scholarly journals Gambaran Pasien Tuli Mendadak di Bagian THT-KL RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedo Hidayat ◽  
Yan Edward ◽  
Noza Hilbertina
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Sudden Deafness ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hearing Improvement ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

AbstrakTuli mendadak adalah penurunan pendengaran sensorineural yang berlangsung dalam waktu kurang dari 72 jam. Penyakit ini merupakan salah satu kegawatdaruratan neurotologi dan memerlukan penatalaksanaan dini untuk menghindari kecacatan yang dapat ditimbulkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat gambaran kejadian tuli mendadak di Bagian THT-KL RSUP Dr. M.Djamil. Ini merupakan penelititan deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medik di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang selama tahun 2010 sampai tahun 2013. Didapatkan hasil sebanyak 26 kasus yang masuk kriteria inklusi pada periode tersebut. Sebaran umur penderita dari 8 sampai 79 tahun, dengan distribusi terbanyak pada usia 40 – 60 tahun. Faktor resiko yang ditemukan berupa hipertensi dan diabetes melitus sama besar yaitu 11,54%. Gejala klinis terdiri atas tinitus (76,92%), diikuti vertigo (38,46%), dan rasa penuh di telinga (15,38%). Pasien terbanyak pada derajat ketulian sangat berat (38,46%), kemudian derajat sedang berat dan berat (23,08%), diikuti derajat ringan (11,54%) dan sedang (3,85%). Distribusi onset terapi terbanyak pada 0 – 7 hari (50,00%), kemudian onset > 14 hari (30,77%) dan onset 8 – 14 hari (19,23%). Perbaikan pendengaran ditemukan sama banyak pada kategori sangat baik dan baik sebanyak 6 kasus dan diikuti kategori sembuh satu kasus. Dari penelitian ini dapat dikatakan tidak hanya satu faktor yang menentukan perbaikan tuli mendadak.Kata kunci: tuli mendadak, retrospektif, gejala klinis1Mahasiswa FK Unand, 2Bagian Pulmonologi FK Unand, 3Bagian Patologi Anatomi FK UnandAbstractSudden deafness is a sensorineural hearing loss  in less than 72 hours. Sudden deafness is a neurotological emergency and requiring an early management to avoid the defects that can be caused. The objective of  this study was to see cases of sudden deafness in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital. This was a descriptive research with retrospective design using medical record data in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital in Padang during 2010 to 2013. From the research, 26 cases were obtained that can meet the inclusion criteria in the period. The age ranged from 8 to 79 years old, with most distributions at age 40-60 years old. Risk factors, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, were found equally 11,54%. Clinical symptoms consisted of tinnitus (76,92%), followed by vertigo (38,46%), and ear fullness (15,38%). Using grades of hearing impairment, most of patients were classified profound impairment (38,46%), then moderate and moderate severe impaitment (23,08%), followed by slight (11,54%) and moderate impairment (3,85%). Most therapeutic onset distribution is 0-7 days (50,00%), > 14 days onset (30,77%) and onset 8-14 days (19,23%). Hearing improvement was found equally in very good and good category (6 cases) and followed by recover category (1 case). It can be conclude that there were many factors can affect hearing improvement in sudden deafness case.Keywords: sudden deafness, retrospective, clinical symptoms

scholarly journals Proteinuria pada Penderita Gagal Ginjal Kronik di Rumah Sakit Martha Friska Multatuli Medan Tahun 2015-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Juliana Ruminta Sijabat ◽  
Sartini Sartini ◽  
Abdul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Male Patients

This study aims to determine the presence or absence of protein in urine in patients with chronic renal failure. From the results of the study it was found that patients with chronic kidney failure in Martha Friska Multatuli General Hospital Medan from the 80 most patients in positive +++. Many patients with chronic kidney failure are male patients (62.5%) compared to female patients (37.5%) and the results of the examination based on age increase with age, ie at the age of 45 years and above. This type of research is descriptive analytic. Data is taken by recording medical record data of patients with chronic kidney failure based on age, sex and year. The study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016. The place for conducting the research was conducted at Martha Friska Multatuli General Hospital (RSU) Medan. The study sample was urine samples from all patients with chronic renal failure. It can be concluded that the picture of protein in urine in patients with chronic kidney failure increases every year.

scholarly journals Gambaran Derajat Merokok Pada Penderita PPOK di Bagian Paru RSUP Dr. M. Djamil

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadhil El Naser ◽  
Irvan Medison ◽  
Erly Erly
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Record Data

