Неравномерное окрашивание плодов томата: вероятные причины и пути преодоления

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Tereshonkova ◽  
I.P. Borisova ◽  
T.S. Zhivaeva ◽  
A.V. Kornev ◽  
I.K. Petra ◽  
...  

Исследования проводили в 2015–2016 годах в Московской области. Были оценены 125 коммерческих гибридов томатов отечественной и зарубежной селекции. Цель работы – определение причины явления неравномерного окрашивания плодов. Проведенные исследования выявили, что в результате неравномерного окрашивания плодов томата помимо товарных качеств, резко ухудшаются и диетические качества плодов. Установлено, что вне зависимости от этиологии заболевания, приводящего к проявлению симптомов «неравномерного окрашивания плодов», ценность таких плодов резко снижается не только из-за чисто визуальной непривлекательности, но и в связи с уменьшением содержания полезных для здоровья человека веществ. Причем максимальное снижение наблюдается именно по самому ценному в плане пользы для здоровья человеческого организма пигменту – ликопину. Отмечено двукратное снижение содержания антиоксиданта ликопина в плодах с симптомами неравномерного окрашивания. Идентификация вирусов методами ИФА и ПЦР в тканях плодов с симптомами обесцвечивания позволили выделить такие вирусы как TMV, ToMV, TSWV и различное их сочетание. Показана стабильная эффективность препарата Фармайод против синдрома неравномерного окрашивания плодов томата. Можно предположить, что имеется сортовая реакция не только по интенсивности развития симптомов неравномерного окрашивания плодов, но и по чувствительности к лечебному эффекту применения Фармайода. Анализ плодов с нормальной окраской, взятых с растений, на которых ранее были отмечены симптомы неравномерного окрашивания, после двух обработок Фармайодом, показал присутствие в плодах вирусов TMV и ToMV. На дату проведения первой обработки плоды с неравномерной окраской отмечали на I и II кистях на всех трех гибридах. Средняя доля (%) поражения на гибриде F1 Океан составила 22,3%, на F1 Алая Каравелла − 35%, на F1 Тривет – 51,9%. По учетам на I–VI кистях после третьей обработки симптомы обесцвечивания наблюдали лишь на единичных плодах: у F1 Океан − 10%, у F1 Алая Каравелла − 2%.Studies were conducted in 2015-2016 years in the Moscow region. 125 commercial hybrids of tomatoes of domestic and foreign selection were evaluated. The purpose of the work is to determine the cause of the phenomenon of uneven staining in fruits. The carried out researches have revealed that as a result of uneven staining of tomato fruits, in addition to commercial qualities, the dietary quality of fruits also sharply worsens. It is established that regardless of the etiology of the disease, which leads to the manifestation of the symptoms of "uneven staining of fruits," the value of such fruits is sharply reduced not only because of purely visual unattractiveness, but also because of the decrease in the content of substances beneficial to human health. And the maximum reduction is observed for the most valuable in terms of health benefits of the human body pigment - lycopene. There was a twofold decrease in the content of lycopene antioxidant in fruits with symptoms of uneven staining. Identification of viruses using ELISA and PCR in tissues of fetuses with symptoms of discoloration made it possible to isolate such viruses as TMV, ToMV, TSWV and their various combinations. The stable efficacy of Farmayod against the syndrome of uneven staining of tomato fruit is shown. It can be assumed that there is a varietal reaction not only in terms of the intensity of the development of symptoms of uneven staining of fruits, but also in sensitivity to the therapeutic effect of the application of Farmayod. Analysis of fruit with normal color taken from plants that previously had symptoms of uneven staining, after two treatments by Farmayod, showed the presence of TMV and ToMV in the fruit. On the date of the first treatment, fruits with uneven coloring were noted on I and II brushes on all three hybrids. The average percentage (%) of damage on the F1 Ocean was 22.3%, on F1 Alaya Caravel- 35%, on F1 Trivet - 51.9%. According to the accounts on I-VI brushes after the third treatment, the symptoms of discoloration were observed only on single fruits: F1 Ocean - 10%, F1 Alaya Caravel - 2%.

