scholarly journals Inability of healthy subjects to deposit potassium during hypokinesia and potassium supplementation

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan G Zorbas ◽  
Kostas K Kakuris ◽  
Yuri F Federenko ◽  
Viktor A Deogenov
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Potassium Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
K Concentration

Objective: To determine the effect of potassium (K+) supplementation and hypokinesia (HK; diminished movement) on muscle K+ content and K+ loss. Methods: Studies were conducted on 40 healthy male volunteers during a pre-experimental period of 30 days and an experimental-period of 364 days. Volunteers were equally divided into four groups: unsupplemented control subjects (UCS), unsupplemented experimental subjects (UES), supplemented control subjects (SCS), and supplemented experimental subjects (SES). A daily supplement of 1.17 mmol potassium-chloride (KCl) per kg body weight was given to the subjects in the SCS and SES groups. Results: Muscle K+ content decreased (P < 0.05), and plasma K+ concentration, and K+ loss in urine and feces increased (P < 0.05) in the SES and UES groups compared with their pre-experimental levels and the values in their respective control groups (SCS and UCS). Muscle K+ content decreased more (P < 0.05), and plasma K+ concentration and K+ loss in urine and feces increased more (P < 0.05) in the SES group than in the UES group. Conclusion: Muscle K+ content is not decreased by the K+ deficient diet and K+ loss is not increased by the higher muscle K+ content in the body. Rather it is caused by the inability of the body to use K+ during HK and K+ supplementation.

scholarly journals Magnesium loss in magnesium deficient subjects with and without physical exercise during prolonged hypokinesia

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas B. Tsiamis ◽  
Kostas K. Kakuris ◽  
Viktor A. Deogenov ◽  
Kosmas B. Yerullis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Male Volunteers ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Magnesium Loss

Objective: To show the effect of hypokinesia (HK; diminished movement) on magnesium (Mg2+) loss in Mg2+ deficient subjects and the effect of physical exercise and on Mg2+ deficiency with and without physical exercise: Mg2+ balance, serum Mg2+ concentration and Mg2+ loss were measured. Methods: Studies were conducted on 30 healthy male volunteers during a pre-experimental period of 30 days and an experimental period of 364 days. They were divided equally into three-groups: unrestricted active control subjects (UACS), continuous hypokinetic subjects (CHKS) and periodic hypokinetic subjects (PHKS). The UACS group ran average distances of 9.3 ± 1.2 km.day-l; the CHKS group walked average distances of 0.9 ± 0.2 km.day-l; and the PHKS group walked and ran average distances of 0.9 ± 0.2 km and 9.3 ± 1.2 km.day-l for 5-and 2-days per week, respectively. Results: Mg2+ deficiency, serum Mg2+ level, fecal and urine Mg2+ loss increased (P < 0.05), in the PHKS and CHKS groups compared with their pre-experimental values and the values in the UACS group. However, serum Mg2+ concentration, urine and fecal Mg2+ loss and Mg2+ deficiency increased more (P < 0.05) in the PHKS group than in the CHKS group. Conclusions: Mg2+ deficiency is more evident with than without physical exercise and Mg2+ loss is exacerbated more with higher than lower Mg2+ deficiency. This indicates that Mg2+ deficiency with and without physical exercise and Mg2+ loss with higher and lower Mg2+ deficiency is due to inability of the body to use Mg2+ and more so when physically healthy subjects are submitted to prolonged periodic than continuous hypokinesia.

scholarly journals Phosphate balance in phosphate supplemented and unsupplemented health subjects during and after hypokinesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas K Kakuris ◽  
Kosmas B Yerullis ◽  
Eugenios A Afoninos ◽  
Andrei K Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Active Controls

Objective: To demonstrate the effect of hypokinesia (HK) and post-HK on phosphate (Pi) imbalance and use of Pi with different Pi imbalance and different Pi consumption: were measured Pi balance, plasma Pi level and Pi loss during HK. Methods: Experiments were conducted during the pre-experimental period of 30 days, and the HK period of 364-days and post-HK period of 30-days. Forty healthy male volunteers 24.2 ± 2.0 yr, were divided into four groups: unsupplemented active control subjects (UACS), unsupplemented hypokinetic subjects (UHKS), supplemented active control subjects (SACS), and supplemented hypokinetic subjects (SHKS). All SACS and SHKS were supplemented with 0.6 mmol dicalcium-phosphate per kg body weight daily. Results: During HK, Pi imbalance, serum Pi and calcium (Ca2+) levels, fecal Pi loss, and urine Ca2+ and Pi loss increased (P < 0.05) in SHKS and UHKS compared with pre-experimental values and the values in their respective active controls (SACS and UACS). The measured parameters were changed (P < 0.05) more in SHKS than in UHKS. During the initial 20-days of post-HK, serum Pi and Ca2+ levels, fecal P loss, and urine Pi and Ca2+ losses decreased (P < 0.05), while Pi imbalance remained (P < 0.05) depressed in SHKS and UHKS compared with UACS and SACS. The measured parameters were changed (P < 0.05) more in SHKS than in UHKS. Conclusion: The greater Pi imbalance with than without Pi supplementation shows that the risk of higher Pi imbalance is directly related to the magnitude of Pi intake. The higher Pi loss with higher than lower Pi imbalance shows that the risk of greater Pi loss is directly related to the magnitude of Pi imbalance. It is concluded that Pi imbalance increases more when the Pi consumption is higher and that Pi loss increases more with higher than lower Pi imbalance indicating that during HK Pi imbalance is due to the inability of the body to use Pi but not to the Pi shortage in the diet.

