scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE CIE76, CIE-94, AND CIE-2000 METHODS THAT AFFECT THE QUALITY OF THE DETERMINING PROCESS OF THE IMAGE AVERAGE COLOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 083-092
Author(s):  
N. E. Proskuriakov ◽  
◽  
B. S. Yakovlev ◽  
N. N. Arkhangelskaia ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Color

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований разницы в цвете - показателя Дельта-Е, определяемого по CIE-76, CIE-94, CIE-2000 при определении среднего цвета цифрового изображения. На основе экспериментальных данных были выявлены особенности поведения калькуляторов CIE-76, CIE-94, CIE-2000 при условии их использования для определения среднего цвета различных графических форматов изображений. Исследование показало, что CIE-76 имеет всегда самые большие значения показателя Дельта-Е - . Это выявлено у всех исследованных форматов изображений, независимо от преобладающего цвета на изображении. Также было установлено, что CIE-94, CIE-2000 показывают очень незначительные отклонения друг от друга и существенно отличаются от показателей Дельта-Е CIE-76 на этапах максимального уменьшения изображения. При анализе графических зависимостей поведения показателя , было выявлено, что CIE-76, CIE-94, CIE-2000 ведут себя похоже, сохраняя основные пики значений. Было разработано программное обеспечение на языке программирования Python, которое показало свою эффективность и способность измерять средний цвет у различных изображений.

scholarly journals A Colour Perception Detection Model Based on The Spectral Characterictics

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Irwan Anto Mina
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Detection Tool ◽  
Average Color

<p><em>Information needs for one's color perception are needed in the fields of medicine, engineering, astronomy, biomedicine and so on. The demand for accurate assessment of color perception must be met by the perception detection tool used. Ishihara's test, as a perception detection tool that is still used today has insufficient accuracy. This research aims to create a system that can detect a shift in one's color perception, relative to the average color perception of a number of respondents. Through plotting the respondents' perception points, in the CIE coordinate system (Commission International de I'Eclairage) XYZ can be calculated the average euclidean distance, ED, relative to the reference point and the distribution of x and y groups of perception points around the point of reference. Both size, euclidean distance and distribution are used as indicators of average color perception so that an assessment of one's color perception is given based on the results of comparison between color perception points and color perception indicators. The tool used to do the test is Delphi version 7.0 software. the research material used is the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color image format. The results of a person's color perception study are divided into three levels, namely: (1) "normal" assessment if euclidean (ED) perceptions are smaller than the euclidean (ED) average (2) the "somewhat normal" assessment if the distribution of x and y is smaller rather than the color of perception and the distribution of x and y (3) the assessment is "abnormal" if the color of perception is greater than the max distribution of x and y. A new perception point assessment that is in level one is used to up-date prevailing perception indicators. Up-dating condition constraints affect the quality of the threshold average perception specifically and the quality of the results of the perception detection system in general.</em></p>

scholarly journals Study on color ink-jet printing paper coating with nano-SiO2 as pigment

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 01002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiehua Li ◽  
Chuanshan Zhao ◽  
Wenjia Han ◽  
Yifei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Dispersion Effect ◽  
Ink Jet Printing ◽  
Nano Sio2 ◽  
Average Color ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Color Density ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Printing Paper

With many years of research, color ink-jet printing technology has reached the requirements of color ink-jet printing. The significance of this experiment is to find a suitable method to improve the quality of color ink-jet printing paper. In this work, the dispersion effect and types of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) on nano-SiO2 solution are discussed, and the most suitable PAAS dosage is selected. When the dosage of PAAS is 8%, the dispersibility of nano-SiO2 solution is much better, with an average color density of 1.60, a gloss of 59% and an ink absorption value of 10.2 cm. Adhesives also have a great influence on color ink-jet printing paper. When the amount of PVA is 30% of nano-SiO2, the average color density is 1.62. Glossiness and ink absorption are also the best.

scholarly journals Etawa Goat Estrus Quality with Estrus Synchronization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Jihan Pangestuningrum ◽  
Sri Pantja Madyawati ◽  
Hana Eliyani ◽  
Ratna Damayanti ◽  
Siti Eliana Rochmi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Vaginal Progesterone ◽  
Average Color ◽  
Dark Pink

Background: Estrus synchronization is a way to get a herd of cattle estrus at the same time. This method can increase the reproductive success of livestock, thereby increasing production and population. Purpose: To determine the estrus quality from estrus synchronized Boerja goats, in Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency. Method: Estrus synchronization using an intra-vaginal sponge contains hormone progesterone, combined with the injection of the hormone GnRH. an intra-vaginal progesterone sponge was inserted for 14 days. After 14 days, the goats were injected with the GnRH hormone, then placed in a cage with the male and observed for estrus quality. Result: the average onset of estrus was 40.6 hours, the average color of the goat's vulvar mucosa when estrus was 2.3 (dark pink), the average presence of mucus was 1.9 (excess vulvar mucus), the average mucus color is 2.8 (white), and the average temperature increase of the vulva when the goat is in estrus is 0.4 ° C. Conclusion: The observations showed that the estrus quality of the goats was very diverse and not all goats were able to show the maximum estrus quality. It can be due to genetic factors, body condition, and feed nutrition.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

The Current Situation in Chemical Stabilization of Biological Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John H. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Radio Telescopes

With information processing devices such as radio telescopes, microscopes or hi-fi systems, the quality of the output often is limited by distortion or noise introduced at the input stage of the device. This analogy can be extended usefully to specimen preparation for the electron microscope; fixation, which initiates the processing sequence, is the single most important step and, unfortunately, is the least well understood. Although there is an abundance of fixation mixtures recommended in the light microscopy literature, osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde are favored for electron microscopy. These fixatives react vigorously with proteins at the molecular level. There is clear evidence for the cross-linking of proteins both by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde and cross-linking may be a necessary if not sufficient condition to define fixatives as a class.

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