Implementasi Color Quantization pada Kompresi Citra Digital dengan Menggunakan Model Clustering Berdasarkan Nilai Max Variance pada Ruang Warna RGB

Kompresi citra dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan color quantization di mana dengan mengurangi jumlah warna yang terdapat pada citra maka akan dapat mengurangi jumlah bit yang digunakan untuk merepresentasikan warna – warna tersebut. Semakin rendah jumlah warna yang dikurangi dalam rangka mencapai rasio kompresi yang optimal berdampak pada terdegradasinya kualitas dari citra. Secara umum color quantization menggunakan model clustering dalam proses pembentukan color palette yang akan digunakan sebagai referensi pada saat kuantisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan model clustering berdasarkan nilai max variance pada channel RGB secara terpisah. Proses clustering dilakukan dengan membelah populasi cluster sebelumnya menggunakan nilai mean dari channel RGB yang memiliki nilai variance tertinggi. Color palette kemudian dibentuk menggunakan centroid hasil dari proses clustering. Percobaan pada beberapa citra uji dengan format 32bpp yang kemudian dikompresi menggunakan kuantisasi warna pada format 8bpp dan 4bpp memberikan kualitas dan rasio kompresi yang cukup baik yang diukur menggunakan ukuran MSE, PSNR dan CR di mana nilai MSE yang diperoleh berkisar 3.87 sampai 6.3 pada kuantisasi 8bpp dan 13.39 sampai 19.62 pada kuantisasi 4bpp. Sedangkan rasio kompresi yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 1.44 sampai 2.09 pada kuantisasi 8bpp dan 2.87 sampai 4.23 pada kuantisasi 4bpp. AbstractImage compression can be done by using color quantization where by reducing the number of colors contained in the image it can reduce the number of bits used to represent the colors. The lower the number of colors reduced in order to achieve the optimal compression ratio has an impact on the quality of the image. In general, color quantization uses clustering models in the process of constructing color palette that will be used as a reference during quantization. This study uses a clustering model based on the max variance value on the RGB channel separately. The clustering process is done by dividing the previous cluster population using the mean value of the RGB channel which has the highest variance value. The color palette is then formed using centroids resulting from the clustering process. Experiments on some test images in 32bpp format which are then compressed using color quantization in 8bpp and 4bpp formats provide a fairly good quality and compression ratio with MSE, PSNR and CR assessment where the MSE values obtained ranged from 3.87 to 6.3 at 8bpp quantization and 13.39 to 19.62 at 4bpp quantization. While the compression ratio obtained is 1.44 to 2.09 at 8bpp quantization and 2.87 to 4.23 at 4bpp quantization

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Modeling and forecasting the peak flows of a river

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1080/1024123021000061935 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 553-562

Author(s):

Mario Lefebvre

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Stochastic Model ◽

Peak Flow ◽

Mean Value ◽

Standard Errors ◽

Peak Flows ◽

Model Based ◽

Modeling And Forecasting ◽

The Mean

A stochastic model is found for the value of the peak flows of the Mistassibi river in Québec, Canada, when the river is in spate. Next, the objective is to forecast the value of the coming peak flow about four days in advance, when the flow begins to show a marked increase. Both the stochastic model proposed in the paper and a model based on linear regression are used to produce the forecasts. The quality of the forecasts is assessed by considering the standard errors and the peak criterion. The forecasts are much more accurate than those obtained by taking the mean value of the previous peak flows.

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3D DCT Based Image Compression Method for the Medical Endoscopic Application

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051817 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1817

Author(s):

Jiawen Xue ◽

Li Yin ◽

Zehua Lan ◽

Mingzhu Long ◽

Guolin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Compression ◽

Compression Ratio ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Blocking Artifacts ◽

Compression Method ◽

High Compression Ratio ◽

Multiplication Operation ◽

3D Data ◽

Wireless Capsule

This paper proposes a novel 3D discrete cosine transform (DCT) based image compression method for medical endoscopic applications. Due to the high correlation among color components of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) images, the original 2D Bayer data pattern is reconstructed into a new 3D data pattern, and 3D DCT is adopted to compress the 3D data for high compression ratio and high quality. For the low computational complexity of 3D-DCT, an optimized 4-point DCT butterfly structure without multiplication operation is proposed. Due to the unique characteristics of the 3D data pattern, the quantization and zigzag scan are ameliorated. To further improve the visual quality of decompressed images, a frequency-domain filter is proposed to eliminate the blocking artifacts adaptively. Experiments show that our method attains an average compression ratio (CR) of 22.94:1 with the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of 40.73 dB, which outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

