Morphological characterization of incisors and molars of an african descent group of Cali, Valle del Cauca (Colombia)

Objectives: To determine the frequency, variability, sexual dimorphism, correlation and bilateral symmetry of 13 non-metric dental crown traits (NMDCT) in incisors and molars of afro descent group of Cali, Valle del Cauca (Colombia)Material and methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study that characterizes the dental morphology of the central and lateral upper incisors (11, 12, 21, 22) and first and second upper and lower molars (16, 17, 26, 27, 36, 37, 46, 47) by ASUDAS system of observation, recording and analysis reported in the literature; from 60 models of study (34 female and 26 male) obtained from a afro descent group with aged between 7 to 17 years.Results: Was obtained winging and crowding mid frequencies, high frequency of shovel-shape in central and lateral incisors, low frequency of Carabelli cusp, low frequency of metaconule, reduction of hypocone absent, P point expression of protostylid, low frequency of deflecting wrinkle, groove pattern configuration Y5 (lower first molar) and +5 and +6 (lower second molar). NMDCT not sexually dimorphic (except hypocone reduction and groove pattern), have low correspondence and have bilateral symmetry. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Conclusions: The frequency and variability of the 13 NMDCT allowed determining that the group of African descent is part of Caucasoid Dental Complex with Mongoloid Dental Complex influence, due to mixing processes and ethno historic settlement of the southeastern region of Cali. Key words: Dental anthropology, dental morphology, incisors, molars, non-metric dental traits, African descent, Afrocolombian.

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Root Canal Configuration of the Maxillary Second Permanent Molars in Pakistani Subpopulation

Journal of The Pakistan Dental Association ◽

10.25301/jpda.303.209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (03) ◽

pp. 209-214

Author(s):

Mansoor Khan Khan ◽

◽

Alia Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Qasim Javed

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Dental Morphology ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Second Molar ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Molar Teeth ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Root Canal System ◽

International University

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to assess the variations in the root canal configuration of maxillary second permanent molars in the Pakistani subpopulation by using different clinical aids in vivo. METHODOLOGY: The Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from April to October 2018 at the College of Dentistry, Riphah International University, Pakistan. The root canal configurations of Maxillary second molars were evaluated in 95 adult patients that presented to the Operative Department, after obtaining consent. After access cavity preparation the orifices were identified and cross checked using 2.5x magnification and different clinical tests. Data analysis was done by utilizing SPSS version 23. RESULTS: Out of the 95 teeth 6(6.3%) teeth had a single canal, 7(7.4%) teeth had two canals, 58(61.1%) teeth had three canals and 24(25.3%) teeth had four canals. Age-wise analysis of the frequency of different canals showed that prevalence of molars with three canals was significantly higher in the subjects with age between 41 and 50 years. Conclusion: Overall, the study noted four morphological variations in the root canal configuration of Maxillary second molar teeth in Pakistani subpopulation. Hence, while executing the endodontic treatment in the maxillary second molars a thorough assessment of the root canal system should be carried out. The results of the study can guide Pakistani dentists. KEYWORDS: Permanent Maxillary second molar, Dental Morphology, Endodontics, Pakistan

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Frequency and variability of dental morphology in deciduous and permanent dentition of a Nasa indigenous group in the municipality of Morales, Cauca, Colombia

Colombia Medica ◽

10.25100/cm.v45i1.1281 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 15-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eider Díaz ◽

Lorena García ◽

Michelle Hernández ◽

Lesly Palacio ◽

Diana Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Bilateral Symmetry ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Permanent Dentition ◽

Dental Morphology ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Indigenous Group ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Crown Traits ◽

Dental Crown

Objectives: To determine the frequency, variability, sexual dimorphism and bilateral symmetry of fourteen dental crown traits in the deciduous and permanent dentition of 60 dental models (35 women and 25 men) obtained from a native, indigenous group of Nasa school children of the Musse Ukue group in the municipality of Morales, Department of Cauca, Colombia. Material and methods: This is a quantitative descriptive, cross-sectional study that characterizes dental morphology by means of the systems for temporary dentition from Dahlberg (winging), and ASUDAS (crowding, reduction of hypocone, metaconule and cusp 6), Hanihara (central and lateral incisors in shovel-shape and cusp 7), Sciulli (double bit, layered fold protostylid, cusp pattern and cusp number) and Grine (Carabelli trait); and in permanent dentition from ASUDAS (Winging, crowding, central and lateral incisors in shovel-shape and double shovel-shape, Carabelli trait, hypocone reduction, metaconule, cusp pattern, cusp number, layered fold protostylid, cusp 6 and cusp 7). Results: The most frequent dental crown features were the shovel-shaped form, grooved and fossa forms of the Carabelli trait, metaconule, cusp pattern Y6, layered fold, protostylid (point P) and cusp 6. Sexual dimorphism was not observed and there was bilateral symmetry in the expression of these features. Conclusions: The sample studied presented a great affinity with ethnic groups belonging to the Mongoloid Dental Complex due to the frequency (expression) and variability (gradation) of the tooth crown traits, upper incisors, the Carabelli trait, the protostylid, cusp 6 and cusp 7. The influence of the Caucasoide Dental Complex associated with ethno-historical processes cannot be ruled out.