Author(s):  
Fufa Desta Dugassa

Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L. (or) Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is being a very nutritious and health protective food, are highly perishable nature. Its sensitivity to postharvest loss due to poor handling, diseases and physical injury limits its successful marketing. Therefore, simple technology is required to reduce the postharvest loss of this commodity. The use of edible coatings with bio-extracts appears to be a good alternative preservation technique to extend the mature tomato fruits. This study was, therefore, initiated to investigate the effect of using bio- extracts garlic bulba and capsicum incorporation with coating materials (maize starch and beeswax on physicochemical quality of tomato fruit stored at ambient conditions (temperature 15.5 to 20.2oC and relative humidity of 55.5 to 67.3%). The experiment was conducted using complete randomized design of two varieties (Fetane and Melkashola) and six treatments. The tomato fruits were coated by dipping into solution for 3 minutes. The treatments prepared were on coating solution of MGE( 9.5% maize starch with 0.5% garlic extract), MCE (9.5% maize starch with 0.5% capsicum extract), BCE (9.5% beewax mixed with 0.5% capsicum extract), BGE (9.5% beewax mixed with 0.5% garlic extract), 10% maize starch without bio-extract, 10% beewax without bio- extract and control. The treatment means were tested at significance level of P ≤ 0.05. The effectiveness of bio-extracts with coating materials on physicochemical quality of tomato fruits were evaluated at three days intervals for 30 days. There was a significance difference (P<0.05) between coated and uncoated fruits. All coatings delayed tomato ripening and improved the keeping quality parameters but best results were exhibited by 9.5% with 0.5% BCE followed by 9.5% with 0.5% MGE by maintaining the mature tomato fruit for 30 days. The study showed that the Fetane variety has maintained more quality attribute than Melkashola variety during storage.


2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Mihaela Niţu ◽  
Augustina Pruteanu ◽  
Despina Maria Bordean ◽  
Carmen Popescu ◽  
Gyorghy Deak ◽  
...  

Heavy metals in contaminated soils have benefited from a considerable attention due to the possible risks for the human body. The current study has investigated the accumulation and transfer coefficient for three heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) found in the contaminated soil with three concentrations (c1=1.5%, c2=3.0%, c3=4.5%, c4=6.0%), obtained by mixing the three metals, in the tomato fruit. The highest accumulation in the tomato fruits was recorded for zinc, then copper and the smallest for lead, for all four concentrations used. The transfer coefficient decreases as the concentration of heavy metals increases, so that for high heavy metals concentrations, the values of the transfer coefficient are very low, and for small heavy metals concentrations in the soil, the values for the transfer coefficient are higher. The assessment of accumulation and transfer of heavy metals in the fruits of tomatoes grown in the contaminated soil has concluded that all concentrations of the copper, lead and zinc mix have shown a low risk for human consumption.


2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Helyes ◽  
A. Lugasi ◽  
Z. Pék

Indeterminate round type tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown on a supporting trellace system in the field was used to determine the correlation between light exposure and the surface temperature and lycopene content of tomato fruit. The positive correlation between solar radiation and surface temperature was stronger (R2 = 0.87) on non-shaded (NS) than on shaded (SF) (R2 >= 0.79) tomato fruits. There was strong negative correlation (R2 = 0.95) between surface temperature and lycopene content of tomato fruits. Increasing solar radiation and temperature explained the lower content of lycopene content and therefore the loss of nutritional quality of the non-shaded tomato fruits. Key words: Tomato, fruit surface temperature, lycopene


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Vihangesh Kumar Dixit ◽  
Raghuveer Irchhaiya ◽  
Nandlal Singh ◽  
Rishikesh Gupta

