scholarly journals SHADING EFFECT ON COFFEE TREE IN FORMATION STAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Kleso Silva Franco Júnior ◽  
Ligiane Aparecida Florentino
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Coffee Tree ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

<p>According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, global warming is expected with temperature rise and changes in the rainfall in tropical regions, including soil warming, which may lead losses to perennial plants. This phenomenon causes researchers to search through science alternatives in order to minimize these impacts. The objective in this research was to evaluate the cultivation of different plants in a intercropping for the coffee tree shading and its influence on the seedlings establishment, development, coffee growth and the maintenance of lower soil temperatures. The experiment was carried out at the Santa Felicidade Site, Campestre - municipality - South of MG , located at 21 ° 43’ 12 “South and 46 ° 14’ 46” West at an altitude of 1.106 meters. The cultivar used was the Catuai IAC 144, was intercropped with the following species: maize (Zea mays L.), guandu (Cajanus cajan L.), crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis L.), mucuna (Stizolobium aterrimun) and control without any intercrop, totaling five treatments. The plants sowing for shading was performed using a manual planter and the planting was done in 4 plots per treatment, totaling 20 experimental units in a randomized block design with 14 coffee plants per plot. The 10 central plants were analyzed. At the end of the experiment, the following characteristics were evaluated: seedlings establishment, growth in height, average length of plagiotropic branches, number of internodes in plagiotropic branches, coffee canopy and soil temperature. The data were statistically interpreted by means of variance analysis. The means were grouped by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability using the statistical software SISVAR®. According to the results obtained  the shading plants in intercropped with the coffee tree managed in the post-planting and first-year phases contributed to a better coffee tree development, observed mainly in the treatments using the Crotalaria and Guandu species.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic parameters and estimated genetic gains in young rubber tree progenies

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília Khusala Verardi ◽  
Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Peres Silva ◽  
Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa ◽  
Paulo de Souza Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
First Year ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Selection Gain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this work was to assess the genetic parameters and to estimate genetic gains in young rubber tree progenies. The experiments were carried out during three years, in a randomized block design, with six replicates and ten plants per plot, in three representative Hevea crop regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-two progenies were evaluated, from three to five years old, for rubber yield and annual girth growth. Genetic gain was estimated with the multi-effect index (MEI). Selection by progenies means provided greater estimated genetic gain than selection based on individuals, since heritability values of progeny means were greater than the ones of individual heritability, for both evaluated variables, in all the assessment years. The selection of the three best progenies for rubber yield provided a selection gain of 1.28 g per plant. The genetic gains estimated with MEI using data from early assessments (from 3 to 5-year-old) were generally high for annual girth growth and rubber yield. The high genetic gains for annual girth growth in the first year of assessment indicate that progenies can be selected at the beginning of the breeding program. Population effective size was consistent with the three progenies selected, showing that they were not related and that the population genetic variability is ensured. Early selection with the genetic gains estimated by MEI can be made on rubber tree progenies.

scholarly journals Cycle pruning programmed on the grain yield of arabica coffee

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Corona Baitelle ◽  
Abraão Carlos Verdin Filho ◽  
Sílvio de Jesus Freitas ◽  
Guilherme Bessa Miranda ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches ◽  
Productive Development

