scholarly journals Discourse on the Linguistic Implementation of the principles of Political Correctness in German Political Linguistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
E. A. Kondakova ◽  
O. V. Printsipalova
Keyword(s):  
Political Correctness ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Political Linguistics ◽  
Frame Work

The article dwells upon the discourse on the linguistic implementation of the principles of political correctness (hereinafter PC discourse) in the German political linguistic culture. Like the concept of ‘political correctness’ itself, the key characteristics of the PC discourse came to Germany from the USA. However, Germany has a rich tradition of criticism of language use in politics, including a tradition of public reflection on the use of language by totalitarian ideologies. One might assume that the discussion about the linguistic implementation of political correctness in Germany will become part of this general critical discourse. These considerations served as the starting point for this study. The purpose of the presented article is to identify the specifics of PC discourse in Germany against the back-ground of other phenomena of German political linguistic culture. Discourse is understood as a corpus of texts united by reference to a common object of reality, in other words, a way of speaking about a socially significant topic that is formed in society in a certain historical period. On the basis of this interpretation, the empirical base of the study was compiled, obtained through the continuous sampling method from electronic versions of leading German newspapers and magazines, as well as from linguistic monographs devoted to the linguistic implementation of political correctness. Through the method of descriptive discourse analysis, significant methods of discursive interpretation of political correctness have been identified, which are the specifics of PC discourse. The main technique is metaphorical modeling of political reality. For almost thirty years of its existence, the German PC discourse has developed a stable framework of evaluative metaphors that set the perspective of the vision of political correctness. This framework consists of the metaphorical core, which relates political correctness to the conceptual field of “danger”, and additional metaphorical meanings, which actualize the conceptual field of “game”. The uniformity of the metaphorical frame-work reflects the ritualized nature of the argumentation of both supporters and opponents of political correctness. The latter set the dominant discursive strategy - the strategy of imaginary defense, due to which strong emotional pressure is achieved on the participants in the discourse. The metaphorical framework provides discursive unity, which is especially necessary in the context of the semantic diffuseness of the key concept ‘politische Korrektheit’.

scholarly journals Ah, the Roads! Or how Demagogic Ideologemes Work

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
L. A. Agrba
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Performance Error ◽  
Political Linguistics ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

This article is an attempt to show how the means of manipulative construction of political reality work on a single example of ideological concept of “road protection”, used a quarter of a century ago by the Georgian authorities as a pretext for a military invasion of Abkhazia. The study revealed that such ideologemes initiate a certain socio-behavioral reflection and allow the aggressor country, under the guise of pseudo-human goals, to carry out both “soft” (humanitarian) and direct (military) expansion. The concept of ideology has acquired special significance for modern political linguistics, and today, in the era of hybrid wars, its analysis and study are more relevant than ever. The aim of the study is to analyze the ideology of “road protection” which highlights the manipulative conceptual features and to prove its demagogic nature. To achieve this goal, we will turn to the events of August 1992 and try to understand the symbolic and ideological concept of “road protection”, used as a lingua-pragmatic background of expansion. The goal is to understand how to use ideological cliches in the minds of the implemented setup, and create unnecessary political mood which enabled the Georgian authorities to implement, not condemned by the international community, the military invasion of the territory of Abkhazia. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time it introduces and actualizes the concept of demagogic ideology. We define demagogic ideology as a populist-propaganda stamp, manifested itself in a certain historical period as a reality, and characterized by imperativeness and, most importantly, simulativeness. Such ideological cliches are thrown in political discourse with the aim to lull the vigilance and urging them on to obviously incorrect conclusions. Over time, however, demagogic ideologies lose their importance and are perceived as not justified expectations of performance, error, not relevant axiological dominant members of a particular culture. In our work we adhered to the following methods of research: linguoideological – to interpret the content of corresponding ideologies; linguistic and semiotic – with the aim of realizing the symbolic mechanisms used for the influence and formation of the corresponding reactions in the consciousness of the masses; and linguocultural – to identify the causes of certain ideological concepts effectiveness.

scholarly journals „Vi er en nation af immigranter“: Om kollektive erindringspraksisser og immigrationsmytologi i nutidens USA

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katinka Fjeldsø Villemoes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
American National Identity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sense Representation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contemporary United States

Katinka Fjeldsø Villemoes: “We Are a Nation of Immigrants”: On Collective Memory Practices, and Immigration Mythology in Contemporary United States In this article, I investigate practices of collective remembering and forgetting in the United States of America. I take as my starting point a certain period in the history of the USA, namely the extensive flows of immigrants who came to the USA in the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, and I demonstrate how this historical period is celebrated, represented and remembered in a particularly interesting manner. I argue that the romanticized tale of “the immigrants who created America” plays an important role in defining what American national identity is. The common sense representation of the immigrants who came to the USA in search of freedom and opportunity fits perfectly with today’s political and intellectual climate in the USA, because within the framework of this immigrant mythology, the individual citizen is given the opportunity to celebrate his national identity as an American, but he is also given the opportunity to celebrate his country’s ethnic, racial, cultural, and religious diversity. 

