scholarly journals Salivary antioxidant status and oral health in children and adolescents

New Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Piekoszewska-Ziętek ◽  
Emilia Raćkowska ◽  
Natalia Korytowska ◽  
Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Introduction. The pathogenesis of oral diseases may be associated with oxidative stress. Salivary antioxidant system constitutes one of the key salivary defence mechanisms against pathogens and a protective factor for oral cavity. Aim. To investigate the relationship between oral health (hygiene level, gingival and dental health), age and gender and antioxidant capacity parameters in children and adolescents with permanent dentition. Material and methods. A total of 87 patients were examined. DMFT/DMFS and white spot lesions (WSL), oral hygiene level and gingival health were assessed. Salivary samples were collected from all participants. Unstimulated salivary flow was calculated and salivary samples were assayed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results. Antioxidant capacity parameters were lower in patients with caries, active caries, white spot lesions, poor oral hygiene and gingivitis, but the differences were not statistically significant. Oxidative stress parameters were significantly higher in low unstimulated salivary flow. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed no relationship between TAC or FRAP values and patients’ gender, but there was a positive correlation between TAC/FRAP and patients’ age. Conclusions. Salivary antioxidant capacity parameters differ in certain oral conditions. There is a correlation between salivary antioxidant capacity parameters and patients’ age.

PSXV-27 Late-Breaking: Evaluation of antioxidant capacity in receiving beef calves challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 381-382
Author(s):  
Samantha N Barker ◽  
Treylr Jackson ◽  
John Richeson ◽  
Jeff A Carroll ◽  
Nicole C Burdick-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Endotoxin Challenge ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Lps Challenge

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant capacity in plasma of beef calves challenged with LPS. Following an initial feeding period of 40 d, steers (n = 32; 379 kg ± 30.7) were transported to the Livestock Issues Research Unit’s Bovine Immunology Research and Development Complex and challenged intravenously with LPS (0.25 µg/kg BW) on d 41. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheter at -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 h relative to the LPS challenge at 0 h. Blood samples were processed to isolate plasma for indicators of oxidative stress with a colorimetric assay to determine ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values via concentration of ferrous iron (µM). Data were analyzed as repeated measures using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Antioxidant values did vary with time (P < 0.001) being greater (P < 0.05) at -2, 0, 2, 36, and 48 h. Antioxidant capacity was reduced at 6 and 8 h (P < 0.05), with the least FRAP value observed at 8 h post-challenge. Antioxidant capacity increased (P < 0.05) again at 10 h, showing similar (P > 0.05) concentrations to those observed at 4 h. By 24 h post-challenge, plasma FRAP values increased (P < 0.05) similar to initial values at -2, 0, and 2 h. It can be inferred that oxidative stress contributes to reduced antioxidant capacity, ultimately interfering with animal growth and productivity. While these values reflect the oxidative stress response to an acute endotoxin challenge, and a subsequent recovery returning to homeostasis within 24 to 48 h, they may also correlate with other physiological and immunological indicators associated with an acute endotoxin challenge.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Salivary and Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation in Postmenopausal Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Zovari ◽  
Hadi Parsian ◽  
Ali Bijani ◽  
Ameneh Moslemnezhad ◽  
Atena Shirzad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Objective. In menopause, reduction of estrogen hormone affects oxidative stress process in serum. Oxidative stress in saliva plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in the serum and saliva of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods. In this case control study, 50 postmenopausal women (case group) and 48 premenopausal women (control group) were selected. The unstimulated whole saliva and serum of the postmenopausal and premenopausal women were collected. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the saliva and serum was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method for serum and saliva. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 17, whereby Mann–Whitney test and Spearman’s correlation test were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The postmenopausal group had significantly lower mean serum TAC and higher mean serum MDA than the control group ( P < 0 < 001 and P < 0.01 , respectively). The mean salivary TAC and MDA, however, did not differ significantly between the case and control group ( P = 0.64 and P = 0.08 , respectively). Conclusion. In postmenopausal women, with elevation of serum MDA and reduction of serum TAC, the extent of serum oxidative stress grows, but MDA and TAC levels of saliva do not change.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish and Fluoride Varnish on White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients- a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Aravinthrajkumar Govindaraj ◽  
S.P. Saravana Dinesh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Aim: The aim of this study is to critically review the studies that studied the effect of Chlorhexidine varnish and fluoride varnish on White Spot Lesion (WSL) in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The electronic database PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge along with a complimentary manual search of all orthodontic journals till the first week of December 2019 was searched. English language study performed on humans, randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials, comparing the effect of fluoride and chlorhexidine varnish on WSL was included in the review. Quality assessment of included studies was performed. Clinical Significance: The need for an adjunct oral hygiene aid to reduce the incidence and prevalence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients is necessary. The use of these varnishes will aid in the same and thus make the adverse effects of fixed orthodontic treatment negligible. Review of Literature: Enamel demineralization is a significant risk associated with orthodontic treatment when oral hygiene is poor. Prevention of demineralization during orthodontic treatment is one of the greatest challenges faced by clinicians despite modern advances in caries prevention. The development of White Spot Lesions (WSLs) is attributed to prolonged plaque accumulation around the brackets. Results: The search identified a total of 3 studies that were included in this review. One study had Low risk of bias and the remaining 2 studies had moderate overall risk. Results showed that there was a reduction in the incidence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients after application of chlorhexidine and Fluoride varnish. Conclusion: Low level evidence is available to conclude that the use of chlorhexidine varnishes and fluoride varnishes reduces the prevalence of white spot lesions in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Due to its limitations, the results of this systematic review should be handled with caution and further well-planned Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) are needed to provide a discrete conclusion.

