scholarly journals Dyeing of cotton fabric by Caesalpinia sappan aqueous extract at different temperatures and mordants

2021 ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
K. Kannathasan ◽  
P. Kokila
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Skin Allergy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Natural Mordant ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Bulk Production

The colour is one of the most important features in textile industry and customers requirements. Synthetic colours are available at affordable prices due to their bulk production. On the other hand, they pose undesirable taste (in case of foods) and harmful effects to ecosystem. The natural colours when used in textiles do not threat the environments and do not cause any skin allergy, toxicity and other hazards to living things as compared to the synthetic counterparts. In the present study, dyeing experiments were conducted with the aqueous extract of bark chips of Caesalpinia sappan at 60, 80 and100° C and using different mordant treatments. The fastness to washing for most of cotton fabrics showed fair grey scale rating. Among the mordants Alum, CuSo4 and Myrobalan used, the natural mordant myrobalan showed poor fastness properties compared to other two mordants. The staining tests showed that most of fabrics exhibited only slight/completely no pilling in majority of the treatments.

scholarly journals Awareness of farm workers regarding health problems and use of protective clothing during pesticide application

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-543
Author(s):  
Saroj Yadav ◽  
Geeta Gaba
Keyword(s):  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Educational Package ◽  
Skin Allergy ◽  
Harmful Effects

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds, and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses of cotton crop and maintain high product quality. Because of high biological activity, and in some cases, long persistence in the environment, pesticides (pyrethroids, carbamate, oganophosphate, organochlorines) may cause harmful effects to human health and to the environment. Occupational exposure to pesticides often occurs in the case of agricultural workers in open fields and greenhouses. Farmers who perform spray activity are routinely exposed to high levels of pesticides (Monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate, pyrethroids and carbamates), than the other farm workers such as pesticide loader, evaluator. The dermal and inhalation routes of entry are typically the most common routes of farmers’ exposure to pesticides. Farmers’ exposure to pesticides can be reduced through less use of pesticides and use of the appropriate protective clothing and equipments in all stages of pesticide handling. The present study was conductedon 270 respondents from all nine blocks of Hisar district of Haryana state to create awareness amongst them regarding health problems and use of protective clothing during pesticide application.An educational package in the form of Video CD and Leaflet was used. Pamphlets were distributed; lecture-cum-demonstrations and film shows were organized. Protective clothing and accessories were also exhibited for better impact. It was recorded that respondents succeeded in acquiring awareness at post exposure level, through print and electronic media for each message viz. breathing problems (23.3%), eyes related problems (100%), skin allergy (43.3%), headache (60.3%), fainting due to inhalation of pesticide (64.33%) and stomach related problems (23.56%).  

scholarly journals Modeling of Neutral Red Adsorption on Apple Peel Based Activated Carbon

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Canan Demir ◽  
Halime Yıldız ◽  
Ali Rıza Kul ◽  
Sıddık Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cubic Model

Neutral red is used in textile industry as dyestuff. Dyestuffs which remain unchanged throughout the process in the wastewater treatment plants have toxic effects. In this study, removal of neutral red dyestuff from aqueous medium of active carbon obtained from apple peel waste was investigated. For this purpose, the apple peel was pretreated into 2 mm pieces. Chemical Activation of apple peel with ZnCl2 was used in activated carbon preparation. The amount of adsorbed material at different temperatures (25, 35, 45°C) and concentrations (100, 150, 200 ppm)  was determined. In addition to the linear model, 4 different nonlinear models were used to model the adsorbed material. From these models, the best estimate for all temperature values and concentrations gave the cubic model.

Efektivitas Kombinasi Kitosan dan Ampas Teh Sebagai Adsorben Alami dalam Menurunkan Konsentrasi Timbal Pada Limbah Cair PT PXI

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Dhonny Suwazan ◽  
Nisa Nurhidayanti
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Pb Concentration

