Wpływ olejku jodłowego (Abietis aetheroleum) na grzyby drożdżopodobne z rodzaju Candida

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Reference Strains

Introduction. Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) grows in mountainous areas all over Europe. The tree reaches a height of 40 to 60 m. Essential oils obtained from the needles, cones and fir wood by steam distillation differing in composition. The oil obtained from the needles mainly contains L-α-pinene, L-limonene, santene, L-bornyl acetate and laurel aldehyde. In the oil obtained from cones L-limonene, L-α-pinene, borneol and L-bornyl acetate dominated. Fir oil has antioxidant, disinfecting and antiseptic properties. Aim. The aim of the research was to determine the activity of fir oil against yeast-like fungi. Material and methods. 61 strains of yeast-like fungi isolated from the oral cavity and 9 reference strains were used for the study. Susceptibility of yeast-like fungi to fir oil was determined by serial dilution in Sabouraud agar. The inoculum containing 105 CFU/drop was transferred with a Steers replicator to agar plates. The concentrations of the tested oil (Semifarm, Gdańsk) were 20.0, 15.0, 10.0, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5 mg/ml. The oil-free agar was used to control the growth of the strains. Incubation was carried out in aerobic conditions at 37°C for 24-48 hours. The lowest concentration of oil that completely inhibited the growth of yeast-like fungi was assumed as the MIC. Results. The results of the research carried out indicate that fir oil showed moderate activity against fungi tested. Concentrations in the range ≤ 5.0-7.5 mg/ml inhibited the growth of 10 (16.3%) strains. However, 7.5-15.0 mg/ml of the oil was active against 48 (78.7%) strains. Only 3 (5%) strains were sensitive to 20.0 mg/ml oil or more. The C. utilis strains turned out to be the most sensitive (MIC = 2.5 mg/ml). Higher concentrations (≤ 2.5-10.0 mg/ml) inhibited the growth of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis. C. krusei and C. kefyr strains were sensitive to 5.0-15.0 mg/ml of oil, C. guilliermondii to 7.5-10.0 mg/ml, C. lusitaniae to 7.5-≥ 20.0 mg/ml and C. humicola to 15.0 mg/ml. The oil was less active against C. tropicalis (MIC ≤ 2.5-≥ 20.0 mg/ml). Conclusions. Fir oil showed the greatest activity against strains of yeast-like fungi of the C. utilis species. C. glabrata strains were characterized by moderate susceptibility. The oil showed moderate activity against C. albicans, which is often involved in infections.

scholarly journals The influence of air-dispersed essential oils from lemon (Citrus limon) and silver fir (Abies alba) on airborne bacteria and fungi in hospital rooms

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Lanzerstorfer ◽  
Melanie Hackl ◽  
Matthias Schlömer ◽  
Brigitte Rest ◽  
Evelyn Deutsch-Grasl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

scholarly journals Essential Oil Analysis of the Follicles of Four North American Magnolia Species

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schühly ◽  
Samir A. Ross ◽  
Zlatko Mehmedic ◽  
Nikolaus H. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
North American ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Analysis

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by steam distillation of fruits (follicles) of Magnolia fraseri Walt., M. tripetala L., M. acuminata L., and M. grandiflora L., collected in the Southeastern United States, were studied by GC/MS. A total of 35 out of 41 components were identified, most of which were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Among the four investigated species, only few similarities in the compound patterns were found. The major constituents (> 10% of the essential oil) were found to be trans-nerolidol (20.0%) and 9-oxofarnesol (11.0%) in M. acuminata, β-pinene (26.3%) and β-myrcene (13.1%) in M. fraseri, β-elemene (12.2%) in M. grandiflora and bornyl acetate (17.0%), and β-caryophyllene (21.0%) and α-humulene in M. tripetala.

Foliar and Cortex Oleoresin Variability of Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Albania

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazmend Zeneli ◽  
Christina Tsitsimpikou ◽  
Panos V. Petrakis ◽  
George Naxakis ◽  
Dalip Habili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
A Minor

Terpene composition of needle and cortical oleoresin from lateral shoots were analyzed by GC/MS for four Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations scattered in natural species range in Albania. More than sixty compounds were detected in the needle oleoresin, which was characterized by a high content of α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, limonene and bornyl acetate. Three monoterpenes, α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene, and two sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D, comprised the majority of cortical oleoresin. The terpene composition differences among the populations that led to the recognition of two chemo-types. The needle oleoresin from the provinces of Puka, Bulqiza and Llogara were characterised by high amounts of β-pinene, camphene and α-pinene and low amounts of limonene, while that from Drenova had high amounts of β-pinene and limonene. A similar pattern was found in the cortical oleoresin with the exception of camphene that was a minor contributor. Geographical and seasonal variation between the populations was, also, investigated. Multi­variate analysis of both needle and cortical oleoresin separated Drenova (southeastern population) from the other sites. When both major monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were considered four chemical profiles could be attributed. Based on their chemical profiles, the populations can be divided into two groups:Populations with high content of β-pinene and α-pinene but a low content of limonene (Puka, Bulqiza and Llogara), typical of most of A. alba populations in all its distribution range.Population with a high content of limonene and a moderate content of β-pinene and α-pinene (Drenova)