Herbal formulations are very useful for human health because of their natural and simple processing. A quality herbal formulation must pass the test for their characteristic properties. Inspite of the large number of Ayurvedic formulations are available in the market, standards of their quality are yet to be laid. Amlaka churnam or amalaki rasayanam is a swarasa bhavita, important herbal formulation used for treatment related to immunity systems of human body. In addition to this it is also used for nurturing of skin, heart, eye and stomach. The main ingredient of amalaka churnam is amla (Embalica officinalis) family Euphorbiaceae. Though amalaka churnam is described in many classical Ayurvedic granthas, but there are minor differences in their formulations. Also marketed formulations of amalaki rasayanam by manufacturers do not have description about its standardization.  Therefore, it is necessary to develop standard parameters for establishment of quality of the formulation. In this work, a standardization of herbal formulations of amalaka churnam is reported in terms of organoleptic evaluation of ingredients with rasayana formulation, loss of drying analysis, foreign matter, phytochemical screening, pH estimation, evaluation of ash value, extractive value and rheological evaluation. Keywords: Bhvit, amalaka Churnam, Organoleptic, rheological etc.


Author(s):  
S. A. AI-Rawahy ◽  
S.M.E. Satti ◽  
M. V. Lopez

The effect of a saline nutritional regime on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit yield and fruit quality enhancement for five cultivars (CLN 425, Pearson, Napoli, Hymar, and Sierra) was studied. The saline nutrient treatment consisted of (i) a control. Hoagland's solution (EC=2.5 mScm -1), (ii) Hoagland's solution + 50 mM NaCl (EC=7.46 mScm-1), (iii) Hoagland's solution + 50 mM NaCl + 4 mM K2SO4 + 2 mM H3PO4 (EC=8.31mScm-1), (iv) same as in (iii)3 but applied when plants were at 50% flowering, then the plants were irrigated with Hoagland’s solution as in the control, and (v) same as in (iii) until the plans were at 5096 flowering, thereafter NaCl concentration was reduced to 25mM (EC=5.87 mscm-1). Plans were seven weeks old at the start of the saline treatments. Each plant was in PVC cylindrical pots (15 cm diameter and 27 cm height) containing washed quartz sand. Fruits were harvested once weekly for ten weeks at incipient red. The control gave a higher fruit  yield than the saline treatments. However, the tomato fruits from thesaline treatments had higher titratable acidity, higher total soluble solids, and higher total solid indicating better quality of the fruits than those from the control. Of the five cultivars studied, Hymar had the highest fruit yield followed by Pearson. Hymar’s quality was also highest, followed by CLN 425. Napoli was the most susceptible to salinity and Sierra had the lowest quality.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Salas Pérez ◽  
José Luis García Hernández ◽  
Candido Márquez Hernández ◽  
Manuel Fortis Hernández ◽  
Josue Raymundo Estrada Arellano ◽  
...  

The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of sand, solarized manure, vermicompost and soil capable of increasing tomato fruit yield and lycopene content. The treatments were: T1: 80 % Sand- 20 % Vermicompost (SV), T2: 80 % Sand- 20 % Solarized manure (SSM1), T3: 80 % Sand - 20 % Pelite ?Steiner solution (SPSS), T4: 80 % Sand- 5 % Soil - 15 % Vermicompost (SSoV), T5: 85 % Sand - 15 % Solarized manure (SSM2) and T6: 80 % Sand - 5 % Soil - 15 % Solarized manure (SSoSM). The organic substrates T5, T4, T1 and the control (T3) obtained larger fruits and yields. The lycopene content in tomato fruits grown in the organic substrates was 26 % higher than that obtained in the control treatment. Organic fertilizers improve the nutraceutical quality of tomato fruits, without signi cantly degrading yield. 


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assunta Raiola ◽  
Maria Manuela Rigano ◽  
Roberta Calafiore ◽  
Luigi Frusciante ◽  
Amalia Barone

Consumption of tomato fruits, like those of many other plant species that are part of the human diet, is considered to be associated with several positive effects on health. Indeed, tomato fruits are an important source of bioactive compounds with known beneficial effects including vitamins, antioxidants, and anticancer substances. In particular, antioxidant metabolites are a group of vitamins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and phenolic acid that can provide effective protection by neutralizing free radicals, which are unstable molecules linked to the development of a number of degenerative diseases and conditions. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress on tomatoes nutritional importance and mechanisms of action of different phytochemicals against inflammation processes and prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases (e.g., obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension). In addition, we will summarize the significant progress recently made to improve the nutritional quality of tomato fruits through metabolic engineering and/or breeding.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 882-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar SARIÑANA-ALDACO ◽  
Esteban SANCHEZ-CHAVEZ ◽  
Manuel FORTIS-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
José Antonio GONZÁLEZ-FUENTES ◽  
Alejandro MORENO-RESENDEZ ◽  
...  

