The influence of double tillering node on winter hardiness and yield of winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Ворончихин ◽  
И. Ворончихина ◽  
В. Рубец ◽  
В. Пыльнев
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Adaptive Property ◽  
Lower Node

Исследования проводились в Московской области в 2014 2016 годах. Зимостойкость озимой тритикале является основным адаптивным свойством, определяющим урожайность культуры в регионе. Неблагоприятные условия перезимовки могут приводить к гибели узла кущения, что неминуемо вызывает гибель растений. Узел кущения обычно залегает на глубине 1,5 2,0 см от поверхности почвы. В некоторых случаях формируется нижний узел кущения, который развивается из пазушной почки колеоптиля и залегает на глубине заделки семян. В случае гибели нормального узла кущения нижний узел обеспечивает лучшую сохранность растений и снижение изреживания посевов. Данная работа посвящена поиску образцов озимой тритикале с повышенным содержанием двойных узлов кущения, оценке сопряжённости этого признака с сохранностью растений весной и урожайностью зерна. Изучено влияние данного признака на перезимовку и урожайность зерна 43 сортообразцов озимой гексаплоидной тритикале в условиях Центрального района Нечернозёмной зоны. Метеорологические условия в годы исследований различались: зимний период 2014 2015 годов был благоприятным для перезимовки растений тритикале в 2015 2016 годах наблюдались оттепели, что отрицательно сказалось на сохранности некоторых сортообразцов. Показано, что повышенное содержание растений с двумя узлами кущения положительно сказывается на перезимовке тритикале. Данный признак не оказывает прямого влияния на урожайность, однако выявлена положительная тенденция. Это даёт возможность отбора форм, сочетающих высокую адаптивность и урожайность зерна. Investigations took place in the Moscow region in 2014 2016. Winter hardiness of winter triticale is the main adaptive property that determines the crop yield in the region. Unfavorable conditions of overwintering can lead to the death of tillering node, which inevitably causes the death of plants. Tillering node usually lies at a depth of 1.5 2.0 cm below the soil surface. In some cases, the lower tillering node is formed it develops from the axillary bud of the coleoptile and lies at the depth of the seeding. In case of death of the normal tillering node, the lower node provides better plant safety and reduced thinning of crops. The research is concerned with the searching samples of winter triticale with a high content of double tillering nodes, the assessment of the association of this feature with the safety of plants for spring and grain yield. It was explored the effect of this trait on the overwintering and grain yield covering 43 varieties of winter hexaploid triticale in the Central region of the NonChernozem zone. Meteorological conditions in the years of research varied: winter in 2014 2015 was favorable for overwintering triticale plants in 2015 2016 thaws were observed, which negatively affected the safety of some varieties. It was shown that increased content of plants with two tillering nodes has a positive impact on the triticale overwintering. This trait does not directly influence crop yield, but a positive trend was revealed. This makes it possible to select forms that combine high adaptability and grain yield.

scholarly journals The influence of two tillering nodes on winter hardness and yield of winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
V. V. Voronchikhin ◽  
I. N. Voronchikhina ◽  
V. S. Rubets ◽  
V. V. Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Winter Triticale

The effect of occurrence of plants with two tillering nodes on the overwintering and grain yield covering 43 cultivars of winter hexaploid triticale in the Central region of the non-Chernozem zone were studied. It was shown that increased content of plants with two tillering nodes has a positive impact on the triticale overwintering. This trait does not directly influence on crop yield, but a positive trend was revealed. This makes it possible to select forms that combine high adaptability and grain yield.

scholarly journals Daya Hasil dan Stabilitas Ratun Galur Padi pada Lahan Pasang Surut

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parlin H. Sinaga ◽  
Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas ◽  
Didy Sopandie ◽  
Hajrial Aswidinnoor
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Rice Genotypes