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Quality of life of obstetrics fistula patients before and after surgical repair in the Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01360-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tilahun Fufa Debela ◽

Zerihun Asefa Hordofa ◽

Aster Berhe Aregawi ◽

Demisew Amenu Sori

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Surgical Repair ◽

Obstetric Fistula ◽

Medical Center ◽

Mean Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Jimma University

Abstract Background The consequences of obstetric fistula on affected women are more than the medical condition. It has extensive physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences on them. Obstetric fistula affects the entire health and entire life of women. Women suffering from obstetric fistula are often abandoned by her partner, relatives, and the community. This study aimed to determine the quality of life of obstetrics fistula patients before and after surgical repair. Methods Institutional-based prospective, before and after study design was conducted in the Jimma University Medical Center from November 1, 2019–October 30, 2020. A face-to-face interview was conducted with fistula patients who visited Jimma University Medical center, fistula clinic during the study period. All fistula patients were included in the study. Accordingly, 78 women who underwent surgical repair were interviewed. The means and the standard deviation were computed using conventional statistics formulas. The unpaired t-test was used to compare two independent means, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the quality of life before repair and after a successful repair. Linear regression analysis was done for identifying determinants of quality of life. A P value of 0.05 will be considered statistical significance. Result The overall quality of life of women was 58.17 ± 7.2 before the surgical repair and 71.20 ± 10.79 after surgical repair. The result indicates there is a significant difference in the mean value of pre and post-operative (P < 0.001). The overall satisfaction of women with their health status before the surgical repair was 22.5 ± 1.30and it has increased to 53.0 ± .90after surgical repair. The physical health dimension score was 16.51 ± 5.27 before the surgical repair while it has increased to 21.77 ± 5.38 after the surgical repair. The score of the social domain before the surgical repair was 5.19 ± 1.34 and it has increased to 7.13 ± 3.67 after the surgical repair. The score of the environmental health domain was 17.41 ± 2.89 before the surgery while it also increased to 21.65 ± 4.04 after the surgical repair. The results have shown there was a significant difference in the mean values of pre and post-operatives in both social and environmental scores (P < 0.001). The score of the psychological health domain before the surgery was 19.06 ± 1.46 and it was increased to 19.84 ± 3.21 after the surgical repair. The result showed there is a significant difference in mean value pre and post-operative (P = 0.048), though it is a slight improvement compared to other domains. Conclusion The overall quality of life of the patient with fistula was improved after successful surgical repair. Although all domains of quality of life had shown significant improvement after successful surgical repair, the psychological domain showed slight improvement.

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AB0101 THE IMPACT OF TIME SPAN TO ACHIEVE BOOLEAN REMISSION FOR MAINTAINING DISEASE ACTIVITY AFTER ACQUISITION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENT

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1079.1-1079

Author(s):

