To be liberated the Vaisheshika way, or the Vaisheshika attempt at a «Negative Soteriology» by the Indian school of philosophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Viсtoria Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Pure Substance ◽  
Indian School ◽  
Value Of Knowledge ◽  
The Law ◽  
Original Concept ◽  
Main Factor

The article examines the original concept of the Vaisheshika school, criticized by other Indian philosophers, according to which Self (Atman), freed from the bonds of rebirth (saṃsāra), is a pure substance (dravya), devoid of consciousness, which is believed to be its impermanent quality (guna); the opponents compared the Vaisheshika's liberated Self with a stone or a log. The author proposes an explanation of the Vaisheshika liberation doctrine (soteriology) within the framework of its categoriology, in which consciousness and Atman belong to different categories, respectively, guna and dravya. Vaisheshika proclaims knowledge of the six categories to be the highest spiritual goal (nihshreyasa), which, in turn, comes from the pure Dharma (Merit). The reason why the Vaisheshikas felt obliged to add a pure Dharma as the final step towards liberation (which distinguishes Vaisheshika from other schools, emphasizing the soteriological value of knowledge) is explained by assuming the Dharma's capacity to overcome a dichotomy of merit-demerit (dharma-adharma) as the main factor responsible for the rebirth of an embodied ātman. The pure Dharma, due to all the positive karmic energy accumulated during countless reincarnations of the soul, arises at the very last moment in a person's life to purufy his/her true Atman from the law of karma and rebirth. Since nothing can be said about Atman's future, it is not a "liberation for", but a "liberation from", which can be called a "negative soteriology".

The Law Technology Study and the Mechanism Analysis of Small-Size Machined by Electro Jet Machining

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Zhi Bo Yin ◽  
Fu Yuan Li ◽  
C.X. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Technology Study ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
The Law ◽  
Faraday Law ◽  
Main Factor

In order to research the Law technology and the equipment performance of Electro Jet, The institute developed an electro jet machine. Through a large number of experiments on this machine, the author concluded its process law and analysis the corrosion mechanism to the removed process. The results show that, duty cycle and frequency have a certain effect on the machine accuracy, and duty cycle is the main factor of aperture morphology. When duty cycle varies from 30%~40%, the stray corrosion is less. Frequency affects the depth seriously, based on the original experiment, voltage, duty cycle. Frequencies were not interactive within the scope of the study. The corrosion of anodic workpiece satisfies Faraday law by the study of material removal mechanism. Current efficiency is less than 1, and it’s 40%~60%.current density is 2~4.5A/mm2, that is larger than ordinary electrochemical machining.

scholarly journals Factors associated to knowledge and opinion of gynecologists and obstetricians about the Brazilian legislation on abortion

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anibal Faúndes ◽  
Rozana Martins Simoneti ◽  
Graciana Alves Duarte ◽  
Jorge Andalaft-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Unsafe Abortion ◽  
Legal Abortion ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Abortion Laws ◽  
The Law ◽  
Main Factor

INTRODUCTION: Unsafe abortion accounts for about 12% of maternal deaths in Brazil, although many of these women could meet the requirements for legal abortion in this country. Physicians' inappropriate knowledge of the law may be playing a role in this situation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate which factors are associated with the level of information and the opinion of the Brazilian gynecologists-obstetricians concerning abortion laws. METHODS: Questionnaires (14.320) were sent to all physicians affiliated to the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (FEBRASGO), and 30.2% were returned completed. RESULTS: Most of respondents showed a good knowledge of the situations in which abortion is allowed but not about the documents required to carry out a legal abortion. However, most of them knew about the need for a judicial order in case of abortion of malformed fetus. Knowledge was associated with age, number of children and years of practice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Poor knowledge on the requirements to carry out an abortion within the law may be a main factor responsible for the lack of access to legal abortion in Brazil.

scholarly journals HUKUM BERMAIN GAME ONLINE PLAYER UNKNOWN’S BATTLEGROUNDS (PUBG) MENURUT FATWA MPU ACEH NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Khairuddin; Khairuddin;
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Law ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Main Factor

