Characterisation of virus-related red tip disease in pineapple (Ananas comosus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Kassim Faizah Abu ◽  
Ganesan Vadamalai ◽  
Khalid H. Alobaidi ◽  
Nor Azlina Hasbullah ◽  
Sarah Thaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Domestic Use

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the tropical fruits that is cultivated in Malaysia for export as well as domestic use. Unfortunately, the production is heavily affected by the red tip disease which was detected in the southern part of Malaysia 3 decades ago. Despite the identification of this disease, causal agent receives less attention from researchers. Nevertheless, symptoms associated with this infection and the mode of transference inside the plantations indicate viral-like disease. RNA extracted from the pineapple infected leaves introduced to Nicotiana tabacum cv. Coker by kneading the plant leaves to extract fresh sap. Yellowish necrosis was detected three weeks after artificial inoculation. The staining of the fresh diseased sample and inoculated Nicotiana tabacum cv. Coker showed the existence of round particles with an average diameter of 94.25nm under the transmission electron microscope. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed proteins bands similar to those of tospovirus at 25, 55 and 128 kDa. Further protein identification and validation suggested for molecular confirmation of the disease causative agent.

Preparation of a monodisperse poly (N-phenylmaleimide–acrylonitrile–styrene) structural nanolatex for heat-resistant modification of PVC

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-423
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Hua Qiu ◽  
Bo Cheng ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Shuhua Qi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ftir Spectrometer

A monodisperse poly ( N-phenylmaleimide–acrylonitrile–styrene) (PNAS) nanolatex was synthesized via seed microemulsion polymerization. The obtained PNAS nanolatex was then directly used as an organic nanofiller to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/PNAS hybrid composite through water blending and melt compounding. The characteristics of PNAS nanolatex were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic laser lighting scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). FTIR and elemental analysis confirmed the formation of PNAS copolymer with high monomers conversion; meanwhile, for the PNAS nanoparticles, the morphology of a well-defined core–shell spherical structure with average diameter ranging from 156 nm to 249 nm was observed. DSC analysis and TGA indicated that both polymers had excellent compatibility, and the corresponding heat resistance of PVC was greatly improved with the addition of PNAS. When PNAS loading was 50 wt%, the glass transition temperature value of PVC/PNAS hybrid composite was increased by 22.4°C, compared with that of pristine PVC. The mechanical properties of the PVC composite were also enhanced with the addition of PNAS.

scholarly journals Electrospun Multiple-Chamber Nanostructure and Its Potential Self-Healing Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubo Liu ◽  
Xinkuan Liu ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Deng-Guang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reactive Fluids ◽  
Amine Curing ◽  
First Time

To address the life span of materials in the process of daily use, new types of structural nanofibers, fabricated by multifluid electrospinning to encapsulate both epoxy resin and amine curing agent, were embedded into an epoxy matrix to provide it with self-healing ability. The nanofibers, which have a polyacrylonitrile sheath holding two separate cores, had an average diameter of 300 ± 140 nm with a uniform size distribution. The prepared fibers had a linear morphology with a clear three-chamber inner structure, as verified by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images. The two core sections were composed of epoxy and amine curing agents, respectively, as demonstrated under the synergistic characterization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry. The TGA results disclosed that the core-shell nanofibers contained 9.06% triethylenetetramine and 20.71% cured epoxy. In the electrochemical corrosion experiment, self-healing coatings exhibited an effective anti-corrosion effect, unlike the composite without nanofibers. This complex nanostructure was proven to be an effective nanoreactor, which is useful to encapsulate reactive fluids. This engineering process by multiple-fluid electrospinning is the first time to prove that this special multiple-chamber structure has great potential in the field of self-healing.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Larvicidal Potential of Silver Nanoparticles againstCulex quinquefasciatus: A Case of a Ubiquitous Weed as a Useful Bioresource

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah T. Adesuji ◽  
Omolara O. Oluwaniyi ◽  
Haleemat I. Adegoke ◽  
Roshila Moodley ◽  
Ayomide H. Labulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Filariasis Vector

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) usingCassia hirsutaaqueous leaf extract were reported in this study. The synthesis was optimized by measuring various parameters such as temperature, time, volume ratio, and concentration. The surface plasmon resonance at 440 nm for 30°C and 420 nm for both 50°C and 70°C measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer confirmed the formation of AgNPs synthesized usingC.hirsuta(CAgNPs). The functional groups responsible for the reduction and stabilization of the NPs were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The morphology, size, and elemental composition of the NPs were obtained using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). X-ray diffractometer was used to identify the phases and crystallinity of CAgNPs. Crystalline spherical NPs with average diameter of 6.9 ± 0.1 nm were successfully synthesized. The thermal analysis of CAgNPs was observed from DSC-TGA. The larvicidal results against the different larva instar stage ofCulex quinquefasciatusgave LC50= 4.43 ppm and LC90= 8.37 ppm. This is the first study on the synthesis of AgNPs usingC.hirsutaand its application against lymphatic filariasis vector. Hence, it is suggested that theC.hirsutasynthesized AgNPs would be environmentally benign in biological control of mosquito.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Template-Induced SnO2Nanotubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yang Jiao ◽  
Fengyu Qu ◽  
Lihong Gong ◽  
Xiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Mild Temperature ◽  
Temperature Time

Large scale SnO2nanotubes are successfully obtained by a facile hydrothermal method at a mild temperature. The morphologies and the microstructures of the as-synthesized SnO2products are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The average diameter of the nanotubes is about 100 nm. The phase and composition of the as-obtained products are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A series of comparison experiments were conducted by varying the experimental parameters, such as temperature, time, and the amount of the alkali, to study the formation mechanism of SnO2nanotubes.