scholarly journals Effect of sodium and potassium supplementation on accumulation and excretion of radiocaesium in reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise-Charlotte Birke ◽  
Øyvind Pedersen ◽  
Knut Hove ◽  
Hans Staaland
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Potassium Supplementation ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

We tested the effect of sodium and potassium supplementation on radiocaesium excretion and accumulation in reindeer eating lichens (winter diet). Nine reindeer were divided into 3 groups of 3 animals. One group was daily given 0.35 M KC1, one was given 0.35 M NaCl (both dissolved in 1 1 water), and one group was kept as a control with no mineral supplement. The animals were contaminated with 137Cs from radioactive pasture. During 3 weeks before the experiment the 137Cs concentrations were maintained by daily supplementation of 157Cs sprayed on lichens. From the start of the experimental period the animals received identical large daily doses of I34CsCl. Animals which were given KCl supplementation showed a lower accumulation of 134Cs in red blood cells (RBC) and a faster decrease of 137Cs in RBC than control animals. Sodiumchloride supplementation had no clear effects on radiocaesium concentrations in RBC. Mineral supplements did not affect excretion of radiocaesium via faeces. Supplement of KCl or NaCl increased urine production and the amount of radiocaesium excreted via the urine. It is concluded that increased K intake decreases the radiocaesium concentration in the animals more than is explained by increased urine production alone. This supports the theory that increased K concentration in the diet may contribute to a fast elimination of radiocaesium in reindeer during spring.

scholarly journals Bio protectors’ effect on the composition of some amino acids under alcohol-induced oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Liliia Kalachniuk ◽  
Petro Fedyshyn ◽  
Oleh Smirnov ◽  
Viktoriia Prys-Kadenko ◽  
Roman Palonko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Spectrum

The studies, which may reveal some elements of regulation between the metabolic processes of proteins (at the level of translation and changes in the amino acid spectrum) as well as catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates under conditions of pathological deviations of the functioning of the animal organism, are promising, and the search for protective substances of a different nature is necessary. The aim is to study and analyze a bio protectors’ effect on the composition of some amino acids under alcohol-induced oxidative stress. During the experimental period, changes in the body weight of rats confirm the depressant effect of alcohol on the dynamics of weight gain of animals during their growth and development, and the positive protective effect of betaine and additives (protein+minerals). The increased activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase in the blood serum of rats in experimental groups of animals with the absence of protectors’ substances in the diet indicates a deviation in the functional capacity of the liver. The determined indices of the content of creatinine and urea were increased significantly that points out on possible pathological deviation of the kidney. Under alcohol substances, changes of such biochemical indexes value as lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and the content of malonic dialdehyde indicate oxidative stress. In the case of bio protectors’ presence, values of biochemical parameters become to ones in the animals of control groups. It was observed, that betaine has a higher potential for the correction of the above pathological abnormalities than protein-containing additives with minerals in the form of chelate, but the last is perspective for further study and their use as a raw material for the development of more complex bio protectors

scholarly journals Antioxidant Status of Breast, Cervical and Ovarian Cancer Patients at Various Menopausal Stages in Lagos State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
E. I. Ayo ◽  
M. F. Asaolu ◽  
O. G. Oyebanji ◽  
I. Akinlua ◽  
A. A. Sonuga
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Lagos State

Cancer is a collection of diseases which involves the abnormal growth of cells with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. The aim of this study is to access the antioxidant status of women with female predominant cancer (breast, cervical and ovarian) in relationship with their menopausal stages. Blood samples were collected from 180 freshly diagnosed female patients of breast, cervical and ovarian cancer at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Idi- Araba, Mushin, Lagos and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja, Lagos and 60 relatively healthy subjects at different menopausal stages. Serum catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activites, Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Vitamin C and E concentrations were evaluated in subject’s blood sample using standard established methods. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (p<0.05). However, the results of the female cancer patients at each menopausal stage were compared to premenopausal, menopausal and postmenopausal control groups, while the results obtained from the menopausal and postmenopausal control subjects were compared to the premenopausal control subjects. There was significant decrease (p<0.05) in the activities of CAT, SOD and in the concentrations of GSH, Vitamins C and E in all the menopausal stages when compared to the control groups. However, MDA concentrations showed significant increase (p<0.05) in all the menopausal stages in comparison to the corresponding control groups. These findings suggest that cancer patients might be at risk from oxidative cell damage. Therefore, further research is required in this field with a view of improving the management of cancers predominant in females.