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Association between Metabolic Syndrome Components and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10080699 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 699

Author(s):

Rashmi Supriya ◽

Fei-Fei Li ◽

Yi-De Yang ◽

Wei Liang ◽

Julien S. Baker

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young People ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

High Frequency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Autonomic Modulation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Positive Correlations

Background: the clustering of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors is becoming more prevalent in children, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases in early adulthood. The impact of MetS risk factors on cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) or vice versa has been noted to track from childhood to pre-adolescence and adolescence. Understating associations in this age group may help to improve the clinical outcomes of the MetS, even when MetS symptoms are not visible. Potential damage from each individual MetS component and the ability to predict early cardiac damage or upcoming cardiovascular events is very important. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the associations between CAM and MetS risk factors individually to verify which of the MetS risk components were significantly correlated with heart rate variability (HRV) indices before or at the onset of the MetS among young people. The purpose of this review was to outline the importance of potentially screening HRV indices in young people even with only one MetS risk factor, as a pre-indicator for early cardiovascular risk stratification. Methods: cross-sectional studies that examined the relationship of MetS risk factors with HRV indices were searched using four databases including PubMed, the Cochrane clinical trials library, Medline and the Web of Science. Correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and random effects meta-analyses of the association between MetS risk factors with HRV indices were performed. Results: out of 14 cross-sectional studies and one case-control study, 8 studies (10 data sets) provided association data for the meta-analysis. Our results indicated significant positive correlations for systolic blood pressure (SBP) (correlation coefficient 0.13 (95%CI: 0.06; 0.19), I2 = 47.26%) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (correlation coefficient 0.09 (95%CI: −0.01; 0.18), I2 = 0%) with a Low Frequency/High Frequency ratio (LF/HF). Significant negative correlations for waist circumference (WC) (correlation coefficient −0.12 (95%CI: −0.19; −0.04), I2 = 51.50%), Triglycerides (TGs) (correlation coefficient −0.09 (95%CI: −0.15; −0.02), I2 = 0%) and ≥2 MetS risk factors (correlation coefficient −0.10 (95%CI: −0.16; −0.03), I2 = 0%); with high frequency (HF) were revealed. Significant positive correlations for high density lipoprotein (HDL) (correlation coefficient 0.08 (95%CI: 0.05; 0.11), I2 = 0%) and significant negative correlations of ≥2 MetS risk (correlation coefficient −0.04 (95%CI: −0.12; 0.03), I2 = 0.0%) with low frequency (LF) were revealed. Significant negative correlations for TGs (correlation coefficient −0.09 (95%CI: −0.23; 0.05), I2 = 2.01%) with a mean square root of the sum of differences between mean time between two successive intervals (rMSSD) and significant positive correlation of HDL (correlation coefficient 0.09 (95%CI: −0.01; 0.19), I2 = 0.33%) with standard deviation of the time between two successive intervals (SDNN) were also revealed. An Egger’s test indicated that there was no obvious publication bias for any of the above relationships except for TGs and rMSSD. The significance level stipulated for the meta-analysis was p < 0.05. Conclusions: lipid profiles (HDL and TGs), WC and BP were associated with CAM in young people up to the age of 19 years. The use of HRV indices to predict future MetS risk, and relationships with individual risk factors including HDL, BP, WC and TGs, were established. Future studies related to young people (up to the age of 19 years) are recommended to explore the associations reported here further.

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Low vitamin D status is associated with hearing loss in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa310 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Betsy Szeto ◽

Chris Valentini ◽

Anil K Lalwani

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Low Frequency ◽

The Elderly ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Total Calcium ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Background The elderly are at increased risk of both hearing loss (HL) and osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) has been putatively linked to HL. However, the roles of serum calcium concentrations and vitamin D status have yet to be elucidated. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone (PTH), total calcium, BMD, and HL in a nationally representative sample of elderly adults. Methods Using the NHANES (2005–2010), audiometry and BMD data of 1123 participants aged ≥70 y were analyzed in a cross-sectional manner. HL was defined as pure tone averages >25 dB HL at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz (low frequency); 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz (speech frequency); and 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz (high frequency) in either ear. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relation between HL and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], PTH, total calcium, and BMD, adjusting for covariates. Results In multivariable analyses, total 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL was found to be associated with greater odds of low-frequency HL (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.19) and speech-frequency HL (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.44). A 1-unit decrease in femoral neck BMD (OR: 4.55; 95% CI: 1.28, 16.67) and a 1-unit decrease in total spine BMD (OR: 6.25; 95% CI: 1.33, 33.33) were found to be associated with greater odds of low-frequency HL. Serum PTH and total calcium were not found to be associated with HL. Conclusions In the elderly, low vitamin D status was associated with low-frequency and speech-frequency HL. Low vitamin D status may be a potential risk factor for age-related HL.