Objective and Subjective Evidence for Political Reality in Autobiographical Discourse

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
Yuliya Belyutina
Keyword(s):  
Professional Life ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subjective Evidence

The article surveys peculiarities of a political language personality’s autobiographical discourse. Through the analysis of the autobiographical discourse, the specific features of the genre are revealed; its peculiarities in objectifying political reality are detected. The study material is a book of memoirs «Decision Points» by the 43d President of the USA George W. Bush, in which he describes landmark events in his personal and professional life and tries to explain what or who moved him forward in choosing complicated and provocative routes. In the analyses the author identifies genre-forming features of works, as well as the features in the objectification of political reality. The politician’s memoirs are distinguished not through accurate narration of factual evidence as much as through the aim to develop a certain view of the historical period in the reader and through the desire to cultivate a certain opinion in them. For this reason the reminiscent must strike an ideal balance in supplying objective and subjective evidence. A combination of unprejudiced narration and personal considerations, the author’s reflections on his reasons for decision-making, admission of guilt and not being right in some crucial moments add to the emotional disposition of the text and make it more convincing. Pragmatic actuality is achieved through rendering historical and famous facts, dates, and contemporary records. Within this article the onomastic space of G.W. Bush’s memoirs has ben analysed, which helps to reveal that most of the onyms (anthroponyms, zoonyms, chrematonyms, ethnonyms, socionyms, ergonyms, toponyms) and to testify to their credibility. The conclusion is made that the objective evidence is exposed to careful selection and is to accord with the pragmatic intention of the subject of reminiscence; the subjective evidence allows to fill the text with emotional substance and to plunge the reader in the thick of things.

Eastern Orthodoxy and Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 479-496
Author(s):  
Effie Fokas
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Eastern Orthodoxy ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the relationship between ‘Orthodoxies’ and ‘Europes’, highlighting the multiplicity of Eastern Christian Orthodox approaches and attitudes towards Europe, from one majority Orthodox national context to another and one historical period to another, ranging from anti-Europeanism (and anti-Westernism) to Europhilism. It also draws attention to differences in Orthodox stances on the idea of Europe, on the one hand, and the political reality of the European unification project, on the other. A temporal perspective is particularly relevant in changing attitudes to the European Union. Special attention is paid to external perspectives on the relationship between ‘Orthodoxy’ and ‘Europe’, often politicized and influenced by the political turmoil in the Balkans. The chapter closes with reference to the situation of flux characterizing contemporary conceptions of Europe, and the impact of the latter on ‘Orthodoxy’ in relation to ‘Europe’.

scholarly journals Review of New American Studies on the Civil War (1861–1865) and Reconstruction in the USA (1865–1877) for 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Ilya Sokov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Scientific Principle ◽  
Question Analysis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The One ◽  
American Nation

Introduction. Studies of American historians on the Civil War and Reconstruction continue to be central issues in the 21st century. There is an increased public demand for these studies. The author of the analytical review of American publications tries to answer the question of what this interest is related to. Methods. The author of the review uses the methodological tools such as the scientific principle of objectivity, the special historicalcomparative method and the systematic approach to answer this question. Analysis. The author points out the main areas of studying new aspects marked by American historians of the mid-19th century. These areas include the issues and interpretations on military, political, everyday, anthropological, social and cultural, and economic history. Besides, new approaches in peer-reviewed monographs for the comprehensive coverage of the study material of this issue are highlighted. Results. The interest of academicians and the American public to studying the historical period of the Civil War and Reconstruction, on the one hand, tells about carrying the deep psycho-civilizational trauma by all subsequent generations of both white and black Americans at this time, and on the other hand, this war debunks the myth of God’s chosen destiny of the American nation to build a “City on a Hill”. Constant refinements, additions, revisions, and reinterpretations of the events and consequences of the Civil War and Reconstruction in contemporary American historiography only confirm this conclusion. The publications selected by the reviewer on this issue for 2019 not only introduce new American historical works to Russian Americanists, but also provide an opportunity to expand their own research on this issue.