Evaluation of Renal Function of Apparently Healthy Male Cannabis Smokers of College of Health Sciences, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Analike Rosemary Adamma ◽  
Emekwue Loveth ◽  
Ogbodo Emmanuel Chukwuemeka ◽  
Ezeugwunne Ifeoma Priscilla ◽  
Onoh Joy Obioma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The use of Cannabis sativa is on the increase worldwide especially among adolescents and youths. This study investigated the effect of cannabis smoking on renal functions in young and apparently healthy male students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi campus, Anambra state, Nigeria. A total of 60 male (40 cannabis smokers and 20 controls) subjects participated in this study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic data and anthropometric of subjects. Thereafter, 5mls of fasting blood sample was collected from the subjects into plain container for the estimation of biochemical parameters (creatinine, urea, uric acid, electrolytes). Renal parameters were estimated using standard methods. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using paired student t-test and pearson r correlation. Result showed that the mean serum levels of urea, creatinine, K+, Na+, Cl-, ionized calcium, total calcium, total carbon dioxide, anion gap, and pH were not significantly different in both smokers and control subjects(p>0.05). However, there was significantly higher mean serum level of uric acid (2.42 ± 38.54 vs 1.92 ± 41.61; p<0.05) and total calcium (16.0 ± 0.30 vs 10.24 ± 0.18; p<0.05) in smokers compared with control subjects. Again, BMI was significantly higher in smokers compared with non-smokers (23.96 ± 3.15; p<0.05 Vs 21.95 ± 2.17; p<0.05). Therefore, cannabis use had no deleterious effect on the kidneys, but the significantly higher uric acid levels in the smokers may provide some anti-oxidant protection. However, further studies are necessary to further unravel the full potentials of cannabis use.

Fournier’s gangrene due to Salmonella Typhimurium in a healthy male: a rare aberrant infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Gupta ◽  
Lipika Singhal ◽  
Kritika Pal ◽  
Mani Bhushan ◽  
Rajeev Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Fournier’S Gangrene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Fournier's Gangrene ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Human Infections

Introduction: Human Salmonella infections have been classically distinguised into diseases caused by typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonella (NTS). Typhiodal salmonella includes S. enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi that cause the systemic disease but are restricted to human infections, while NTS consists mainly of other serovars that predominantly cause self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. Localisation of foci with persisting infection occurs due to dissemination of the bacteria throughout the body and can cause a variety of rare clinical syndromes at aberrant sites. Fournier’s gangrene, a rapidly progressive, often fatal, necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia and perineum due to Salmonella Typhimurium, is a rare manifestation and has never been reported. Case: A 22-year-old male, apparently healthy patient with no relevant past medical history presented to surgical emergency with chief complaints of swelling of bilateral scrotal area. Infective etiology was considered and a diagnosis of fournier’s gangrene was made. Pure growth of Salmonella Typhimurium was obtained after repeated subculture and was identified biochemically and on serotyping, as Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium using specific antisera. Conclusion: In our case report, we describe a case of fournier’s gangrene due to Salmonella Typhimurium in an otherwise healthy male to highlight the unusual presentation of Non typhoidal salmonellae at an aberrant site. We also emphasize the importance of using selective media like Selenite F broth for isolation of Salmonella Typhimurium from a pus sample.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Dietary protease supplementation on growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea of nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Jorge Y Perez-Palencia ◽  
David A Clizer ◽  
Christian Ramirez-Camba ◽  
Ryan S Samuel ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effect of dietary protease supplementation on pig’s growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea in a 43-d trial. A total of 936 weaned pigs [21 d of age, initial BW 5.87 ± 0.31 kg] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 nutritional levels × 2 protease levels). The nutritional levels corresponded to a standard feeding program and a reduced feeding program (15% lower SID Lys) and without or with protease supplementation (0.0125% inclusion). Piglets were distributed in 36 pens with 26 pigs per pen and 9 replicates per dietary treatment. Pigs received a common Phase 1 diet and experimental diets in Phase 2, 3, and 4, (0.91, 3.4, 4.5, and 24.0 kg/pig, respectively). Phytase was included at 2,500 U in Phase 2 – 4, all diets met energy and AA:Lys requirements for nursery pigs. Feed intake and body weight were determined every 2 weeks. A pen fecal score assessment was performed at d7, 10, and 14. Performance data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure and fecal score data using the PROC FREQ procedure (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). No significant interactions (P &gt; 0.05) were observed between dietary treatments. From d15 to 43 and during overall experimental period, pigs fed standard diets had greater BW, ADG, and G:F (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed deficient diets (Table 1). On d7, pigs fed deficient diet had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) soft and watery feces, and consequently less normal feces compared to pigs fed standard diets (Figure 1). On d7, 10, and 14, pigs fed diets with protease supplementation had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) normal feces compared to control pigs. Overall, effects of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance were not expressive under the conditions of this study but protease addition benefited intestinal health of nursery pigs.

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