This study is entitled The Law of Playing Unknown's Battle Grounds (PUBG) Game According to MPU Fatwa Aceh No. 3 of 2019 (Case Study in Gunung Meriah District, Aceh Singkil Regency). This study describes how the factors and the impact of PUBG online game play and what is the view of the MPU Aceh on the law of playing PUBG games ?. To obtain answers to these problems, the authors used three data collection methods; Observation, interview and documentation. The sample in this study was PUBG online gamers in Gunung Meriah Sub-district, Aceh Singkil District. The results of this study indicate that 25% of the community of Gunung Meriah Liking and categories are addicted to the PUBG game. The main factor of playing PUBG games. Playing hobbies online, including PUBG, can reduce boredom and stress. Games that continue to be carried out have unfavorable effects such as tend to be more lazy, addictions that are not fair, less response to the surrounding environment. In Islam, banning PUBG games is in line with the MPU Aceh fatwa no. 3 of 2019, the reason for it is forbidden to use this one game, because it contains elements of violence and brutality and the impact of changing the behavior of users becomes negative; because it has the potential to cause aggressive behavior and addiction at a high level; and contains elements of insult to Islamic symbols. because it contains elements of violence and brutality as well as negative changes in the behavior of users; because it has the potential to cause aggressive behavior and addiction at a high level; and contains elements of insult to Islamic symbols. because it contains elements of violence and brutality as well as negative changes in the behavior of users; because it has the potential to cause aggressive behavior and addiction at a high level; and contains elements of insult to Islamic symbols.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK PANGAN INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA YANG TIDAK BERLABEL DI KABUPATEN ENREKANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-204
Author(s):  
Asram AT Jadda
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Labeling ◽  
Food Label ◽  
The Law ◽  
Administrative Sanction ◽  
Home Industries ◽  
Main Factor

The development and expansion of ecenomy especially in the sector of nasional industry and trading have been produce all kinds of goods snd services that can be consumend. That condition makes the position of consumer and producer aren’t balance. The main factor which being weakness for consumer is the consciousness bout their right are still low. One of the rights for consumer is information roghts, it forms food label but there are still can be found products from home industries food label in food in fact. That purpose from this research is know legal protection for the consumer againts unlable home industry’s food product and responbillity from producer unlabel home industry’s food. The research uses normative law receach. The writer uses legislation nd concept approach. The law data taken from primary, secondary, tertiary law. It will be analyzed a prescriptive that extend argumentation of  the result as the writer did the research. From the research, it can be conclude that the legal protection for consumer about home i dustries food product which have not label that is preventive legal protection. Sanction related to food labeling only administrative sanction

scholarly journals Penghargaan Hak Berpendapat Anak di Pengadilan: Studi Kasus di Pengadilan Negeri Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Rika Saraswati ◽  
V Hadiyono
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Child Custody ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
District Court ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
The Right ◽  
Main Factor

The right of children to be heard are guaranteed by the Child Protection Act in Indonesia. This is very principle as the main factor for judges to make decisions regarding disputes over child custody. The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of laws in Indonesia that regulate children's rights to be heard in court. Data was taken by conducting documentary research and field research by collecting several decisions from the District Court of Semarang and interviewing the judges who handled this matter. This research shows that children are rarely asked for their opinions in the courtroom; Their opinions are only considered information, not as witness statements. As a result, their opinions and expectations have no effect on court decisions. The study also shows that the law in Indonesia has regulated the obligation of judges to listen to the opinions of children in court, but judges never consider it.

scholarly journals Meneguhkan Kembali Indonesia Sebagai Negara Hukum Pancasila

ADALAH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Rahmatullah
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Individual Interest ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
On Certainty ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Special Character ◽  
The Law ◽  
Original Concept