I. Yoshii

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Remission Rate ◽

Mean Value ◽

Time Span ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

Background:Boolean remission criteria is one most popular and stringent criteria in treating patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), because it may guarantees a stable clinical course after attaining remission.Objectives:Impact of time span from initiation to achieving Boolean remission on maintaining disease activity, daily activities, and quality of life after attaining Boolean remission was investigated from daily clinical practice data.Methods:685 patients with RA since August 2010 under the T2T strategy were treated. They were monitored for their TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, CRP, and disease activity indices such as CDAI, SDAI, DAS28, and Boolean criteria at every visit. HAQ-DI score, pain score using visual analog scale (PS-VAS), and EQ-5D were also monitored, and the quality of life score (QOLS) calculated from EQ-5D was determined at every visit from the time of diagnosis (baseline).Of 685 patients, 465 patients had achieved Boolean remission >1 times, and were consecutively followed up for >3 years. These patients were enrolled in the study. Time span from the first visit to first Boolean remission was calculated. The relationship between the time span and each of background parameters, and the relationship between the time span and each of the mean values of the SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS at the first Boolean remission and thereafter was evaluated statistically.Patients were subsequently divided into the G ≤ 6 and G > 6 groups based on the achievement of first Boolean remission within two groups: time span G ≤ 6 months and G > 6 months. The two groups were compared with regard to the SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS at first visit and at the time of first Boolean remission, and the mean values of these parameters after remission were evaluated statistically. Moreover, changes of these parameters and the mean Boolean remission rate after the first remission, and SDAI remission rate at the first Boolean remission to thereafter were compared between the two groups statistically.Results:Out of 465 patients, females comprised 343 (73.7%), and the mean age was 67.8 years (range, from 21–95 years). The mean disease duration at first visit was 6.1 years (range, from 1 months–45 years). The mean follow up length was 88.1 months (range: 36–122 months; median: 85 months) and mean time span from the first visit to the first Boolean remission was 8.1 months. The mean SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, and the QOLS at first visit were 13.3, 0.467, 33.2, and 0.834, respectively. Among the study parameters, PS-VAS and QOLS were significantly correlated with the time span. For parameters at the first Boolean remission, HAQ-DI score, PS-VAS, and QOLS demonstrated significant correlation with the time span, whereas SDAI, HAQ-DI score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS after the Boolean remission demonstrated significant correlation with the time span.The comparison between the G ≤ 6 and the G > 6 groups revealed that the disease duration, HAQ score, and PS-VAS at baseline in the G > 6 were significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group, and QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group was significantly higher than that in the G > 6 group at baseline. Similarly, the HAQ score and PS-VAS at the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group were significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group, whereas QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group demonstrated no significant difference compared with that in the G > 6 group.The mean value of the SDAI score after the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group was significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group. Similarly, the SDAI score, HAQ score, and PS-VAS after the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group were also significantly higher than those in the G ≤ 6 group, and the mean value of the QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group were significantly higher than that in the G > 6 group. The Boolean remission rate and SDAI remission rate after the first Boolean remission were significantly higher in the G ≤ 6 group than those in the G > 6 group.Conclusion:Attaining Boolean remission ≤ 6 months for RA has significant benefit for more stable disease control, that leads good maintenance of ADL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PATIENT SATISFACTION AND PEOPLE EQUITY AMONG PARAMEDIC STAFFS IN INPATIENT ROOMS

Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia ◽

10.20473/jaki.v7i2.2019.1-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sendhi Tristanti Puspitasari

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Resource Management ◽

Human Resource Management ◽

Human Resource ◽

Employee Satisfaction ◽

Mean Value ◽

Service Performance ◽

Management Service ◽

The Mean

Background: One of the elements controlling the quality of hospital health services is patient and employee satisfaction. The mean value of patient satisfaction with all parameters of inpatient rooms at the Islamic Hospital in Surabaya from January to August 2016 was 61.3% which is less than the standard of ≥ 90%. Whereas, people equity is a concept of human resource management that signs organizational performance.Aims: This study examined the correlation between patient satisfaction and people equity among paramedic staffs especially in inpatient rooms of the Islamic Hospital in Surabaya.Methods: This study focused on measuring people equity, patient satisfaction, and the correlation between people satisfaction and people equity. The questionnaire used in this study adopted RATER dimensions (Reliability, Assurance, Tangible, Empathy, and Responsiveness).Results: The study found that three inpatient rooms (Muzdalifah, Arofah, and Shofa) did not meet three elements of people equity (Alignment, Capabilities, and Engagement). Patient satisfaction with the inpatient rooms was good, except for the tangible dimension especially room cleanliness which is still relatively low. People equity among the paramedic staff has strong relevance and is directly proportional to patient satisfaction with the inpatient rooms of the Islamic Hospital in Surabaya.Conclusion: Internalizing an organizational culture that considers patient satisfaction and patient equity among paramedic staffs is essential to harmonize the goals, vision, and mission between the hospital and its staffs. This study recommends that there should be a more serious evaluation of the cleanliness of all service units at the Islamic Hospital in Surabaya.Keywords: Patient satisfaction, People equity, Human Resource Management, Service performance.