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Association of Visual Defects and Occlusal Molar Class in Children

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/7296289 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Silvia Caruso ◽

Roberto Gatto ◽

Mario Capogreco ◽

Alessandro Nota

Keyword(s):

Systemic Disease ◽

Test Group ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Occlusion ◽

Clinical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Second Molar ◽

Visual Defects ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Relationship Of

Purpose. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the presence of any correlations between dysfunctions related to visual impairments and dental occlusion. Methods. The test group included 34 subjects (21 males and 13 females; mean age 11 ± 2 years) randomly selected with the following inclusion criteria: absence of any diagnosis for problems at visual level except those related to refractive defects, visual acuity of at least 1.0, absence of any syndrome or malformation in the craniofacial area, good general health, and absence of any systemic disease able to influence the vision or the craniofacial growth. They underwent visual clinical tests to evaluate the presence of fusional vergence defects and amplitude. Each patient underwent an orthodontic clinical exam and the occlusal molar relationship of each subject was recorded and considered as occlusal variable. A statistical analysis with Chi-Squared test was performed in order to analyze the associations between the visual defects and the occlusal variable. Results. A statistically significant association between the molar occlusal relationship and the occurrence of exodeviations was observed. The percentage of subjects presenting fusional amplitudes with convergence lower of the cut-off value was statistically significantly higher in the group of occlusal molar second class. Conclusions. The results obtained show that there is an association between occlusal second molar class and fusional vergence defects.

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Assessment of Primary Health Care in the Treatment of Tuberculosis in a Brazilian Locality of the International Triple Frontier

The Open Nursing Journal ◽

10.2174/1874434601711010124 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 124-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Reinaldo Antonio Silva-Sobrinho ◽

Anneliese Domingues Wysocki ◽

Lúcia Marina Scatena ◽

Erika Simone Galvão Pinto ◽

Aline Ale Beraldo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Levels Of Care ◽

Primary Health ◽

Directly Observed Treatment ◽

Process Component ◽

International Border ◽

Validated Instrument

Objective:To evaluate the performance of Primary Health Care (PHC) in treatment of TB patients in a triple international border municipality.Methods:The present study was an evaluative survey of cross-sectional and quantitative approach conducted with 225 PHC healthcare professionals. Data was collected through a structured and validated instrument, which provided five indicators of "structure" and four indicators of "process" classified as unsatisfactory, regular or satisfactory.Results:The "structure" component was unsatisfactory for the indicator of professionals involved in TB care and training, and regular for the indicator of connection between the units and other levels of care. The "process" component was regular for the indicators of TB information, directly observed treatment and reference and counter reference on TB, and unsatisfactory for external actions on TB control.Conclusion:The "structure" and "process" components points out some weaknesses in terms of management and organization of human resources. Low frequency of training and the turnover influenced the involvement of professionals. Elements of "structure" and "process" show the need for investing in the PHC team and improving the clinical management of cases.

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SYNTHESIS OF ALLOY METAL NANOCLUSTERS IN SILICA GLASS BY SEQUENTIAL ION IMPLANTATION

International Journal of Nanoscience ◽

10.1142/s0219581x07005000 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 06 (06) ◽

pp. 423-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. JOSEPH ◽

H. P. LENKA ◽

P. K. KUIRI ◽

D. P. MAHAPATRA ◽

R. KESAVAMOORTHY

Keyword(s):

Ion Implantation ◽

Silica Glass ◽

Metallic Nanoparticles ◽

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Peak Position ◽

Negative Ion ◽

Metal Nanoclusters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Matrix

High fluence low energy negative ion implantation has been used to synthesize embedded metal nanoclusters of Au , Ag and Sb in silica glass. The Au - and Ag -implanted samples showed peaks, corresponding to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the optical absorption (OA) spectra, confirming the formation of metallic nanoparticles in the matrix. No SPR peak was observed in case of Sb -implanted samples which is attributed to the absence of pure metallic precipitates which could be detected in the OA spectrum. Low frequency Raman scattering (LFRS) measurements also confirm this. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy has been used to infer about the size distribution of the nanoparticles. Sequential implantations of Au and Ag or Au and Sb have been found to result in SPR peaks at locations in between those for nanoparticles of the constituent atoms, indicating the formation of alloy nanoparticles in the system. In case of the Au + Ag system, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry has been used to infer about the composition of the nanoparticles in terms of the concentrations of the metallic constituents. A direct, one-to-one correspondence between the SPR peak position and composition has been observed.

