Nitrogen in the Abomasum of Wethers Fed Different Protein Sources

Whey protein pectin complexes can be applied to replace fat in food products, e.g., pudding and yogurt, contributing to creaminess while adding a source of protein and fiber. Production of these complexes is usually conducted on the laboratory scale in small batches. Recently, a process using a scraped-surface heat exchanger (SSHE) has been employed; however, dispersion preparation time, feasibility of using different whey protein sources and enrichment of the complexes for subsequent drying have not been assessed. Preparing whey protein pectin dispersions by solid mixing of pectin and whey protein powders resulted in larger complexes than powders dispersed separately and subsequently mixed after a hydration time. Dispersions without hydration of the mixed dispersions before thermomechanical treatment had the largest particle sizes. The targeted particle size of d90,3 < 10 µm, an important predictor for creaminess, was obtained for five of the six tested whey protein sources. Dispersions of complexes prepared using whey protein powders had larger particles, with less particle volume in the submicron range, than those prepared using whey protein concentrates. Efficiency of complex enrichment via acid-induced aggregation and subsequent centrifugation was assessed by yield and purity of protein in the pellet and pectin in the supernatant.

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Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some selected under-utilized tropical seeds as protein sources in ruminants’ diet

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00430-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso ◽

Mary Oluwafunmilayo Adeduntan ◽

Adebowale Noah Fajemisin

Keyword(s):

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Supplementary Feed ◽

Monodora Myristica

Abstract Background The study highlighted the potential of three common and under-utilized tropical leguminous seeds (Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica) to be used as supplementary feed to ruminant livestock. These seeds (their plants inclusive) are valuable sources of food and medicine for the prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The medicinal properties of these seeds include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immuno-stimulant. Trypsin inhibitors, which are common anti-nutritional factors in legumes and for monogastric animals, do not exert adverse effects in ruminants because they are degraded in the rumen. Hence, the crux of this study is to examine the effect of processing methods on the nutritional composition (proximate, fibre fractions, minerals, anti-nutrients) and in vitro digestibility of Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica seeds and their suitability as feedstuff (protein sources) in small ruminant feed, particularly during off-season. Results From the results, raw Tomentosa nilotica and Monodora myristica have the highest crude protein (30.35% CP) and fat (22.40% EE), respectively. It is noteworthy that roasting best improve the mineral and significantly reduce the anti-nutrients observed in this study better compared to boiling and soaking methods. The highest organic matter digestibility, short-chain fatty acids, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility values were obtained in Dioclea reflexa compared to other test seeds. Roasting best improved the nutritive values, while Dioclea reflexa seed was rated highest for all the nutritional attributes and in vitro digestibility. Conclusions Dioclea reflexa could be incorporated in ruminants’ diet as protein source, particularly during the off-season, for improved ruminant production in Nigeria. However, in vivo study is therefore recommended to validate this report.

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Edible Films and Coatings from Soybean and Other Protein Sources

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products ◽

10.1002/047167849x.bio084.pub2 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Loong‐Tak Lim ◽

Navam S. Hettiarachchy ◽

Satchithanandam Eswaranandam

Keyword(s):

Edible Films ◽

Protein Sources

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Oilseed by-products as plant-based protein sources: Amino acid profile and digestibility

Future Foods ◽

10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 100023

Author(s):

Amanda Gomes Almeida Sá ◽

Daniele Cristina da Silva ◽

Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco ◽

Yara Maria Franco Moreno ◽

Bruno Augusto Mattar Carciofi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Protein Sources ◽

By Products

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A combined microphysiological-computational omics approach in dietary protein evaluation

npj Science of Food ◽

10.1038/s41538-020-00082-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paulus G. M. Jochems ◽

Willem R. Keusters ◽

Antoine H. P. America ◽

Pascale C. S. Rietveld ◽

Shanna Bastiaan-Net ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Brush Border ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Whey Protein Concentrate ◽

World Population ◽

Biological Efficacy ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Immune Parameters ◽

Peptide Composition ◽

Brush Border Enzyme

AbstractFood security is under increased pressure due to the ever-growing world population. To tackle this, alternative protein sources need to be evaluated for nutritional value, which requires information on digesta peptide composition in comparison to established protein sources and coupling to biological parameters. Here, a combined experimental and computational approach is presented, which compared seventeen protein sources with cow’s whey protein concentrate (WPC) as the benchmark. In vitro digestion of proteins was followed by proteomics analysis and statistical model-based clustering. Information on digesta peptide composition resulted in 3 cluster groups, primarily driven by the peptide overlap with the benchmark protein WPC. Functional protein data was then incorporated in the computational model after evaluating the effects of eighteen protein digests on intestinal barrier integrity, viability, brush border enzyme activity, and immune parameters using a bioengineered intestine as microphysiological gut system. This resulted in 6 cluster groups. Biological clustering was driven by viability, brush border enzyme activity, and significant differences in immune parameters. Finally, a combination of proteomic and biological efficacy data resulted in 5 clusters groups, driven by a combination of digesta peptide composition and biological effects. The key finding of our holistic approach is that protein source (animal, plant or alternative derived) is not a driving force behind the delivery of bioactive peptides and their biological efficacy.

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Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11093854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3854

Author(s):

Rendani Luthada-Raswiswi ◽

Samson Mukaratirwa ◽

Gordon O’Brien

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Fish Feeds ◽

By Products

Fishmeal is the main source of dietary protein for most commercially farmed fish species. However, fishmeal prices have been raised even further because of competition with domestic animals, shortage in world fishmeal supply, and increased demand. Increased fishmeal prices have contributed to the quest for alternatives necessary to replace fishmeal as a global research priority. A literature search was conducted using these terms on Google Scholar and EBSCOhost; fishmeal replacement in fish feeds, fishmeal alternatives in fish feeds, animal protein sources in aquaculture, insects in fish feeds, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products. To calculate the variation between experiments, a random effect model was used. Results indicated that different fish species, sizes, and inclusion levels were used in the various studies and showed that the use of insects, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products has some limitations. Despite these drawbacks, the use of animal protein sources as a replacement for fishmeal in fish diets has had a positive impact on the feed conversion ratio, variable growth rate, final weight, and survival rate of different types of fish species of different size groups. Findings also showed that some animal by-products had not been assessed as a protein source in aquaculture or animal feeds, and future studies are recommended.

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