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KUALITAS HIDUP REMAJA YANG MENGALAMI DISMENORE DI SMK NEGERI 2 SUMEDANG

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v4i2.192 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Nadya Puspita Dewi ◽

Tetti Solehati ◽

Nur Oktavia Hidayati

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Mean Value ◽

Social Dimension ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

School Activities ◽

Emotional Dimension ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

Dysmenorrhea is a pain before or during the menstrual period. The impact of dysmenorrhea are the disruption on physical function, emotional, social and school activities and disruption of quality of life. The study purpose is to detect the quality of life of adolescents with dysmenorrhea.The research method was a quantitative descriptive with total sampling technique to 195 students which selected using dysmenorrhea screening. The data were collected using the pediatric quality of life 4.0 generic module (PedsQL) teens report in Indonesian version which the validity and reliability have been tested. Analysis of data has been done to find out the mean value in each dimension and frequency distribution. The results showed that the mean value of the quality of life of adolescents with dysmenorrhea in general was 62,04 ± 8,15 and 51,8% was in the low. The mean value in physical dimension was 49,36 ± 9,19, emotional dimension was 57,62 ± 13,16, social dimension was 86,38 ± 13,28, and in the school dimension was 62,41 ± 14,77. The quality of life in high categories were in the emotional dimension (60,0%), social dimension (64,1%), and school dimension (60,5%). Meanwhile, the quality of life in low category was in the physical dimension (57,4%). It showed that the quality of life of adolescents with dysmenorrhea in SMK Negeri 2 Sumedang were low. It was recommended to the school and the health office in Sumedang district to provide the reproductive health education, specifically about the prevention and the treatment of dysmenorrhea on adolescents.

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REPUTASI PT PLN (PERSERO) (Survei Deskriptif : Terkait Pemberitaan Adanya Tudingan Mafia Token Listrik Di Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2015)

Communcology Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi ◽

10.21009/communicology.031.03 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 39-51

Author(s):

RIZKY EKO PRABOWO ◽

Maulina Larasati

Keyword(s):

Public Relations ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Public Trust ◽

Mean Value ◽

Public Confidence ◽

Smart Power ◽

Consumer Services ◽

The Mean ◽

Third Dimension

Abstract PT PLN (Persero) bring the Smart Power products. But the implementation, apparently still met the news that affects the reputation of the PT. PLN (Persero) is allegations of mafia token of electricity in the regions of South Tangerang in 2015. The aim of this study was to determine the reputation of PT PLN (Persero) allegations of mafia-related news for token electricity in Sub Cipadu Jaya South Tangerang 2015. In this study the authors used the concept of Crisis Public Relations consisting of Reputation with dimensions of Communication, Professional Attitudes, public trust, product Innovation, Social Responsibility, Quality of Public Consumer Services, Responsive Against Public Feedback. This study uses a quantitative approach and a descriptive study. This study uses a survey by distributing questionnaires. The sample in this study as many as 80 heads of families using purposive sampling technique. Using the mean central tendency. Based on the results of research dimensions to get the lowest mean value lies in the third dimension, namely, Public Trust which has three indicators. Dimensions that have the highest mean value lies in the seventh dimension, namely, Responsive Against Public Feedback has two indicators. Key words : Crisis, Public Confidence, Reputation Abstrak PT PLN (Persero) menghadirkan produk Listrik Pintar. Tetapi pada pelaksanaannya, ditemui pemberitaan yang berpengaruh pada reputasi PT. PLN (Persero), mengenai tudingan mafia token listrik di daerah Tangerang Selatan tahun 2015. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui reputasi PT PLN (Persero) terkait pemberitaan adanya tudingan mafia token listrik di Kelurahan Cipadu Jaya Tangerang Selatan tahun 2015. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan konsep Crisis Public Relations yang terdiri dari Reputasi dengan dimensi Komunikasi, Sikap Profesional, Kepercayaan publik, Inovasi produk, Tanggung Jawab Sosial, Kualitas Layanan Konsumen Publik, Responsive Terhadap Feedback Publik. Penilitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 80 kepala keluarga dengan menggunakan teknik penarikan sampel purposif. Menggunakan tendensi sentral mean. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dimensi yang mendaptkan nilai mean terendah terletak pada dimensi ketiga yaitu, Kepercayaan Publik yang memiliki tiga indikator. Dimensi yang memiliki nilai mean tertinggi terletak pada dimensi ketujuh yaitu, Responsive Terhadap Feedback Publik yang memiliki dua indikator. Kata kunci : Krisis, Kepercayaan Publik Confidence, Reputasi