scholarly journals Oral health of children and adolescents with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Ehlers ◽  
Angelika Callaway ◽  
Sophia Wantzen ◽  
Michael Patyna ◽  
James Deschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as childhood neurobehavioural disorder. Due to short attention span, oral hygiene and dental treatment of such individuals can be challenging. Aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of children and adolescents with and without ADHD living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Methods: Included in the study were 79 participants (male/female:58/21, age 9-15 years) living in residential care: 34 participants with ADHD and 45 participants without ADHD (control). Oral examination included the following parameters decayed, missing, filled teeth in the primary dentition (dmft), decayed, missing, filled surfaces/teeth in the secondary dentition (DMFS/DMFT), approximal plaque index (API), bruxism and orthodontic treatment. Additionally, oral hygiene, last dental visit and treatment performed, and dietary habits were assessed by questionnaire. Results: There were no significant differences in dmft, API, bruxism and oral hygiene habits between groups. However, participants with ADHD tended to have higher DMFS/DMFT values than the control group. Ongoing orthodontic treatment was found more often in the control group. The ADHD group tended to consume acidic/sugary beverages and sweet snacks more often than the controls. Different treatments (control visit/prophylaxis, dental therapy, orthodontic treatment) were performed at the last dental visit in the two groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study , oral health was similar in children and adolescents with or without ADHD from the same residential care setting. Parents/guardians need instructions for better supervision of oral hygiene and dietary habits to improve the poor oral health of children with or without ADHD.

scholarly journals The Effect of Regime Oral-Hygiene Intervention on the Incidence of New White Spot Lesions in Teenagers Treated with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9460
Author(s):  
Urszula Kozak ◽  
Anna Sękowska ◽  
Renata Chałas
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the oral-hygiene regime on the incidence of enamel demineralization in young patients treated with fixed appliances. Research was conducted in a group of 144 patients aged 12–18 years, divided into 2 groups: orthodontically treated and control. The study was divided into three stages: before treatment (I), at 1 month (II), and at 6 months (III) for their follow-up. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) was used for the visual assessment of white spot lesions (WSL). After 1 month, no new white spot lesions were observed. After 6 months of the treatment, new lesions were observed in 5% of the orthodontically treated patients and in 6% of the patients in the control group. New decalcifications were located on the proximal surfaces of the central incisors, first premolars, and first molars in the orthodontically treated group; and on the lateral incisors, first premolars, and first molars in the control group. We also observed new enamel demineralization on the vestibular surfaces of the canine and first premolar in the study group. The placement of a fixed appliance did not significantly affect teeth with the presence of new white spot lesions compared to the control group during 6 months of observation.

scholarly journals Caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 0 to 36 months

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Pires dos Santos ◽  
Vera Mendes Soviero
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Chi Squared

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of caries and risk factors in outpatients of the Pediatric Ambulatory of the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital aging up to 36 months. After signing informed consent forms, the parents answered a structured questionnaire in order to evaluate risk factors for dental caries, including socioeconomic status, oral hygiene and dietary habits. A single investigator carried out the dental examination which assessed the presence of caries, biofilm and gingival bleeding. The data were analyzed by means of the Epi Info program, utilizing the chi-squared test. The children’s mean age was 22.9 months. The prevalence of caries, including white spot lesions, was 41.6%, and the mean def-s was 1.7 (± 2.5). The most affected teeth were the maxillary incisors, and the most common lesion was the white spot. No significant associations were found between the prevalence of caries and socioeconomic status, frequency of oral hygiene, nocturnal bottle- and breast-feeding or cariogenic food and beverage intake during the day. However, the association between caries and oral hygiene quality (dental biofilm) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The results suggest that the presence of a thick biofilm was the most important factor for the occurrence of early childhood caries in the evaluated sample.