ABSTRAKLogam berat merupakan salah satu bahan kimia berbahaya yang dapat menimbulkan bahaya bagi lingkungan dan makhluk hidup karena memiliki toksisitas yang tinggi dan tidak dapat terbiodegradasi sehingga menjadi bioakumulasi pada rantai makanan. Dalam limbah cair yang dihasilkan pada industri tekstil terdapat salah satu logam berat yaitu timbal (Pb) yang digunakan sebagai pengikat zat warna. Salah satu metode penghilangan logam berat pada limbah cair yaitu metode adsorpsi menggunakan biosorben. Biosorben yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah campuran antara kitosan dan karbon aktif dari ampas teh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menentukan efektivitas penurunan konsentrasi Pb menggunakan adsorben alami dengan kombinasi kitosan dan ampas teh. Tahap awal dilakukan pengujian kandungan logam berat pada PT PXI dan diperoleh kandungan awal logam Pb sebesar 1,02 mg/L. Kemudian dilakukan sintesis adsorben hasil kombinasi kitosan dan karbon aktif dari ampas teh. Hasil karakterisasi diperoleh kadar karbon terikat sebesar 78,09%. Karakterisasi dilanjutkan untuk mengetahui sifat fisika dan kimia biosorben dilakukan menggunakan FTIR dan SEM-EDS. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR didapatkan gugus fungsi O-H yang berperan dalam proses adsorpsi, hasil SEM-EDS menunjukan peningkatan kualitas struktur pori dan komposisi unsur dari kitosan yang telah di sintesis dengan ampas teh. Biosorben kombinasi kitosan dan karbon aktif dari ampas teh diaplikasikan sebagai adsorben dalam penghilangan logam berat Pb pada limbah industri tekstil PT PXI dengan variasi massa adsorben. Analisa konsentrasi Pb dilakukan menggunakan AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan karbon aktif ampas teh sebesar 1,4 gr menghasilkan persen efektivitas tertinggi dalam penghilangan logam berat Pb sebesar 90,6% dan dapat menurunkan konsentrasi hingga 0.1 mg/L sehingga dapat memenuhi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan.ABSTRACTHeavy metal is one of the hazardous chemicals that can pose a danger to the environment and living things because it has high toxicity and cannot be biodegraded so that it becomes bioaccumulation in the food chain. In the liquid waste produced in the textile industry there is one heavy metal, namely lead (Pb) which is used as a dye binder. One method of removing heavy metals in liquid waste is the adsorption method using a biosorbent. The biosorbent used in this research is a mixture of chitosan and activated carbon from tea dregs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reducing Pb concentration using a natural adsorbent with a combination of chitosan and tea dregs. The initial stage was testing the heavy metal content of PT PXI, the initial Pb content was 1.02 mg/L. Then the synthesis of the adsorbent resulting from the combination of chitosan and activated carbon from tea dregs was carried out. The results of the characterization obtained bound carbon content of 78.09%. Characterization was continued to determine the physical and chemical properties of biosorbents using FTIR and SEM-EDS. The results of characterization using FTIR obtained O-H functional groups that play a role in the adsorption process, the SEM-EDS results showed an increase in the quality of the pore structure and elemental composition of chitosan that had been synthesized with tea dregs. Biosorbent combination of chitosan and activated carbon from tea dregs was applied as an adsorbent in the removal of heavy metal Pb in textile industry waste PT PXI with variations in adsorbent mass. Pb concentration analysis was carried out using AAS. The results showed that the addition of 1.4 g of tea dregs activated carbon produced the highest percentage of effectiveness in the removal of heavy metal Pb by 90.6% and could reduce the concentration to 0.1 mg/L so that it could meet the required quality standards. 

Removal of Dyes from the Textile Industry by Adsorption in Fixed Bed Columns: A Sustainable Process

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Regina Vasques ◽  
Selene Maria Arruda Guelli Ulson de Souza ◽  
José Alexandre Borges Valle ◽  
Antônio Augusto Ulson de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment

The capacity and mechanism of mono and bi-functional reactive dye adsorption utilizing a new adsorbent obtained from the dried residual sludge (~10% w.w.) of a textile wastewater treatment system was studied. With the focus on determining the efficiency of the adsorbent in the dye removal, the adsorption isotherms were determined for the reactive dyes RR2 and RR141, at different temperatures and salt concentrations. The experiments were carried out in fixed bed adsorption columns, which were defined as the best adsorption experimental condition for both of the dyes through the parameter qm (mg/g), obtained by the adjustment of Langmuir isotherms. Breakthrough curves for the dyes RR2 and RR141 were obtained varying the height to which the fixed bed columns were packed with adsorbent (15, 30 and 45 cm) and varying the adsorbate feed rate in the column (8, 12 and 16 ml/min). For the dye RR2 the maximum adsorption capacity was 53.48 mg/g and for the dye RR141 it was 78.74 mg/g.

scholarly journals TECHNOGENIC ECOLOGICAL RISK AND METROLOGICAL ASSURANCE OF THE OIL PRODUCTS QUALITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Саулекул Айжамбаева ◽  
Saulekul Ayzhambaeva ◽  
Борис Невзоров ◽  
Boris Nevzorov ◽  
Айгерим Слямова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Standard Component ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Open Cast