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Image Compression Algorithm with Radix-4 FFT

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.404 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 143-144 ◽

pp. 404-408

Author(s):

Jia Bin Deng ◽

Juan Li Hu ◽

He Hua Chi ◽

Jue Bo Wu

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Image Compression ◽

Compression Ratio ◽

Conformal Symmetry ◽

Research Focus ◽

Data Store ◽

Long Time ◽

Image Compression Algorithm

Image compression technology has been the research focus in the field of image processing all the time. In this paper, Radix-4 FFT is introduced to realize limit distortion coding of image. The presented method aims to solve the problems of Fourier transform on existing complexity and long time-consuming, and it can reduce the number of data store by conformal symmetry of Fourier transform. Using Radix-4 FFT, the time-consuming can be highly shortened and two different kinds of quantization tables are designed according to image compression ratio and the quality of image.

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The Loss of Vigour and Sowing Value of Yellow Lupin Seeds (Lupinus luteus L.) as a Result of Mechanical Harvesting

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.1515/plass-2016-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 53-62

Author(s):

Agnieszka Faligowska ◽

Grażyna Szymańska ◽

Katarzyna Panasiewicz

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Mean Value ◽

Lupinus Luteus ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Yellow Lupin ◽

Lupin Seeds ◽

The Mean

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of mechanical harvest on the seed quality of yellow lupin. Two effects were studied: the cultivar of yellow lupin (the indeterminate cultivar - Mister and the determinate cultivar - Perkoz) and harvest methods: hand-picked plants with manual shelling of seeds as a control and mechanical shelling with a plot harvester. In comparison with manual shelling of seeds, the mechanical harvest reduced the seed germination and increased the number of abnormal seeds both cultivars. Determinate cultivar was more sensitive, because the loss of its quality was higher (germination of 10%) than indeterminate cultivar (6%). Perkoz had also higher electrical conductivity, with the mean value of 34.3 μS × cm−1× g−1. Manual shelled seeds were characterized by a significantly lower leakage of exudates (24.9 μS × cm−1× g−1), and hence, it exhibited greater vigour than mechanical harvested seeds. Most relations of Pearson correlation coefficient between vigour tests and germination were strong or practically functional.

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Studi Adaptasi Ikan Seluang (Rasbora agryotaenia) Berdasarkan Tahap Domestikasi dari Perairan Sebangau

Daun Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan ◽

10.33084/daun.v5i1.323 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 36-44

Author(s):

Tania Serezova Augusta

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Measurement ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Mean Value ◽

Average Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Commercial Feed ◽

The Mean

This study aims to determine the adaptation of Seluang fish (Rasbora agryotaenia) based on the domestication stage of Sebangau waters. This research started in January until February 2018. The research method used is a survey and experimental observation. The size of the tarpaulin pond used for domestication is 2 x 3 m, with a water height of 30 cm. The number of fish sampled is 200 heads. Feed is given as much as 5% of the total weight of the fish kept, feeding done twice a day (morning and afternoon). This domestication activity is still not perfect, because only part of the life cycle of fish (Rasbora agryotaenia) can be done in the cultivation system (survival and eating commercial feed). During maintenance activities, the amount of feed used was 63.840 g with the final weight of the fish was 16.905 g. Survival rate (SR) of fish (Rasbora agryotaenia) during maintenance was 73.5% and deaths 26.5%. From the calculation is known that the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) for fish (Rasbora agryotaenia) 2.8. This domestication stage starts with the preparation of maintenance pools, fishing in nature, sorting, distribution, and maintenance. During maintenance, five samples of sample fish were taken and five times the pool water quality measurement. From the five weights of the sample fish, it is known that the average weight of the fish is kept, I = 0.003 g, II = 0.042 g, III = 0.051 g, IV = 0.082 g, V = 0.115 g. From the measurement of water quality of tarpaulin ponds, it is known that the mean value of water quality parameters, for DO ranges from 1.5 to 8.8 mg / L, the pH ranges from 5.5 to 7.2 and temperatures range from 27.4 to 27.7 0C.

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