Abstract: The Indonesian state law based on Pancasila is a concept that has a special character distinguishing from the original concept of the Rechstaat and Rule of Law developed in western countries. These special characters include; the principle of kinship that prioritizes public interest over individual interest, the law is based on certainty and justice, the state is based on religion but not theocracy and secular systems, the law is the reflection of community culture, the law must be neutral and universal. Therefore, Pancasila is not only a spirit in the state but also a source of all sources of law in Indonesia.Keywords:State Law, Special Character and Pancasila. Abstrak:Negara Hukum Indonesia yang bersendikan Pancasila adalah sebuah konsep yang memiliki karakter khusus sehingga membedakan dari konsep aslinya yaitu Rechstaat dan Rule of Law yang berkembang di negara-negara barat. Karakter khusus tersebut di antaranya yaitu; asas kekeluargaan yang mengutamakan kepentingan umum di atas kepentingan individu, hukum yang bersendikan kepastian dan keadilan, bersendikan agama tetapi bukan teokrasi dan sekuler, hukum sebagai cermin budaya masyarakat dan hukum yang bersifat netral dan universal. Dengan demikian, Pancasila bukan hanya menjadi ruh dalam bernegara tetapi juga menjadi sumber dari segala sumber hukum di Indonesia.  Kata Kunci: Negara hukum, Karakter Khusus dan Pancasila.

scholarly journals Judicial protection in the law of the European Union

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Vladimir Medović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Legal Remedies ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Law ◽  
Judicial Protection ◽  
Original Concept

The rule of law is one of the basic principles upon which the European Union is founded. According to the Court of Justice this principle assumes that neither the institutions of the Union nor its Member States can avoid a review of the question whether the measures adopted by them are in conformity with the basic constitutional charter, the Treaty. With that respect the Treaty established a complete system of legal remedies and procedures designed to permit the Court of Justice to review the legality of measures adopted by the institutions. The Judicial system of the European Communities, as one of the three pillars of the Union, is based on the original concept, which provides for cooperation between the Court of Justice and the national courts. The main task of the Court of Justice, entrusted by the Treaty, is to ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaty the law is observed.

Enforcement of the purports of binding banking documents in Rastin Banking – Part II

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Bidabad ◽  
Saeid Abdollahi ◽  
Mahshid Sherafati
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Problem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Economic Well Being

Purpose This paper aims to facilitate and accelerate the enforcement of binding banking documents and to decrease the enforcement burden of the registration offices, courts and judicial authorities and to transfer it to the banks. Design/methodology/approach A new mechanism for “enforcement of the purports of binding banking documents in Rastin Banking” is proposed. In the proposed regulations, a part of the executive path for enforcement of the purports of binding banking documents is transferred into a newly established unit located in every bank. The method considers all financial, legal and executive issues. Findings Promotion of practical justice is a main factor to promote social and economic circumstances; the proposed model can prepare a way to improve the social and economic well-being. Research limitations/implications Codifying the law and regulations is a highly sophisticated task, and the art of codification can be examined after scrutinizing and executing the full text of the law. Practical implications Though this paper presents the concept, the detailed proposed regulations are presented in two drafts of the bill and bylaw for enforcement of the purports of binding banking documents and handling complaints against executive operations in Rastin Banking. Social implications This procedure is a model that can be adapted for other countries, especially those countries that have a large number of legal disputes and where the process of dispute settlement is very lengthy and cumbersome. Originality/value It fulfils an identified need to solve the practical legal problem in vindication of rights that can lead to positive and important effects towards creating public trust in financial obligations and increasing the speed of collecting demands.

scholarly journals Language crimes in comparative ethnolinguistic research

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Anna Magdalena Falana-Jafra
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
The Law ◽  
Original Concept

The article proposes an original concept of language crimes as a subcategory of criminal acts in Polish criminal law and in criminal law systems of other countries. Focus is placed on their characteristics as the criteria for distinguishing them from other types of crimes, on relations between them as constructions of legal culture and other elements of culture, in particular language. In addition, three fundamental research perspectives for these crimes are proposed: they can be carried out as comparative ethnolinguistic research: the temporal perspective, the territorial perspective, and the "law in action” perspective. The latter derives from the achievements of a realistic legal school, which denies the significance of a static "law in texts”.

scholarly journals Fractional Banking System with the Unknown Risk (see verses)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Jilani Ben Touhami Meftah
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Unknown Risk ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
The Law ◽  
Main Factor

The fractional banking system to day is the basis banking transactions, it is the engine of economic processes in the global banking and the seed that grew out of the economies around the globe and the main factor attributed to the successes of the global economy and its failures. Perhaps the most important reasons for this neglect is the adoption of thought Islamic Economics contemporary, and the seriousness of this matter is fractional banking is some of the descriptions on the origins of the law and rules.

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