Tomato fruits are a unique functional food and a natural reservoir of nutrients, antioxidants, vitamins and bioactive compounds that improve nutrition and human health. As an important vegetable throughout the world, tomatoes have attracted the attention of researchers to carry out various strategies to improve the functionality of this food aimed at the prevention of diseases, health and global well-being. An agronomic strategy in this study was to evaluate the influence of the application of "salicylic acid (SA)" on the yield and nutraceutical quality of the tomato crop, produced under hydroponic conditions. A completely randomized experimental design with six repetitions was used. SA at five doses (0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.125 mM) and one control were applied every 15 days in the nutritive solution under a hydroponic system on tomato plants. The evaluated variables were yield (total fruit weight per plant), fruit parameters (weight, diameter, firmness, and total soluble solids), percentage of weight loss and nutraceutical quality of tomato. The results obtained indicate that the addition of salicylic acid in nutritive solution increased the yield and biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds in tomato fruits, in relation to the control without application. In conclusion, to obtain a higher nutraceutical quality without affecting the tomato fruit yield, it is recommended to use the average concentration (0.125 mM) of SA.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Suci Amalia ◽  
Gustimal Witri

This research aims at developing folklore story book of " Ikan Sakti Sungai Janiah" and finding out its feasibility. The story book was designed by using coreldraw7. Model 4D was used as the research method by using four stages; those are define, design, develop and dessiminate, but it was only limited until the third stage. The data of this research was taken from a valid design-expert-instrument, a valid language-expert-instrument and students’ responses. The data was a quantitative data which was measured by using guideline citeria for assessment categories in determining the quality of the product. The research findings based on a design expert on draft 1 with average percentage of 81.4% with feasible category considered improved on draft 2 to 96% with highly feasible category. Furthermore, based on a language expert on draft 1 with the average percentage 68.75% with feasible category, it was considered improved on draft 2 to 95% with highly feasible category. For students’ responses, the average percentage was 94.5% with highly feasible category. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the product developed by the researcher was considered very proper to use as a learning source of literature at primary school.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwen Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
...  

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) plays an important role in plant growth and development. It can also be used to enhance crop resistance to environmental stresses and improve the color and internal quality of fruits. However, there are limited reports regarding the effects of ALA on tomato fruit color and its regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, the effects of exogenous ALA on the quality and coloration of tomato fruits were examined. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum “Yuanwei No. 1”) fruit surfaces were treated with different concentrations of ALA (0, 100, and 200 mg⋅L–1) on the 24th day after fruit setting (mature green fruit stage), and the content of soluble sugar, titratable acid, soluble protein, vitamin C, and total free amino acids, as well as 11 kinds of free amino acid components, intermediates of lycopene synthetic and metabolic pathways, and ALA metabolic pathway derivatives were determined during fruit ripening. The relative expression levels of genes involved in lycopene synthesis and metabolism and those involved in ALA metabolism were also analyzed. The results indicated that exogenous ALA (200 mg⋅L–1) increased the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, total free amino acids, and vitamin C as well as 11 kinds of amino acid components in tomato fruits and reduced the content of titratable acids, thus improving the quality of tomato fruits harvested 4 days earlier than those of the control plants. In addition, exogenous ALA markedly improved carotenoid biosynthesis by upregulating the gene expression levels of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase 1, phytoene desaturase, and lycopene β-cyclase. Furthermore, exogenous ALA inhibited chlorophyll synthesis by downregulating the genes expression levels of Mg-chelatase and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. These findings suggest that supplementation with 200 mg⋅L–1 ALA not only enhances the nutritional quality and color of the fruit but also promotes early fruit maturation in tomato.


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