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Essential Oils of Four Juniper Species and Their Potential as Biopesticides

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6358
Author(s):  
Ivanka Semerdjieva ◽  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Tzenka Radoukova ◽  
Ivayla Dincheva ◽  
Neshka Piperkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Respective Species ◽  
Plant Sex

The objective of this study was to assess the biological activity of essential oils (EOs) of four Juniperus species obtained via two different distillation methods and their potential as biopesticides. The studied factors were juniper species (Juniperus communis L., J. oxyсedrus L., J. pygmaea C. Koch., and J. sibirica Burgsd), plant sex (male (M) and female (F)), and distillation method (hydrodistillation via a standard Clevenger apparatus (ClevA) and semi-commercial (SCom) steam distillation). The hypothesis was that the EO will have differential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activities as a function of plant species, plant sex, and distillation method. The two distillation methods resulted in similar EO composition within a given species. However, there were differences in the EO content (yield) due to the sex of the plant, and also differences in the proportions of some EO components. The concentration of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, δ-cadinene and δ-cadinol was dissimilar between the EO of M and F plants within all four species. Additionally, M and F plants of J. pygmaea, and J. sibirica had significantly different concentrations of sabinene within the respective species. The EOs obtained via ClevA extraction showed higher antioxidant capacity within a species compared with those from SCom extraction. All of the tested EOs had significant repellent and insecticidal activity against the two aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi (bird cherry-oat aphid) and Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid) at concentrations of the EO in the solution of 1%, 2.5%, and 5%. The tested EOs demonstrated moderate activity against selected pathogens Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum spp., Rhizoctonia solani and Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum. The results demonstrate that the standard ClevA would provide comparable EO content and composition in comparison with SCom steam distillation; however, even slight differences in the EO composition may translate into differential bioactivity.

Aristolochia triangularis Cham. stems and leaves essential oils and their antimicrobial and antimycobacterial effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionara I. Dalcol ◽  
Alessandra O. Pereira ◽  
Luisa H. Paz ◽  
Gabriela Benetti ◽  
Fallon S. Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Background: Aristolochia triangularis Cham., popularly known as the "cipó-mil-homens", "angelicó" and "ypê-mi", is applied for the treatment of wounds, skin diseases (6,7), digestive and circulatory system diseases as an antipyretic and for malaria fever. Objective: In this work we investigated the chemical composition, the antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activities of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from A. triangularis fresh stems and leaves collected in Southern Brazil. Methods: Fresh stems and fresh leaves of Aristolochia triangularis Cham. were separately subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The oil samples were evaluated for their antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal activities against twenty-four microorganisms. Results: Hydrodistillation of fresh stems and leaves of A. triangularis resulted in 0.16% (w/w) and 0.37% (w/w) respectively of light-yellow oils. Germacrene D is found in 13.2 - 13.5% in both EOs. The constituent most abundant in the stems EO (19.18%) was the oxygenated diterpene ent-Kaur-16-en-19-al (10), along with E-nerolidol (17.89%). The main constituents of the leaves EO were bicyclogermacrene (24.79%), β-elemene (11.30%), E-caryophyllene (10.40%) and germacrene A (9.42%), in addition to the previously mentioned germacrene D. The stems and leaves EOs showed capacity to inhibit the Gram-negative Enterobacter aerogenes and the stems EO capacity to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values of 31.2 µg/mL. S. aureus was moderately sensitive to leaves EO, while stems EO displayed moderate activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhimurium (MIC values of 62.5 µg/mL). Candida glabrata was highly susceptible to both EOs (MIC values < 3.9 µg/mL). The EOs showed moderate potential to inhibit the growth of Cryptococcus gatti and Cryptococcus neoformans (MICs of 62.5 μg/mL). Conclusion: The A. triangularis essential oils from stems and leaves displayed capacity to inhibit Enterobacter aerogenes (MIC values of 31.2 µg/mL) and high antifungal effect against Candida glabrata (MIC values of <3.9 µg/mL). Mycobacterium massiliense and M. abscessus were susceptible to the leaves EO, with MICs of 39.06 μg/mL. These results showed the A. triangularis essential oils potential as antifungal and antimycobacterial to be used in the development of new antibiotic.

scholarly journals Biological Properties of Essential Oils from Thymus algeriensis Boiss

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Hamza Ouakouak ◽  
Adel Benarfa ◽  
Mohammed Messaoudi ◽  
Samir Begaa ◽  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Thymus Algeriensis