scholarly journals O BRASIL COMO “TERRENO DE EXPERIMENTAÇÃO” DA EXPERTISE GERENCIAL: A ATUAÇÃO DO CONSELHO DE REITORES DAS UNIVERSIDADES BRASILEIRAS (1966-1985)BRAZIL AS A "LABORATORY" FOR MANAGEMENT EXPERTISE: THE ROLE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF BRAZILIAN UNIVERSITIES (1966-1985)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Maria Caramez Carlotto ◽  
Sylvia Gemignani Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Managerial Knowledge ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Military

Na literatura contemporânea sobre as transformações do ensino superior existe um forte consenso de que a expansão do saber gerencial foi um dos principais fatores que alterou sua dinâmica e organização interna. No caso do Brasil, são muitos os trabalhos que, seguindo essa percepção geral, apontam a estreita relação existente entre as políticas ditas “neoliberais” implementadas a partir da década de 1980, e a modernização gerencial difundida no país a partir de acordos de cooperação com os EUA durante os anos 1950 e 1960. No entanto, esses trabalhos, de modo geral, falham ao não conseguir mostrar, empiricamente, como se dá a relação entre esses dois momentos da história das políticas educacionais do país. O objetivo do presente trabalho é contribuir para a compreensão dessa relação a partir da análise de Yves Dezalay e Brynat Garth sobre o modo pelo qual a América Latina funcionou, nos anos 1950 e 1960, enquanto um “terreno de experimentação” de políticas que viriam a se difundir mundialmente nos anos 1980 e 1990. Para tanto, tomamos como objeto o Conselho de Reitores de Universidades Brasileiras (CRUB), no período que vai de 1966, ano da sua criação, até 1985, ano que marca o fim do regime militar, analisando tanto o conjunto de acordos internacionais então firmados pelo CRUB, quanto o resumo das suas principais atividades, e o perfil da sua diretoria executiva no período analisado.ABSTRACT In the contemporary literature on the transformations of higher education there is a strong consensus that the expansion of managerial knowledge was one of the main factors that altered its dynamics and internal organization. In the case of Brazil, there are many studies that, following this general perception, point to the close relationship between the so-called “neoliberal” policies implemented since the 1980s and the managerial modernization diffused in the country through cooperation agreements with the USA during the 1950s and 1960s. However, these works generally fail to show the relationship between these two moments in the history of educational policies in the country empirically. The objective of the present work is to contribute to the understanding of this relationship using, as a starting point, the analysis of Yves Dezalay and Brynat Garth on how Latin America functioned in the 1950s and 1960s as a “laboratory” of policies that would begin to spread worldwide in the 80s and 90s. To this end, we investigate the Council of Rectors of Brazilian Universities (CRUB) in the period from 1966, the year of its creation, until 1985, the year that marks the end of the military regime, analyzing both the set of international agreements signed by the CRUB during the period as well as the summary of its main activities and the profile of its executive board in this period of time.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF METAPHORICAL VERBALIZATION IMAGE OF KANZLERIN ANGELA MERKEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yu Tameryan ◽  
Victoria A Tsagolova
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
Political Linguistics ◽  
Relationship Of

The paper presents the results of modeling the multilayer structure of the image of Kanzlerin Angela Merkel , the core of which is the metaphorical layer of the political concept. The relevance of the study is due to the growing role of political communication in society and the lack of study of its image aspect. policy in terms of the objectives of the communication of power, the relationship of language and culture, emotion and cognition, the reflection in the language of the value picture of the world of the speakers of the German language. The article is carried out in the framework of cultural anthropology, linguocognitology, political linguistics and discoursology. As methodological basis of the study the following methods and approaches are used: the method of continuous sampling, the classification method, the method of cognitive modeling, the cognitive-interpretative method, the conceptual analysis, the method of statistical data processing. The analysis is based on the articles from the German information and political journals Der Spiegel and Focus for the period of 2005-2017. In the study, based on 8180 text fragments, metaphorical models and their subtypes are described, cognitive features and dominants of each period of the Chancellery A. Merkel are revealed.

scholarly journals Developing A General Framework for National Health Information Network for Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1792
Author(s):  
Hamid Moghaddasi ◽  
Reza Rabiei ◽  
Farkhondeh Asadi ◽  
Ali Mohammadpour
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Information ◽  
National Health ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Usa