ABSTRACT The cycle pruning programmed is a reinvigoration technique widely employed in Conilon coffee. This strategy may also be adopted for Arabica coffee to increase its crop longevity and yield. In this scenario, the present study proposes to examine the influence of the cycle pruning programmed on the vegetative and productive development of Arabica coffee. The experiment was developed in the field as a randomized-block design with four replicates. Treatments were tested in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of four stem densities (4000, 8000, 12000 or 16000 stems ha-1) and two management strategies for the removal of plagiotropic branches (annual or biennial removal of branches which had reached 70% or more of their production capacity). For some variables, the treatments were organized as a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in which the last factor corresponded to two regions of data collection in the plant (upper or lower). For all factorial arrangements, an additional treatment (control) was employed corresponding to traditional pruning (recepa). Annual or biennial removal of plagiotropic branches which had attained 70% or more of their production capacity can be adopted with no losses to crop yield. The cycle pruning programmed improves the distribution of branches, increases canopy area and prevents the occurrence of the “naked neck” phenomenon, observed in control treatment. Additionally, it provides better agronomic and productive performance; therefore, it can be used as a substitute for recepa.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PRA LANSIA PRE HIPERTENSI YANG DIBERI JUS TOMAT (Lycopersicum grandifilum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Hari Yani Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressure Treatment ◽  
And Control

The research aims to know the effect of tomato juice on blood pressure in pre-elderly pre hypertension at Posbindu Puskesmas Nusa Indah Bengkulu City.The design of research was a quasi experiment include pre test post test. This population was all patients posbindu aged 45-59 years. Sampling of this research randomized block design of one factorial were 6 samples divided into treatment and control group. The data which have been analyzed using univariate and bivariate. From this research were obtained the results such as the mean of sistole blood pressure before and after intervention in treatment group p = 0,273 and diastole p = 0,27. Mean systole blood pressure control group p = 0.060 and diastole p = 2.14. Distribution of tomato juice (Lycopersicum grandifilum) did not given affect the decrease in blood pressure of systole diastole before and after intervention in pre-elderly pre hypertension. Whereas the difference in mean systole of blood pressure treatment and control group p = 0.935 and diastolic of blood pressure p = 0.678. There ware not difference in mean of blood pressure in the tomato juice treatment group and control of Vitamin C. The result concluded there were not effect of tomato juice (Lycopersicum grandifilum) on systolic of blood pressure in pre-elderly pre hypertension at Posbindu Puskesmas Nusa Indah Bengkulu City.

scholarly journals Influence of Mother Rhizome Retrieval and Organic Treatment of the Retrieved Plants on Economic Yield of Ginger at Salyan, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
M. Basnet ◽  
H. Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Retrieval Factor ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
And Control

An experiment was conducted at Salyan, Nepal to assess the mother rhizome retrieval and organic treatment of the same retrieved plant on economic yield of ginger during 2015/16.‘ Kapurkot Aduwa-1’, a superior Nepalese variety was used for this experiment. Two dates i.e. 1 September and 7 September were used as a time of retrieval factor and seven organic treatments i.e. Trichoderma, Jeevatu, Bordeaux paste, mixture of neem and timur dust, vermicompost, jholmal and control as second factor and these 14 treatment combinations were laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The plant height, leaf number, tiller number was found to be significantly highest with vermicompost treatment on all days 5 days interval after harvesting of the mother rhizome whereas the lowest was observed at control. The mother rhizome yield and fresh rhizome was found to be significantly highest on vermicompost applied field with 1.7 t/ha and 22.8 mt/ha respectively and lowest fresh rhizome yield (15.5. t/ha) was found with control. The disease yield was significantly lowest (0 t/ha) and highest (0.2 t/ha) with the control. Benefit cost ratio was found to be significantly highest (1.74) and lowest at control (1.32).

scholarly journals Aluminum tolerance in castor bean lines1

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Lucas Barbosa de Freitas ◽  
Dirceu Maximino Fernandes ◽  
Suelen Cristina Mendonça Maia ◽  
Laerte Gustavo Pivetta ◽  
Maurício Dutra Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Adequate Management