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Evaluation of optic canal anatomy and symmetry using CT

BMJ Open Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bmjophth-2019-000302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. e000302 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xinxin Zhang ◽

Yueh Lee ◽

Daniel Olson ◽

David Fleischman

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Bilateral Symmetry ◽

Optic Canal ◽

Difference Threshold ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Minimum Diameter ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

ObjectiveWe aim to describe the anatomy and symmetry patterns of the optic canal in patients having undergone maxillofacial CT imaging.MethodsIn this retrospective chart review, we included all patients who received sinus and maxillofacial CT at the University of North Carolina hospitals between 2008 and 2016, without facial or cranial fractures or other medical conditions that would affect optic canal size. We measured the length of ≥75% enclosed canal, minimum cross-sectional area and minimum diameter bilaterally using iNtuition TeraRecon (Durham, North Carolina) and compared bilateral symmetry using a 20 % difference threshold. Each parameter above was compared among white, black, non-white and non-black patients.ResultsOf 335 patients, the mean canal length was 5.61±2.22 mm. The mean minimum area was 11.84±3.11 mm2. The mean minimum diameter was 3.28±0.55 mm. A total of 39.4% (132/335) of patients had asymmetric canal lengths, 18.8% (63/335) had asymmetric minimum areas, and 12.5% (42/335) had asymmetric minimum diameters. No differences were found between racial groups. The right optic canal was larger than the left (right: 12.12 mm vs left: 11.55 mm, p<0.0001).ConclusionOptic canal asymmetry is not uncommon. It may affect risk of papilloedema severity, explain cases of unilateral or asymmetric papilloedema and possibly asymmetric glaucoma.

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Prevalence of small for gestational age newborns and associated factors in a Brazilian Northeast capital

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/1806-93042018000300006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 539-547

Author(s):

Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenório ◽

Marilene Brandão Tenório ◽

Raphaela Costa Ferreira ◽

Carolina Santos Mello ◽

Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Hierarchical Model ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the factors associated with the birth of small for gestational age (SGA)infants, in a Northeastern Brazilian capital. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 331 pregnant women and their newborns attending the public health network in the city of Maceió, in 2014. Maternal antenatal data were collected (socioeconomic, lifestyle, clinical and nutritional) as well as data of the newborns (gestational age, mode of delivery, sex, birth weight and length), after delivery. Birth weight was classified according to the INTERGROWTH-21st curves, being considered SGA those below the 10th percentile according to gestational age and gender. The results were analyzed by Poisson regression using a hierarchical model and were expressed as prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI95%). Results: it was verified that 5.1% of the newborns were SGA. Regarding the associated factors, after adjustment of the hierarchical model, the variable working outside the home was associated with the endpoint studied [PR = 0.14; (CI95% = 0.02-0.75); p=0.022]. Conclusions: it was verified a low frequency of SGA infants in the evaluated population. The fact that the mother works outside the home proved to be a protective factor for this condition.

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Off-label drug prescriptions in French general practice: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e026076 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

François Drogou ◽

Allison Netboute ◽

Joris Giai ◽

Xavier Dode ◽

David Darmon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Drug Prescription ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drug Prescriptions ◽

Off Label Use ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Off Label ◽

Label Use

ObjectivesOff-label drug prescribing is a public health and economic issue. The aim of this study was to describe off-label prescription in general practice in France, in terms of frequency and nature, and to identify its main determining factors.DesignMulticentre cross-sectional studySettingTwenty-three training general practice officesParticipantsAll the voluntary patients coming for a medical consultation or visited at home over a cumulative period of 5 days per office between November 2015 and January 2016.MethodsEleven interns, acting as observers, collected data. Two reviewers analysed the drugs prescribed by the trainers, in order to identify those prescribed off-label in terms of their indication or the age of the patient. We used a univariate, then a multivariate model, based on hierarchical mixed-effects logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 4932 drug prescriptions registered, 911 (18.5%[95% CI17.4% to 19.6%]) were off-label, of which 865 (17.6%) due to the indication of the drug and 58 (1.2%) due to the age of the patient. The prescription never mentioned the off-label use, neither was the patient informed of it, as required by the French law. With the multivariate analysis, variables contributing to off-label prescription were the number of drugs (OR=1.05 for each additional drug), the initiation of new drug therapy (OR=1.26) and the non-specific goal of the prescription (OR=1.43); the age of the patient ≤14 years (OR=1.42); the rural location of the physician’s practice (OR=1.38) and the low frequency of the visits of national health insurance representatives (OR=0.93).ConclusionAlmost one out of five drugs prescribed in French general practice was off-label. It seems necessary to better train physicians in clinical pharmacology, to provide them with more effective drug prescription software, to reinforce postmarketing surveillance and to clearly define off-label use by consensus.

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