AbstrakPenyakit Paru Obstuktif Kronik (PPOK) adalah penyakit dengan karakteristik keterbatasan saluran napas yang tidak sepenuhnya reversibel dan dapat dicegah. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara berkembang yang memiliki jumlah perokok aktif yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran derajat merokok pada penderita PPOK di Bagian Paru Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Ini adalah penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medik penderita merokok dengan yang dirawat di Bagian Paru Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. M. Djamil. Data sekunder diambil dari rekam medik penderita Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) yang dirawat di Bagian Paru Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat dari  1 Januari 2013 sampai 31 Desember 2013. Data diolah secara manual dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Sebanyak 20 subjek didapatkan nilai indeks brinkman berat sebanyak 15 orang. Setelah dilakukan uji statistik didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara derajat merokok dengan derajat keparahan PPOK (p = 0,033) dan korelasi yang kuat antara keduanya (r  = 0,577). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan korelasi yang kuat antara derajat merokok dengan derajat keparahan PPOK.Kata kunci: merokok. indeks Brinkman, PPOK AbstractCOPD is a disease with airway limitation characteristic. That is not fully reversible and can be prevented. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Indonesia is one of the developing countries that have a high number of active smokers. The increase in prevalence is also occurred in the province of West Sumatra, which increased from 30.2% in 2007 to 38.4% in 2010. The objective of this study was to describe the degree of smoking in patients with COPD in Pulmonary Section General Hospital Dr. M. Djamil. This study used a retrospective descriptive design using medical record data of smoker patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) who were treated in the Pulmonary Section General Hospital Dr. M. Djamil. The data was taken from the secondary status of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) who were treated in Pulmonary Section General Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 that recorded in the medical record. Data processed manually from the status of COPD patients and were presented in the form of frequency distribution table. From 20 subjects obtained that 15 samples were classified to severe Brinkman index.  Statistical tests found a significant relationship between the degree of smoking with COPD severity (p = 0.033) and a strong correlation between the two (r  = 0.577). There is a significant relationship and strong correlation between the degree of smoking with COPD severity.Keywords: smoking, Brinkman Index, COPD

scholarly journals Profil Penderita Keterlambatan Bicara Dengan Pemeriksaan ASSR di TOA Jala Puspa Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya Tahun 2016 - 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
YOICE EMILIA GUNAWAN ◽  
PRIJANTI EKA POERWANTININGROEM
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Articulation Disorders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Disorders

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Speech and language delay is experienced by 5-8% of preschoolers and 17% of 5-year-olds. Delay in speech can be caused by hearing loss, brain disorders (such as mental retardation, receptive and / or expressive language-specific disorders), autism or disorders of the mouth organs that make it difficult for children to pronounce words (known as articulation disorders). The procedure for delay in speech depends on the cause, and also involves cooperation between pediatricians, other related specialists, speech therapists and of course parents.</p><p><strong>Aim</strong>: to investigate the profile of patients with speech delay with ASSR examination at TOA Jala Puspa RUMKITAL DR. RAMELAN Surabaya</p><p><strong>Research methods</strong>: This research is a descriptive research. 57 medical record data are recorded, checked for completeness, analyzed in descriptive form then presented in the form of diagrams and tables.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The average age of people with speech delay is 2.67 years. Most patients are male. The most prenatal history experienced by people with delayed speech is Rubella infection. The most history of Christmas is hyperbilirubinemia. Most postnatal history is autism. Hearing examination using ASSR mostly shows profound hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Speech delay, ASSR, TOA Jala Puspa</p>

scholarly journals Otitis Media Supuratif Kronik di Poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Januari 2014 – Desember 2016

e-CliniC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora M. Pangemanan ◽  
Oraetlabora I. Palandeng ◽  
Olivia C.P Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptom ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Membrane Perforation

Abstract: Chronic suppurative otitis media is an inflammatory process caused by mucoperiosteum infection in the middle ear cavity marked by tympanic membrane perforation. This study was aimeds to obtain the profile of chronic suppurative otitis media at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado form January 2014 to December 2016. This was a descriptive retrospective study using medical record data. The results showed that there were 78 cases diagnosed as chronic suppurative otitis media; 30 cases (38%) were 18-40 years old. There was no difference in number by gender. Location of this disease was more often unilateral. Otorrhea was the clinical symptom found in 87% of patients, followed by otalgia and hearing disturbance. Drug treatment was the most used treatment. Conclusion: Chronic suppurative otitis media was most common in age 18-40 years and there was no difference between sexes. Otorrhea was the most frequent clinical symptom. Most cases had unilateral otitis media and treated with medical treatment.Keywords: chronic suppurative otitis media, age, gender, clinical symptoms Abstrak: Otitis media supuratif kronik (OMSK) merupakan proses peradangan yang disebabkan oleh infeksi mukoperiosteum dalam rongga telinga tengah yang ditandai oleh perforasi membran timpani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum penderita OMSK di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2014 – Desember 2016. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 78 kasus dengan diagnosis OMSK, terbanyak didapatkan pada tahun 2016, diikuti tahun 2015 dan 2014. Kelompok usia 18-40 tahun yang terbanyak menderita OMSK, yaitu sebanyak 30 kasus (38%). Tidak ada perbedaan jumlah penderita berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Otore merupakan gejala klinik yang ditemukan pada 87% penderita, diikuti oleh otalgia dan pendengaran berkurang. Lokasi sering terjadi pada salah satu telinga. Penanganan medika mentosa ialah penanganan yang paling sering dilakukan. Simpulan: OMSK terbanyak didapatkan pada usia 18-40 tahun dan tidak terdapat perbedaan pada kedua jenis kelamin. Otore merupakan gejala klinik yang paling sering. Umumnya lokasi OMSK unilateral dan jenis penanganan tersering ialah medikamentosa.Kata kunci: otitis media supuratif kronik, usia, jenis kelamin, gejala klinik