The Effect of Temperature on the Structure of Cotton Carbon Fiber by Chemical Vapor Deposition

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 671-674
Author(s):  
Jindamanee Nissayan ◽  
Saifon Kruehong ◽  
Chaiyaput Kruehong ◽  
Apichat Artnaseaw
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Temperatures

Synthesis of carbon fibers of cotton by chemical vapor deposition (CDV) method is the main focus of this study. Having ferocene as the catalyst, the study explored effects of synthesis process at different temperatures (750°C, 850°C and 950°C). Analysis of size, shape and structure were conducted using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Raman spectroscope. The result showed that average diameter of carbon fibers tended to increase according to temperature. In addition, it was found that surface of the fiber is bend and helical. Also, higher temperature affected graphitic of the fiber.

scholarly journals The Ophthalmic Performance of Hydrogel Contact Lenses Loaded with Silicone Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen-Phuong-Dung Tran ◽  
Ming-Chien Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Equilibrium Water Content ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, silicone nanoparticles (SiNPs) were prepared from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) via the sol-gel process. The resultant SiNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). These SiNPs were then blended with 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP) before polymerizing into hydrogel contact lenses. All hydrogels were subject to characterization, including equilibrium water content (EWC), contact angle, and oxygen permeability (Dk). The average diameter of SiNPs was 330 nm. The results indicated that, with the increase of SiNPs content, the oxygen permeability increased, while the EWC was affected insignificantly. The maximum oxygen permeability attained was 71 barrer for HEMA-NVP lens containing 1.2 wt% of SiNPs with an EWC of 73%. These results demonstrate that by loading a small amount of SiNPs, the Dk of conventional hydrogel lenses can be improved greatly. This approach would be a new method to produce oxygen-permeable contact lenses.

ARC Discharge for the Synthesis of Monoclinic Ga2O3 Nanowires

1999 ◽  
Vol 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Chul Choi ◽  
Dong Jae Bae ◽  
Seung Mi Lee ◽  
Young Soo Park ◽  
Young Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
Twin Defects ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Gallium Oxides ◽  
Ft Raman

ABSTRACTMonoclinic gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) nanowires were catalytically synthesized by electric arc discharge of GaN powders mixed with a small amount (less than 5 %) of transition metals under a pressure of 500 Torr (80 %-Ar + 20 %-O2). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images showed that the average diameter of the wires were about 30 nm and their lengths were as long as up to one hundred micrometer, resulting in extremely large aspect ratio. Fourier diffractogram was indicative of single crystalline nature of the β-Ga2O3 wire. HRTEM image also showed β-Ga2O3 with twin defects at the center of the wire which might play as nucleation seeds. Both X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and FT-Raman spectra of the wires identified the observed nanowires as monoclinic crystalline gallium oxides.

Intercalation of Poly-acrylonitrile (PAN) into carbon nanotubes

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chan ◽  
K. Sun ◽  
A. Yarin ◽  
C.M. Megaridis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Intercalation Process ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile

The primary goal of this work is to fill 200 nm average diameter CVD Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with Poly-acrylonitrile (PAN) - a carbonizable polymer - with the diffusion process reported by Bazilevsky et al. and to control the thickness and structure of the PAN inside the CNTs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used as a tool to monitor the morphology of polymer filled nanotubes. TEM images of CNTs that were filled using five different PAN concentrations of the PAN/DMF solution - 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 wt% - demonstrated that the intercalation process is independent of the initial PAN concentration in solution. Furthermore, a DMF rinse process was used to remove polymer that was clinging to the outer walls of the CNTs, allowing clearer visual of the PAN structure in the interior of the CNTs. Finally, TEM images of filled CNTs taken through a carbonization process demonstrated that the CNT samples were able to survive the high temperature, with some damage to the CNT walls.

scholarly journals Rare Earth Dy3+ Activated MgSrAl10O17 Phosphors for Luminescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Thermo Luminescence

MgSrAl10O17:xDy3+ nanophosphors were fabricated by combustion method for different concentrations (x = 0, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 mol) of Dysprosium (Dy). The synthesized nanophosphors were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, PL and TL. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) showed crystalline hexagonal structure with preferred orientation of (107) plane. SEM (Scanning electron microscope) result shows the formation of nanosheets in irregular shape. TEM (transmission electron microscope) study revealed the nanoparticles within average diameter size of 30 nm. The FTIR ( fourier transform infrared spectrum) shows absorption peaks in numerous regions. TL (thermo-luminescence) properties included TL glow curves and TL response for different concentrations of Dy after exposure of 700 Gy gamma rays. TL intensity was found to increase with increase in concentration of dopant Dy and was found to show best result for x=0.02. Further PL (photoluminescence) characterization ofMgSrAl10O17:0.02 Dy3+ phosphor exhibits two main emission peaks at 484 and 575 nm due to Dy3+ ion, when excited with 350 nm wavelength.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Conyza canadensis and Their Antifungal Activity against Bipolaris maydis

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Yueming Yi ◽  
Changjin Wang ◽  
Xinxin Cheng ◽  
Kechuan Yi ◽  
Weidong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solid Plate

Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized from Conyzacanadensis leaf extract with the help of a microwave oven. The UV-vis spectrum showed the maximum absorption at 441 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope images showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical or near-spherical with an average diameter of 43.9 nm. X-ray diffraction demonstrated nanoparticles with a single-phase cubic structure. As-synthesized silver nanoparticles displayed prominent antifungal activity against Bipolaris maydis. The colony inhibition rate reached 88.6% when the concentration of nanosilver colloid was 100 μL·mL−1 (v/v). At such a concentration, no colony formation was observed on the solid plate. The diameter of the inhibition zone was 13.20 ± 1.12 mm. These results lay the foundation for the comprehensive control of plant pathogens using an environmentally friendly approach.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document