Primorye vegetable experimental station: results and prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Н.К. Антидзе ◽  
Н.А. Сакара ◽  
Ю.Г. Михеев ◽  
В.И. Леунов ◽  
И.А. Ванюшкина ◽  
...  

Увеличение численности населения на российском Дальнем Востоке (РДВ) и ее стабилизация связаны прежде всего с привлекательностью и оптимизацией здорового питания проживающего здесь населения. Основа такого питания – снабжение свежими овощами и пищевыми продуктами, изготовленными на основе свежих, переработанных и законсервированных овощей. Проблема самообеспечения населения Дальнего Востока продуктами сельского хозяйства возникла с начала его освоения, т. е. с середины XVIII века, и даже сегодня еще далека от решения. Для устранения дефицита овощной продукции (391,1 тыс. т) нами рассчитаны необходимые объемы производства овощей на Дальнем Востоке для полного самообеспечения населения на период с 2020 по 2025 годы. Приморский край, будучи самым южным регионом России, не отличается по уровню самообеспеченности населения овощами. Производство овощей резко изменяется по годам, вследствие чего этот показатель варьирует от 53,1 до 86,8%, что лишь немногим превышает самообеспеченность в целом по Дальнему Востоку. К числу причин, сдерживающих развитие овощеводства в Приморском крае, можно отнести и недостаточное научное обеспечение этой отрасли. Для решения этой проблемы была создана Приморская овощная опытная станция, история которой начинается с создания в 1980 году в селе Кневичи Приморского края Дальневосточного опорного пункта ВНИИ овощного хозяйства. Сотрудники этого учреждения стали вести исследования по актуальным проблемам овощеводства в Приморском крае (технологическая модернизация возделывания овощей в полевых условиях и зимних блочных теплицах; селекция и семеноводство; вопросы земледелия, агрохимии и защиты растений от болезней, вредителей и сорной растительности). Цель данной публикации – обобщить многолетнюю работу Приморской овощной опытной станции – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО по научному обеспечению овощеводства Приморского края и показать перспективу дальнейшей деятельности этого научного коллектива. The increase in the population in the Russian Far East and its stabilization are primarily associated with the attractiveness and optimization of a healthy diet of the population living here, which is based on the supply of fresh vegetables and food products made on the basis of fresh, processed and canned vegetables. The problem of self-sufficiency of the population of the Far East with agricultural products has arisen since the beginning of its development, i. e. since the middle of the 18th century, and is still far from being solved. To eliminate the above-mentioned shortage of vegetable products (391.1 thousand tons), we have calculated the necessary volumes of vegetable production in the Far East for full self-sufficiency of the population for the period from 2020 to 2025. Primorsky Territory, which is the southernmost region of Russia, does not differ in the level of self-sufficiency of the population with vegetables. Vegetable production varies dramatically over the years, as a result of which this indicator varies from 53.1 to 86.8%, which is only slightly higher than self-sufficiency in the Far East as a whole. Among the reasons hindering the development of vegetable growing in the Primorsky Territory, we can also include insufficient scientific support for this industry. For this purpose, the Primorsky Vegetable Experimental Station was created, the history of which begins with the creation in 1980 in the village of Knevichi of the Primorsky Territory of the Far Eastern reference point of the Vegetable Research Institute. As a result of the work of this institution, research began to be carried out on topical problems of vegetable growing in the Primorsky Territory (technological modernization of vegetable cultivation processes in the field and winter block greenhouses; selection and seed production; issues of agriculture, agrochemistry and plant protection from diseases, pests and weeds). The purpose of this publication is to summarize the long – term work of the Primorsky Vegetable Experimental Station – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution for the scientific support of vegetable growing in the Primorsky Territory and to show the prospects for the further activities of this scientific team.