ABSTRACT Castor bean plants are susceptible to aluminum (Al) in the soil, requiring adequate management techniques for their cultivation in acid soils containing high Al levels, as it occurs in tropical regions. This study aimed to assess the Al tolerance of castor bean lines. A randomized block design, in a 2 x 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates, was used. The treatments consisted of presence and absence of Al, as well as nine castor bean lines (CRZ H06, CRZ H11, CRZ H12, CRZ H15, CRZ H17, CRZ H18, CRZ H19, CRZ H22 and FCA). Based on a distribution into quartiles, the lines were divided into two groups. The Al-tolerant group contained the CRZ H06, H11 and H17 lines, while the group susceptible to Al was composed of CRZ H12, H15, H18, H19, H22 and FCA. The FCA and CRZ H17 lines showed the highest growth, when cultivated without Al.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LUMPUR AKTIF PADA BIOFILTER ANOKSIK-OKSIK DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR AMONIA AIR LIMBAH RUMAH SAKIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Wayan Trisna Dewi ◽  
I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa ◽  
I Nyoman Rai
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
And Control

Development of the population and the increasing demand for health services has led to the increase in the number of hospitals, both government hospital and privet hospitals. The presence of ammonia as a result of protein decomposition can be toxic in the waters. The application of anoxic-oxic biofilter system is an attempt to be able to reduce ammonia levels in hospital wastewater. In the process of anoxic-oxic biofilter, contact occurs between the gravel media and microorganism to form biofilms which can accelerate the degradation of organic matter and the nitrification process. This study aims to obtain the best activated sludge source in reducing ammonia levels of wastewater applied to the anoxic-oxic biofilter system applied. This research was contucted in two stages in which the first stage of active mud nursery was carried out from three sources, namely WWTP Wangaya Hospital Denpasar, WWTP of PTN Hospital Udayana University and WWTP of Bangli Hospital for six days. At this stage a Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid (MLVSS) value is measured which shows the growth rate of biomass in activated sludge. The second stage is applivation of avtivated sludge and control to the anoxic-oxic biofilter system to reduce ammonia levels in hospital wastewater for five days of processing. This study use a randomized block design with four treatments and three replication. The results showed that the best activated sludge was obtained through nursery from WWTP of Wangaya Denpasar Hospital which was shown by the highest biomass growth (MLVSS Value) of 2433.3 mg/L and the highest reduction in ammonia reached a final level of 0.53 mg/L. The levels of effectiveness of the process of decreasing ammonia levels by 94.70% and has been able to pass the specified quality standard effectiveness percentage (90%) for five days of processing. The value of this effectiveness is the highest compared to the controls and other activated sludge treatment.

scholarly journals Cowpea yield on soils with residues of NPK and natural phosphate fertilizers in succession the area of degraded pasture

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Emerson Gazel Teixeira ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão ◽  
Wendel Valter da Silveira Pereira ◽  
Sandro Rogério Almeida Casanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Degraded Pasture ◽  
And Control ◽  
Degraded Pastures

ABSTRACT The cultivation of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] can be an important alternative in succession to maize in areas of degraded pastures due to the use of residue from fertilizers . With this, we aimed to evaluate the productivity of cowpea as a successor culture to undergo corn doses of reactive natural phosphate Arad and combinations with NPK. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split plot with four replications. The fertilizer was applied in previous cultivation (crop) using four phosphate doses in the form of Arad natural phosphate: 50, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and the sub-plots in combination with NPK, NK, NK + liming, and control (no liming and fertilizer). The cowpea yield components were evaluated in this work. The residues of P2O5 from the natural phosphate increased the phosphorus content in the plant and influenced the number of grains per pod. The residual effect of NK+ liming and only NK showed better results for the variables grain yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and dry mass of aerial part. The residual effect of NPK showed better results for the mass of 100 grains.