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM LUBUK PAKAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Yessi Sundari
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Collection Methods

DBD is a disease caused by the dengue virus which is transmitted through mosquito bites and reduces the platelet count in the sufferer. This study aims to determine the medical records of dengue hemorrhagic fever at Lubuk Pakam General Hospital. This type of research is descriptive. Data collection methods were medical records for all DHF patients from 2005 to 2009 at Lubuk Pakam General Hospital. Then the medical record data are grouped by age, sex and occupation. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the number of DHF sufferers from 2005 to 2009 increased in the 21-56 year age group with all male sex and work as entrepreneurs. This is due to a narrower environment, increasing population, and inadequate living quarters with no good air ventilation, so that the spread of dengue is increasing.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Stroke Patients with Vertigo in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Neurology Ward

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Khansa ◽  
Aih Cahyani ◽  
Lisda Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Peripheral Vertigo

 Vertigo often occurs from the ages of 18 to 79 years with a prevalence of 7.4%. Central vertigo is less common than peripheral vertigo, but it can worsen disability in stroke patients. This study aims to determine the profile of stroke patients with vertigo in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Neurology Ward. This is a retrospective descriptive study, using medical record data from 2013 to 2017, and collected 173 medical record data. The results showed that most stroke patients with vertigo were women (59%), the most age group was 55-64 years (34.1%), the most common type of stroke was ischemic stroke (75.7%), the most disturbance regarding the vertebrobasilar system was (72.8%), the most patients got the first stroke was (52.6%), 60.7% of patients suffered from hypertension, 23.1% of patients suffered from hyperlipidemia 40 (23.1%), and 22% of patients suffered from diabetes mellitus type 2. This study concludes that stroke patients who experience vertigo are more common in women, and in the 55-64 year age group. The most common stroke is ischemic in the vertebrobasilar system. Most symptoms in stroke patients with vertigo are dizziness not affected by position, vomiting and nystagmus. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus play an important role in the incidence of stroke in patients.   Keywords: vertigo, risk factor, stroke, vertebrobasilar

scholarly journals Evaluasi Ketepatan Antibiotik pada Pasien Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-207
Author(s):  
Ambar Yunita Nugraheni ◽  
Mahyastuty Shintya Putri ◽  
Adi Yusron Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Record Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Complete Medical Record

The administration of early intravenous antibiotics was one of the fundamental procedures in sepsis. Inappropriate of antibiotics in septic patients has an impact on mortality and prolongs treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotics therapy in hospitalized sepsis patients in Central Java based on the parameters right indication, right patient, right drug, and the right dose. This study was observational. Data collected retrospectively and analyzed descriptively. Sampling was done by purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria were inpatients diagnosed with sepsis who received antibiotics therapy with complete medical record data. The exclusion criteria were patients who died of sepsis. Antibiotics analyzed using the DIH 25th edition 2016, IONI 2014, Tata Laksana Sepsis Pada Anak IDAI 2016, Neofax 2014, Kepmenkes PNPK Tata Laksana Sepsis 2017, PPK RS, and SHC Antimicrobial Dosing 2017. Based on data from 108 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria obtained results right indication 100%, right patient 97.22%, right drug 90.74%, and the right dose 48.15%. The most used antibiotic was a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin (41.67%), while the single antibiotic was ceftriaxone (12.96%).

scholarly journals Switch Therapy Antibiotik Pasien Apendisitis RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Ayu Rahmawati ◽  
Elka Yulinda ◽  
Hansen Nasif
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Switch Therapy ◽  
Record Data

Has conducted a study entitled Switching Antibiotic Therapy to Cases of Appendicitis Surgery in Functional Medical Staff of Arifin Achmad Regional General Hospital, Riau Province. This type of research is a retrospective data observation study, medical record data of appendicitis surgery patients during 2010. The method used is the census method. Antibiotics - Oral Substitution Therapy (IAOST) Protocol to medical record data of appendicitis surgery patients at surgical SMF Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province, following: a therapeutic switch (+) of 17% (29 cases), a percentage that met the switch therapy criteria and did not occur switch therapy (Δ) of 67% (114 cases), the percentage that did not meet the switch therapy criteria and switch therapy occurred (X) by 6% (11 cases), the percentage that did not meet the switch therapy criteria and no therapeutic switch (V) 17% (17 cases).