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 29-64
Author(s):  
N.S. Probatova ◽  

The paper summarizes information on chromosome numbers (CNs) of the Grass species (Poaceae) in the flora of Russian Federation, obtained on the original material, most part - from the Russian Far East (RFE). In some species the CNs are known in Russia or in the world only from RFE, in some – from one locality or few, or from one subregion of RFE. The grass species in RFE often occur in mountain regions and near seacoasts; some species are endemics, some were studied near the limits of their geographical distribution areas. The diversity of CNs, the special features of the CNs distribution in some grass groups are discussed. The alien species are abundant in RFE, and their CNs are also involved in the study. For karyologically polymorphous species further studies are needed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Yatsenko ◽  
B.M. Goltsman ◽  
A.V. Ryabova

Modern trends in the development of the oil and gas infrastructure of the Russian Far East are considered. The main threats in the operation of oil and gas pipelines are described. The technology of complex protection of pipeline surfaces is proposed. Protection of the inner surface is achieved through the use of silicate enamel coatings, protection of the external surface – through the use of foam glass. On the basis of local silicate raw materials the technology of the described materials is developed, and their main properties are determined. Recommendations on the application of the developed technology for the protection of pipelines are given.


2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-426
Author(s):  
I. F. Skirina ◽  
N. A. Tsarenko ◽  
F. V. Skirin

This paper presents the results of the study of lichen flora in swamp complexes of Sakhalin Island, obtained during expeditionary research in 2005–2009 and 2014–2020. The revealed species composition of lichens includes 172 species. The 28 of them are new for Sakhalin and 93 are new for the island swamp complexes. Bryocaulon pseudosatoanum is included in the regional and federal Red lists. Lecidea nylanderi is new to the south of the Far East. The information about substrates, habitats and locations is given for all species. The data on the distribution in the south of the Far East and, in some cases for all Far East, are listed for selected species that are new for Sakhalin Island and the south of the Far East. For the first time, a characteristic of the distribution of lichens in oligotrophic, eutrophic and mesotrophic bogs of Sakhalin Island is given.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Nikolaychuk

The monograph presents the search for solutions to the problems of the Far Eastern region. The proximity of China and the remoteness from the center of Russia make us look for effective measures to overcome the problems of settling the Far East in the context of sustainable economic development of modern Russia. The paper analyzes the problems of the Far East: in industry, agriculture, forestry, energy problems, environmental problems, and provides recommendations for their solution. Considerable attention is paid to migration problems. The experience of China is studied through the prism of bilateral cooperation with Russia. It is intended for students, masters, postgraduates, researchers dealing with issues of macroeconomic regulation and forecasting.


Author(s):  
B. Badamdorj ◽  

The insect fauna of Mongolia includes about 12,000 species belonging to 24 orders. The only order, Orthoptera, is richer in species in Mongolia than in the Far East of Russia. All other units show greater diversity in the Russian Far East than in Mongolia. There are a significant number of very interesting endemics. Tizanuras of the family Machilidae are relic insects, represented by five species in Mongolia. As examples of widespread Central Asian insects, a number of species of darkling beetles and weevils can be indicated, most of which are endemic to Mongolia or Central Asia.


Author(s):  
N. V. Stapran

After the end of the Cold War Russia has significantly increased its participation in multilateral mechanisms in the Asia-Pacific region and is clearly trying to become a significant player in regional institution-building. For two post-Cold War Russia decades was involved in almost all the basic mechanisms of multilateral cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. However, often Russia isn't perceived by Asian partners as an equal participant in the Asia-Pacific region, it is felt particularly in the area of multilateral economic cooperation. Russia's entry into the WTO (2011) and the formation of the Common Economic stimulated Russia's engagement in multilateral economic structures. Russia's inclusion in the negotiating framework of ASEM (2010) and EAS (2011) perceives that Asian countries are willing to see Russia as a full member not only in regional processes, but also globally. The main stimulus for the revision of the Asian direction of foreign policy and the role of Siberia and the Far East appears during APEC summit in Vladivostok in 2012. The APEC summit demonstrated the geostrategic importance of the development of the Russian Far East and Siberia, as a key element of Russia's inclusion in the mechanisms of regional cooperation, on the other hand, it became clear that without the participation of foreign partners effective development of the Far Eastern territories is hardly possible. Large-scale investment and infrastructure projects in the Far East has already significantly revived the situation in the region opening new opportunities for multilateral cooperation.


Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4472 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLAY A. RYABININ ◽  
DONG LIU ◽  
MEIXIANG GAO ◽  
DONG-HUI WU

The present paper reviews the taxonomic studies of the mite suborder Oribatida in the Russian Far East South and Chinese North-East Territories. At present, 746 species of oribatid mites are registered in China, including 175 species in the soils of Northeast China. In the Russian Far East, there were 605 species of oribatids, including 344 species in the south of the Far East. The fauna of the oribatid mites of the Northeast of China and the south of the Russian Far East has 446 species and subspecies representing 190 genera and 80 families. 72 species of oribatid are common for both territories. The modern fauna of the oribatid mites of the Northeast of China and the south of the Far East was formed as a result of prolonged interaction between the boreal and palaearchaearctic faunas. The oribatid fauna of this region is distinguished by the presence of a large number of endemics, some of which are relics of the late Tertiary time and which can be considered as autochthonous. The checklist includes data from more than 100 locations of this enormous region. In addition, a short climatic and historical review of oribatid mites study is presented. 


Author(s):  
Marina N. Khramova ◽  
◽  
Dmitry P. Zorin ◽  
◽  

In the current geopolitical conditions and fierce competition in world markets from such dy-namically developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region as China, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore and a number of others, the preservation and increase of human capital in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District is of a strategic nature. To ensure the national security and integrity of the country, to strengthen Russia's position in the Asia-Pacific area, the role of the Far East regions comes to the fore. However, the pronounced processes of depopulation of the population of the Far East regions and the stable migration outflow of the working-age population to other regions of Russia and abroad call into question the implementation of many tasks for the sustainable socio-economic development of this macro-region. The regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are already experiencing a shortage of qualified personnel in several industries. This deficit, in the absence of a governmental long-term strategy in the field of human capital formation, will not allow Russia to compete with the fast-growing economies of Asia-Pacific countries in the future. In this article, we analyze the opportunities and potential risks of human capital development through the prism of demographic processes occurring in the regions of the Russian Far East. Based on modern data on fertility, mortality, age-sex structure of the population, trends in interregional and international migration we conclude that for the growth of human capital and sustainable economic growth, the necessary conditions are: the development of transport and social infrastructure of the macro-region, the development of programs of labor mobility of the popu-lation, attracting young people through the educational migration channel, attracting international migrants from the CIS countries as well as from Asia-Pacific countries with a level of education and qualifications corresponding to the economic specialization of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.


2021 ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Alexander Kim ◽  
Mariia Surzhik ◽  
Aleksei Mamychev

Koreans had lived on the southern territory of the modern Russian Far East before the arrival of Russian pathfinders in these lands. Therefore, they are an indigenous population of the modern Primorye region in the Russia, although, in the nineteenth century the number of Koreans was relatively small in the south of the Russian Far East. Russian Koreans supported the October Revolution and the fight of the Red Army against the old regime for several reasons. Bolsheviks put forward two principles of the new government—land for peasants and equality of peoples. These principles found a response in the broad mass of the Korean and Chinese populations in the Far East. After their victory, the Bolsheviks kept their promises. An area for ethnic Koreans, called Posiet, in the territory of the Primorye region was created, and Koreans resided in 28 districts in three areas of the modern Primorye region. A Korean Education College was created in Nikolsk Ussuriysk-city (modern Ussuriysk-city), as well as Korean language schools, a national theater, Korean-Chinese printers and so on. Korean families usually have many children, so the Korean population in Russia grew at a fast pace. This Korean population fell victim to the policies of deportation, which were applied to many of the non-Russian peoples of the Far East under Stalin. For many decades such deportations were denied, and then when admitted, the documentary materials surrounding them were unavailable. However, in the 1980s with the development of greater accessibility to archives held by the Russian Federation, the stories of such difficult historical moments are once again visible and reachable. This Research Note, in particular, explores the archival material that exists in the Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF, Государственный архив Российской Федерации, State Archive of the Russian Federation) relating to the deportation of Koreans of Primorye to Uzbekistan.


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