Nutrient requirement for confectionery groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under irrigated condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Vaghasia ◽  
V. B. Bhalu ◽  
V. H. Kachhadiya
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Requirement ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Control

A field experiment was carried out during summer seasons of 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 at the Main Oilseeds Research Satiation, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh to determine the optimum nutrient requirement for confectionery on medium clay soil under irrigated condition. The experiment consisted of nine treatments <italic>viz</italic>., two nitrogen levels, two potassium levels, two levels of sulphur and control. Experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. N @ 50 kg/ha, K @ 50 kg/ha and S @ 40 kg/ha (T<sub>8</sub>) with recommended dose of phosphorus (50 kg/ha) recorded the higher pod yield of 2770 kg/ha and haulm yield of 4557 kg/ha with net realization ( j 85112/ha) and B:C ratio (3.34) which was closely followed by N @ 50 kg/ha, K @ 25 kg/ha and S @ 40 kg/ha (T<sub>6</sub>).

scholarly journals Health quality and germination of Butia capitata seeds treated with bactericide and fungicide

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Vander Rocha Lacerda ◽  
◽  
Diemesson San Tiago Mendes ◽  
Fernando da Silva Rocha ◽  
Maria de Fátima Gonçalves Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Test Treatments ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Propagation of “coquinho-azedo” (Butia capitata) is limited due to dormancy and high incidence of fungi in its seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating “coquinho-azedo” seeds with different concentrations of bactericide and/or fungicide on the incidence of fungi and on the germination of seeds. Thus, B. capitata seeds were immersed in four doses of the bactericide kasugamycin (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mL/L) and/or in four concentrations of the fungicide carbendazim+ thiram (0, 2.92, 5.84 e 8.75 mL/Kg), totaling 16 treatments. After the treatments, the operculum was removed from the seeds, which were placed on trays containing autoclaved sand, covered with transparent plastic film and kept in the nursery. In the germination test, treatments were distributed in randomized block design, factorial arrangement of 4x4 (bactericidal doses x fungicide doses), with four replicates of 50 seeds per plot. For the test of seed health quality, the Blotter test was employed in completely randomized design, using 20 replicates and 10 seeds. Health quality and germination were evaluated at 15 and 40 days after the treatment of seeds, respectively. There was no interaction between the bactericide and the fungicide on germination and control of fungi associated with seeds. However, there was an effect of fungicide concentrations on the evaluated parameters. We observed a negative correlation between the concentrations of the fungicide carbendazim + thiram and fungal incidence, and a positive correlation between the fungicide concentrations and seed germination. Therefore, fungicide treatment reduces the fungal incidence and provides better germination of B. capitata seeds.

Proteolysis in alfalfa silages made from different cultivars

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Tremblay ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
R. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
First Year ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
High Forage

During silage fermentation, proteolysis reduces the nutritional value of N, particularly in alfalfa. This study evaluated the proteolysis of 27 alfalfa cultivars seeded in triplicate in 2 consecutive years. Forage from each plot was wilted to a targeted dry matter (DM) content of 250 g kg–1 and ensiled in laboratory silos. Minisilos were made with spring growth and summer regrowth in the first year of production for the first seeding, and with the first 2 yr of production for the second seeding, giving 3 harvest years altogether. Concentrations of NPN, NH3, FAA, DM, TN, and pH were measured in silages, whereas RUP concentration was evaluated in forages. Low NPN concentration indicates low proteolysis during silage fermentation. Spring growth and summer regrowth were analyzed separately by ANOVA as a completely randomized block design replicated over 3 harvest years. A principal component analysis was then performed on the ANOVA means. Silage DM was used as covariate when it was deemed appropriate. There was a significant variation among cultivars for NPN concentration in silages made of summer regrowth; it varied from 612 to 717 g kg–1 of TN. Concentration of NPN was significantly lower for cultivars WL 225, Rangelander, Iroquois, and WL 222, and higher for cultivars Oneida VR, Arrow, Vernal, Spredor 2, and Armor. Oneida VR and Rangelander had respectively high and low silage NPN concentration in both spring growth and summer regrowth. From cultivars with low silage NPN concentration, Rangelander was the only one with high forage RUP concentration in both spring growth and summer regrowth; proteins in this cultivar would be more resistant to microbial degradation during ensiling and in the rumen. Key words: Non protein nitrogen; proteolysis; alfalfa silage; cultivars

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