146a, miR-22, miR155, miR16 and miR21 were all significantly increased over control levels. Therefore, human skin gene expression studies are important tools to assess active ingredient compounds such as plant extract blends to advance dermal hypotheses toward validating cosmetic formulations with botanical molecules.

scholarly journals Simultaneous miRNA and mRNA Transcriptome Profiling of Differentiating Equine Satellite Cells Treated with Gamma-Oryzanol and Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1871
Author(s):  
Karolina Chodkowska ◽  
Anna Ciecierska ◽  
Kinga Majchrzak ◽  
Piotr Ostaszewski ◽  
Tomasz Sadkowski
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mirna Gene ◽  
Gamma Oryzanol ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Gamma-oryzanol (GO) is a popular supplement for performance horses, dogs, and humans. Previous studies indicated that GO supplementation decreases creatine kinase activity and lactate level after exercise and may affect oxidative stress in Thoroughbred horses. GO may change genes expression in equine satellite cells (ESC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of GO on miRNA, gene expression, oxidative stress, and cell damage and viability in differentiating ESC pretreated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ESCs were obtained from a young horse’s skeletal muscle. ESCs were pre-incubated with GO (24 h) and then exposed to H2O2 for one hour. For the microRNA and gene expression assessment, the microarray technique was used. Identified miRNAs and genes were validated using real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Several tests related to cell viability, cell damage, and oxidative stress were performed. The microarray analysis revealed differences in 17 miRNAs and 202 genes between GO-treated and control ESC. The tests related to apoptosis, cell viability, and oxidative stress showed that GO affects these processes to varying degrees. Our results suggest that GO can change miRNA and gene expression and may impact the processes involved in tissue repairing after an injury.

scholarly journals Apiaceae as an Important Source of Antioxidants and Their Applications

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Punniamoorthy Thiviya ◽  
Ashoka Gamage ◽  
Dinushika Piumali ◽  
Othmane Merah ◽  
Terrence Madhujith
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ascorbic Acids ◽  
Beauty Care ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The excess level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disturbs the oxidative balance leading to oxidative stress, which, in turn, causes diabetes mellites, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. These effects of ROS and oxidative stress can be balanced by dietary antioxidants. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the use of herbal products for personal and beauty care. The Apiaceae (previously Umbelliferae) family is a good source of antioxidants, predominantly phenolic compounds, therefore, widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cosmeceutical, flavor, and perfumery industries. These natural antioxidants include polyphenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and ascorbic acids, and exhibit a wide range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis, and anticancer. This review discusses the Apiaceae family plants as an important source of antioxidants their therapeutic value and the use in cosmetics.

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