Background: The National Health Information Network (NHIN) is one of the key issues in health information systems in any country. However, the development of this network should be based on an appropriate framework. Unfortunately, the conducted projects of health information systems in the Ministry of Health of Iran do not fully comply with the concept of NHIN. The present study was aimed to develop a general framework for NHIN in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, in the first stage, the required information about the concept of the NHIN framework and related NHIN documents in the USA and the UK were collected based on a literature review. Then, according to the results of the first stage and with regards to the structure of the Iranian health system, a general framework for Iranian NHIN was proposed. The Delphi technique was conducted to verify the framework. Results: The proposed framework for Iranian NHIN includes three dimensions; components, principles, and architecture. Over 80% of experts have evaluated all three aspects of the framework at an acceptable scale. In total, the proposed framework has been evaluated by 83.8% of the experts at an acceptable scale. Conclusion: The proposed framework was expected to serve as the starting point for moving towards the design and creation of Iranian NHIN. At any rate, the framework could be criticized, and it could only be used for the countries whose health system is similar to the structure of the health system in Iran. [GMJ.2020;9:e1792]

scholarly journals Learning from Leibniz: Navigating the Twin Labyrinths of Academia and Practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Weiner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Conference Theme ◽  
Divine Justice ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
The Common ◽  
Final Causes ◽  
Good And Evil

This essay is prompted by a single phrase embedded in the call for papers – “…the best of all available knowledge…” It would be easy to overlook the significance of this brief extracted fragment by taking for granted we know and understand what is indeed the best in the context of the education of an architect. Within the overall frame-work of the conference such considerations could be seen as offering a relevant dialectical antithesis to the main thesis of the conference. It is important to consider how questions of the ‘best’ in relation to knowledge have come to be seen by some as being of lesser importance in our conversations about education. If we do not strive for what is the best then we may loose an overall sense of telos or purposiveness in our various endeavors. The best is the highest good (both in theory and practice). So the best is at least a double condition rather than a singular condition. In Aristotle’s Eudemian Ethics there are no less than three philosophical meanings of the word “best”. First there is best as the Idea of the good (here Idea in a Platonic sense and the good are synonymous), secondly the best as the common good and thirdly the best in a practical sense. There is then a noble best and a practical best.The viability of the conference theme on “The Practice of Teaching and the Teaching of Practice: The Teacher’s Hunch” may actually rely upon establishing a foundation for determining what the best of all available knowledge consists of towards our common pursuits. Here one might propose the word ‘available’ be replaced by the word ‘possible’ so the fragment would now read – the best of all possible knowledge. The distinction between availability and possibility although seemingly minor becomes a crucial one. Availability has to do with use and acquisition in the sense that something or someone is either available or is not available. The notion of availability lacks the gravitas of possibility that can lead to actuality. With the idea of possibility emerges the transcendental question of the freedom for good and evil adjudicated under a form of divine justice. Invoking possibility over availability is an acknowledgment of the perennial importance of the ancient Aristotelian dyad of potency/act in the deeper back-ground of our theories and practices. In a world of crass availabilities, “need is so many bananas”. In what follows the word “knowledge” is understood in Aristotelian sense of the fourfold of causation giving us the possibility to bring forth what we know, what Heidegger poeticized as modes of occasioning – the material, formal, efficient and final causes.

scholarly journals Exploring the Inclusive Praxis of Outward Bound Instructors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Warner ◽  
Bruce Martin ◽  
Andrew M. Szolosi
Keyword(s):  
Adventure Education ◽  
Outward Bound ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Outdoor Adventure ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Outdoor Adventure Education ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Equity And Inclusion

Equity and inclusion are critical issues that need to be addressed in outdoor adventure education. Although some literature identifies inclusive practices for enhancing equity in outdoor adventure education, most research does not situate these practices within the contexts in which they were created and used. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore outdoor adventure education instructors’ inclusive praxis, and the conditions that influenced their praxis on their courses and in their instructing experiences. To this end, we conducted semi-structured interviews with ten instructors from four Outward Bound schools in the USA. The instructors varied in their gender, school, types of programs facilitated, and duration of employment with Outward Bound. Our inductive analysis of the interview data focused on the identification of themes illustrating the characteristics of instructors’ inclusive praxis, as well as the conditions that influenced their praxis. Themes emerged from our analysis that highlighted the macro and micro conditions that set the stage for instructors’ inclusive praxis, which focused on creating spaces that fostered inclusive group cultures on their courses. The findings from this study may be a useful starting point for enhancing the instructors’ role in fostering equity and inclusion on outdoor adventure education courses. We conclude with suggestions for future research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document