scholarly journals A 12-Week Assessment of the Treatment of White Spot Lesions with CPP-ACP Paste and/or Fluoride Varnish

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Aslı Güçlü ◽  
Alev Alaçam ◽  
Nichola Jayne Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Laser Fluorescence ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

This 12-week clinical study evaluated the impact of 10% CPP-ACP and 5% sodium fluoride varnish regimes on the regression of nonorthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs). The study included 21 children with 101 WSLs who were randomised into four treatment regimes: weekly clinical applications of fluoride varnish for the first month (FV); twice daily self-applications of CPP-ACP paste (CPP-ACP); weekly applications of fluoride varnish for the first month and twice daily self-applications of CPP-ACP paste (CPP-ACP-FV); and no intervention (control). All groups undertook a standard oral hygiene protocol and weekly consultation. Visual appraisals and laser fluorescence (LF) measurements were made in weeks one and twelve. The majority of WSLs in the control and FV groups exhibited no shift in appearance, whereas, in the CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP-FV groups, the lesions predominantly regressed. The visual and LF assessments indicated that the extent of remineralisation afforded by the treatments was of the following order: control ~ FV < CPP-ACP ~ CPP-ACP-FV. Self-applications of CPP-ACP paste as an adjunct to standard oral hygiene significantly improved the appearance and remineralisation of WSLs. No advantage was observed for the use of fluoride varnish as a supplement to either the standard or CPP-ACP-enhanced oral hygiene regimes.

scholarly journals Oral Health Status After Orthodontic Treatment: a Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 441-448
Author(s):  
Gul Yildiz Telatar ◽  
Baris Can Telatar
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference

Orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity may cause problems such as white spot lesions, dental plaque, periodontal disease and root resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between orthodontic treatment and oral health parameters including visible dental plaque, gingival recession and white spot lesions (WSLs). A total of 170 patients (86 females, 84 males) were randomly selected to determine visible dental plaque, gingival recession and white spot lesions by using pre-treatment and post-treatment oral photographs. Except of previously extracted teeth, maxillary and mandibular incisors, canine, 1st and 2nd premolars and 1st molar were evaluated. There was a significant difference between the T0 (before treatment) and T1 (after treatment) groups in visible plaque (P< 0.001). The distribution of gingival recession frequencies according to Miller classification before treatment did not differ from the after treatment (P=.082). A statistically significant increase in the severity of WSL was detected between the two time points (P< 0.001). Males have been shown to have higher WSL incidence after treatment. In conclusion, the present study showed that visible dental plaque and white spot lesions significant increase after orthodontic treatment. Considering the relationship between oral health and orthodontic treatment, clinicians and patients should know the risks and take precautions.

scholarly journals Dietary Antioxidant Capacity Promotes a Protective Effect against Exacerbated Oxidative Stress in Women Undergoing Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer in a Prospective Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4324
Author(s):  
Luiza Kuhnen Reitz ◽  
Jaqueline Schroeder ◽  
Giana Zarbato Longo ◽  
Brunna Cristina Bremer Boaventura ◽  
Patrícia Faria Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant Capacity

Breast cancer (Bca) is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, and oxidative stress caused by adjuvant treatment may be decreased by antioxidant intake. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between Dietary antioxidant Capacity (DaC) and oxidation and antioxidant biomarkers in women undergoing adjuvant treatment (AT) for Bca. This prospective study had a sample of 70 women (52.2 ± 10.7 y). DaC (mmol/g) was calculated using nutritional data obtained from a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and blood was collected to measure the oxidation and antioxidant biomarkers at baseline (T0), and after AT (T1). Carbonylated protein levels were inversely associated with DaC at T1 (p = 0.004); women showed an increased risk of having increment on lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and decrement on ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione after AT, in response to lowered DaC (p < 0.05). Carbonylated proteins, TBARS and FRAP levels remained stable between the periods for women at the 3rd DaC tertile at T1, differentiating them from those at the 1st tertile, who showed negative changes in these biomarkers (p < 0.04). DaC may be beneficial for women undergoing AT for Bca, since it promoted a reduction in oxidative stress.

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