This study describes the chemical composition, antitumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the plant Thymus algeriensis Boiss. Essential oils (EOs) were collected in different periods (before, during, and after flowering stage) from the El-Guetfa region, M’sila, Algeria. The EOs extraction was achieved using three distinguishing techniques: hydro (Clevenger trap), steam, and microwave distillations, targeting different aerial parts of the plant (stems, flowers, and leaves). The EOs chemical components were estimated using GC-FID and GC-MS apparatuses. The resulting yield of the extracted oil was moderate and ranged between 0.84 and 1.53% (wt/vol). In total, eighty-five components were identified, in which the oxygenated monoterpenes family formed the main portion, starting from 40.56 up to 70.66%. The obtained essential oil was dominated by five major components that varied from low to quite moderate percentages: camphor (17.45–32.56%), borneol (11.16–22.2%), camphene (7.53–12.86%), 1.8-cineole (5.16–11.21%), and bornyl acetate (3.86–7.92%). The biological results of this oil pointed out that the EOs extracted from the leaves part exposed a weak radical scavenging activity afterward using two well-known antioxidant assays DPPH (IC50 = 8.37 mg/mL) and ABTS (10.84 mg/mL). Meanwhile, this oil presented strong inhibition activity against colon cancer cell line HCT116 (LC50 = 39.8 µg/mL) and a moderate inhibitory against hepatocellular cancer cells HePG2 (LC50 > 100 µg/mL). In addition, this oil antimicrobial activity was quite important against Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), Staphylococcus aureus CIP 7625, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 4226, Candida albicans IPA200, Candida tropicalis (Ct), and Candida glabrata (Cg) after using Amoxicillin and Itraconazole as references.

scholarly journals Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Unuk Nahberger ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Hojka Kraigher ◽  
Tine Grebenc
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Parameters

AbstractSpecies of the genus Tuber have gained a lot of attention in recent decades due to their aromatic hypogenous fruitbodies, which can bring high prices on the market. The tendency in truffle production is to infect oak, hazel, beech, etc. in greenhouse conditions. We aimed to show whether silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) can be an appropriate host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, and how earthworms in the inoculation substrate would affect the mycorrhization dynamics. Silver fir seedlings inoculated with Tuber. aestivum were analyzed for root system parameters and mycorrhization, how earthworms affect the bare root system, and if mycorrhization parameters change when earthworms are added to the inoculation substrate. Seedlings were analyzed 6 and 12 months after spore inoculation. Mycorrhization with or without earthworms revealed contrasting effects on fine root biomass and morphology of silver fir seedlings. Only a few of the assessed fine root parameters showed statistically significant response, namely higher fine root biomass and fine root tip density in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 6 months after inoculation, lower fine root tip density when earthworms were added, the specific root tip density increased in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 12 months after inoculation, and general negative effect of earthworm on branching density. Silver fir was confirmed as a suitable host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, with 6% and 35% mycorrhization 6 months after inoculation and between 36% and 55% mycorrhization 12 months after inoculation. The effect of earthworms on mycorrhization of silver fir with Tuber aestivum was positive only after 6 months of mycorrhization, while this effect disappeared and turned insignificantly negative after 12 months due to the secondary effect of grazing on ectomycorrhizal root tips.

scholarly journals Impact of Industrial Pollution on Radial Growth of Conifers in a Former Mining Area in the Eastern Carpathians (Northern Romania)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Cristian Gheorghe Sidor ◽  
Radu Vlad ◽  
Ionel Popa ◽  
Anca Semeniuc ◽  
Ecaterina Apostol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to evaluate the impact of local industrial pollution on radial growth in affected Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands in the Tarnița study area in Suceava. For northeastern Romania, the Tarnița mining operation constituted a hotspot of industrial pollution. The primary processing of non-ferrous ores containing heavy metals in the form of complex sulfides was the main cause of pollution in the Tarnița region from 1968 to 1990. Air pollution of Tarnița induced substantial tree growth reduction from 1978 to 1990, causing a decline in tree health and vitality. Growth decline in stands located over 6 km from the pollution source was weaker or absent. Spruce trees were much less affected by the phenomenon of local pollution than fir trees. We analyzed the dynamics of resilience indices and average radial growth indices and found that the period in which the trees suffered the most from local pollution was between 1978 and 1984. Growth recovery of the intensively polluted stand was observed after the 1990s when the environmental condition improved because of a significant reduction in air pollution.

Comparison of Terpene Composition in Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii) Using Hydrodistillation, SPME and PLE

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Mardarowicz ◽  
Dorota Wianowska ◽  
Andrzej L. Dawidowicz ◽  
Ryszard Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Pressurised Liquid Extraction ◽  
Conifer Trees ◽  
Spruce Needles

Abstract Terpenes emitted by conifer trees are generally determined by analysing plant extracts or essential oils, prepared from foliage and cones using steam distillation. The application of these procedures limits experiments to cut plant materials. Recently headspace techniques have been adopted to examine terpene emission by living plants. This paper deals with the application of solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) for the analysis of terpenes emitted by conifers foliage of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), including its seedlings. The compositions of SPME extracts obtained for destroyed and non-destroyed old and juvenile spruce needles were compared with the compositions of essential oils and pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) extracts corresponding to the same plant materials. No substantial differences have been found in the qualitative terpene composition estimated by analysing essential oil and PLE and SPME extracts from non-destroyed old and juvenile foliage. The disintegration of spruce needles results in the formation of a significant amount of myrcene in the case of the old conifer foliage and non-terpenoic compounds in the case of juvenile conifer foliage. This phenomenon can be attributed to enzymatic reactions occurring in the destroyed plant cells.

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