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS INCIDENCE AT HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN HAJI REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, MAKASSAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ALDILA SATRIA ◽  
SUDIBYO SUPARDI
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Record Data

Objective: This study aims to identify inpatient medication problems and analyze the association between patient characteristics and the incidence of the drug-related problem (DRP) experienced by patients. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Haji Regional General Hospital, Makassar, using medical record data for inpatients from January to February 2020. Data were collected from September to October 2020. A total of 247 inpatients were identified using the Indonesian version of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe. Results: The most common DRP problem found is the effect of drug treatment not optimal (P1.2) by 35.76% and the most common cause found is no or incomplete drug treatment despite existing indication (C1.6) by 20.16%. Bivariate analysis shows that age, length of stay, and the number of drugs received are significant different with the incidence of DRP in patients (p < 0,01) respectively. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression shows that age, sex, and the number of drugs could significantly affect the incidence of DRP (p<0.05) with the r-square (R2) of 21.6%. According to this model, the largest odds ratio number and the most likely to experience DRP in a patient are age, the number of drugs, then gender (5,2; 4,6; and 2,3). Conclusion: Age, length of stay, and the number of drugs received affect the DRP incidence in a patient, while gender together with age and the number of drugs affecting the incidence of DRP in a patient.

Karakteristik Pasien Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) pada Fasilitas Kesehatan Tersier di Masa Pandemi Covid 19

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Ade J. Nursalim ◽  
Elbetty Simanjuntak ◽  
Vera Sumual
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the macula and is characterized by age-related loss of the central visual field. AMD contributes greatly to blindness for people over 50 years old in the world. The prevalence of AMD is increasing from year to year. Albeit, during the Covid-19 pandemic the number of patient visits to health facilities tends to decrease. This study was aimed to report the clinical characteristics of patients with AMD in tertiary health facilities during the covid 19 pandemic and to compare them with previous reports. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using medical record data of the Ophthalmology Clinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from March 2020 to June 2021. There were 12 patients in this study consisting of 10 males and two females. Age range of 56-75 years had the highest percentage (58%). The non-neovascular subtype were found in 7 patients (58.3%) meanwhile the neovascular type in 5 patients (41.7%). The identified risks were hypertension (50%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (8.3%), and DM associated with hypertension (16,7%), meanwhile no risk factor was found in 8.3% of patients. The number of patient visits decreased in the study period compared to previous reports conducted before the pandemic. In conclusion, the majority of AMD patients were male, age group of 56-75 years, and had non-neovascular subtype. The identified risk factors were hypertension and diabetes mellitus.Keywords: age related macular degeneration (AMD); characteristics of patients Abstrak: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) adalah penyakit neourodegeneratif yang mengenai bagian makula dan ditandai dengan hilangnya lapang pandang sentral yang berhu-bungan dengan usia. AMD berkontribusi besar terhadap angka kebutaan untuk usia di atas 50 tahun di dunia. Prevalensi AMD pun semakin meningkat dari tahun ketahun. Pandemi Covid 19 diketahui mengurangi angka kunjungan pasien ke fasilitas kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melaporkan karakteristik klinik pada pasien AMD pada fasilitas kesehatan tersier di masa pandemi covid 19 dan membandingkannya dengan laporan sebelumya. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medik di Poliklinik Mata RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Maret 2020-Juni 2021. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebanyak 12 pasien AMD; sebagian besar berjenis kelamin laki-laki (83,3%), berada dalam rentang usia 56-75 tahun (58%), dengan subtipe AMD non neovaskular (58,3%). Faktor risiko yang teridentifikasi ialah hipertensi (50%), diabetes melitus (DM) (8,3%), dan DM disertai hipertensi (16,7%), sedangkan yang tanpa faktor risiko hanya 8,3%. Jumlah kunjungan pasien berkurang di periode waktu penelitian dibandingkan dengan laporan yang dilakukan sebelum masa pandemi. Simpulan penelitian ialah mayoritas pasien AMD berjenis kelamin laki-laki, usia 56-75 tahun, dengan subtipe non neovaskular. Faktor risiko teridentifikasi ialah hipertensi dan diabetes melitus.Kata kunci: age-related macular degeneration (AMD); karakteristik pasien

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