Technogenic pressure in the industrial region, as Kusbass is, despite of taken measures for limitations of harmful substances emissions and stuffi in the atmosphere is continued to grow. The damage is being harmful to all (natural) environment and all living things including humans. This causes the probability of the ecological hazard, i.e. technogenic ecological risk. The present study examines the harmful effects of precipitation in the form of acid rains. It analyzes the factors causing the acid rains intensity in the vicinity of the mining sector. It is noted that fi the acid rains occurrence is caused by industrial explosions in the open casts and harmful emissions from heavy mining trucks. Special laboratory tests of automobile fuel including spectral methods have shown the presence of sub-standard component in the form of sulfur which is greatly exceeded the standard. It infl the air pollution level with sulfur compounds as there is the open cast localization of multi-ton vehicles running on this fuel. On the basis of social-hygienic monitoring of children and adults health and air pollution levels in big industrial centers of Kusbass, causal relationships have been established and the regularities of health disorders formation for population, especially among children, have been determined. In this connection there are opinions about the negative infl on population health who live close to Kuzbass open cast, harmful factors arising due to the fi of the air environment with many chemicals (nitric oxide, sulfur containing compounds like hydrogen sulfi thiophene and its derivatives, acid and average ethers of sulfuric acid, nitric acid vapours and many others) in large quantities.

scholarly journals Study on Exhaustion Behaviour of Red Chili on Cotton Fabric

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1022-1029
Author(s):  
Dr. Sumanta Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Colour Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dye Absorption ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Uv Visible

Abstract: Dying is a popular practice in textile industry which is prevalent at all parts of the world from the period of ancient civilization. Initially, natural dyes i.e. dye derived from natural resources like vegetables, flowers, minerals, plants etc. were used. Now-a-days, due to technological and scientific innovations synthetic dyes are processed at large scale in the laboratories as it is still one of the most profitable industry globally. However, the rapid utilization of chemicals in textile industry for production of synthetic dyes causes degradation of environment like soil pollution, water pollution etc. Hence, it is necessary to promote the utilization of natural dyes globally. In this paper, the exhaustion of dye extracted from red chillies, one of the most used vegetables same has been studied on cotton fabrics at different temperatures using UV-Visible light spectrophotometer. The colour strength of the fabric before and after application of soap therein are also studied experimentally. Keywords: Natural dye, red chillies, cotton fabrics, exhaustion of dye, absorption.

Alarming Dangerous Situation by Air Pollution-I

2018 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Vivek Dwivedi ◽  
Pawan Kumar Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mathematical Result ◽  
Dangerous Situation ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Human Kinds ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Day By Day

Day by day increasing air pollution is creating serious problem in our life. This pollution affects all living things. There are so many reasons for air pollution. Since air pollution is one kind among various types of pollution but it affects directly to all human kinds. The air pollution produced by automobiles makes tremendous harmful effects on the health of peoples and environment. In this paper the mathematical result for amount of production of CO2 by burning of petrol from 2-Wheelers is elaborated.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity and potential of Caesalpinia sappan aqueous extract on synthesis of silver nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temsiri Suwan ◽  
Penpicha Wanachantararak ◽  
Sakornrat Khongkhunthian ◽  
Siriporn Okonogi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan

Domestic Method of Silk Dyeing with Raw Natural Colours

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof. Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury ◽  
Mr. Suman Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Natural Mordant ◽  
Silk Dyeing

Commercial natural dyes are quite costly as manufacturers are to follow multi-step extraction and purification procedures for standardisation purposes. Upon cost comparison, they lose in the market to synthetic dyes. However, in the handicraft sector, reproducibility may be of lesser importance against cost. In the present study, a domestic method of dyeing silk with the aqueous extract of raw plant/tree components (flower, leave, bark and root) by using a natural mordant and alum will be described. Good dyebath exhaustion and washing and light fastness are observed for some of the natural colouring matters.

Adsorption of reactive blue BF-5G dye by soybean hulls: kinetics, equilibrium and influencing factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1166-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Ferandin Honorio ◽  
Márcia Teresinha Veit ◽  
Gilberto da Cunha Gonçalves ◽  
Élvio Antonio de Campos ◽  
Márcia Regina Fagundes-Klen
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The textile industry is known for the high use of chemicals, such as dyes, and large volumes of effluent that contaminate waters, a fact that has encouraged research and improved treatment techniques. In this study, we used unprocessed soybean hulls for the removal of reactive blue BF-5G dye. The point of zero charge of soybean hulls was 6.76. Regarding the speed of agitation in the adsorption process, the resistance to mass transfer that occurs in the boundary layer was eliminated at 100 rpm. Kinetics showed an experimental amount of dye adsorbed at equilibrium of 57.473 mg g−1 obtained under the following conditions: dye initial concentration = 400 mg L−1; diameter of particle = 0.725 mm; dosage = 6 g L−1; pH 2; 100 rpm; temperature = 30 °C; and duration of 24 hours. The pseudo-second order best showed the dye removal kinetics. The adsorption isotherms performed at different temperatures (20, 30, 40 and 50 °C) showed little variation in the concentration range assessed, being properly adjusted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum capacity of dye adsorption was 72.427 mg g−1 at 30 °C. Since soybean hull is a low-cost industrial byproduct, it proved to be a potential adsorbent for the removal of the textile dye assessed.

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