<p>The study was aimed to determine the productivity and yield stability of ratoon rice genotypes in three environments and to obtain rice genotypes suistable for ratoonning on specific environment of tidal land. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block with three replicates. Seedling was planted at 21 days old with spacing of 20 x 20 cm, one seedling per hill. Plants were harvested 30 days after heading by cutting at a height of 10 cm from the soil surface. One day after harvest, the land was irrigated as high as 3 cm and fertilized with Urea 50 kg/ha, TSP 30 kg/ha, and KCl 25 kg/ha. Yield stability was analyzed according to Eberhart and Russel (1966). Ratoons were sensitive to the environmental changes. Genotype IPB97-F-13-1-1, IPB 4S, and IPB 3S produced the main crop + ratoon grain yield of 5.26 t/ha, 5.14 t/ha, and 5.64 t/ha dry milling grain (DMG), respectively. Based on yield of the main crop + ratoon, IPB97-F-13-1-1 and IPB 4S was each considered as adaptable to the suboptimum condition (bi&lt;1). Ratoon crop yield of genotype IPB97-F-13-1-1, IPB 4S, and IPB 3S each was the highest in three locations. The ratoon crop contribution to the rice production was from 31.3% to 61.9% to the main crop.</p>

scholarly journals How Can We Realize Sustainable Development Goals in Rocky Desertified Regions by Enhancing Crop Yield with Reduction of Environmental Risks?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Boyi Liang ◽  
Timothy A. Quine ◽  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Elizabeth L. Cressey ◽  
Ian Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Development Goals

To meet the sustainable development goals in rocky desertified regions like Guizhou Province in China, we should maximize the crop yield with minimal environmental costs. In this study, we first calculated the yield gap for 6 main crop species in Guizhou Province and evaluated the quantitative relationships between crop yield and influencing variables utilizing ensembled artificial neural networks. We also tested the influence of adjusting the quantity of local fertilization and irrigation on crop production in Guizhou Province. Results showed that the total yield of the selected crops had, on average, reached over 72.5% of the theoretical maximum yield. Increasing irrigation tended to be more consistently effective at increasing crop yield than additional fertilization. Conversely, appropriate reduction of fertilization may even benefit crop yield in some regions, simultaneously resulting in significantly higher fertilization efficiency with lower residuals in the environment. The total positive impact of continuous intensification of irrigation and fertilization on most crop species was limited. Therefore, local stakeholders are advised to consider other agricultural management measures to improve crop yield in this region.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Climate Changes on Crop Yield: Irrigated vs. Non-Irrigated Zones in Mississippi

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Sadia Alam Shammi ◽  
Qingmin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Climate change and its impact on agriculture are challenging issues regarding food production and food security. Many researchers have been trying to show the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on agriculture using different methods. In this study, we used linear regression models to assess the impact of climate on crop yield spatially and temporally by managing irrigated and non-irrigated crop fields. The climate data used in this study are Tmax (maximum temperature), Tmean (mean temperature), Tmin (minimum temperature), precipitation, and soybean annual yields, at county scale for Mississippi, USA, from 1980 to 2019. We fit a series of linear models that were evaluated based on statistical measurements of adjusted R-square, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). According to the statistical model evaluation, the 1980–1992 model Y[Tmax,Tmin,Precipitation]92i (BIC = 120.2) for irrigated zones and the 1993–2002 model Y[Tmax,Tmean,Precipitation]02ni (BIC = 1128.9) for non-irrigated zones showed the best fit for the 10-year period of climatic impacts on crop yields. These models showed about 2 to 7% significant negative impact of Tmax increase on the crop yield for irrigated and non-irrigated regions. Besides, the models for different agricultural districts also explained the changes of Tmax, Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation in the irrigated (adjusted R-square: 13–28%) and non-irrigated zones (adjusted R-square: 8–73%). About 2–10% negative impact of Tmax was estimated across different agricultural districts, whereas about −2 to +17% impacts of precipitation were observed for different districts. The modeling of 40-year periods of the whole state of Mississippi estimated a negative impact of Tmax (about 2.7 to 8.34%) but a positive impact of Tmean (+8.9%) on crop yield during the crop growing season, for both irrigated and non-irrigated regions. Overall, we assessed that crop yields were negatively affected (about 2–8%) by the increase of Tmax during the growing season, for both irrigated and non-irrigated zones. Both positive and negative impacts on crop yields were observed for the increases of Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation, respectively, for irrigated and non-irrigated zones. This study showed the pattern and extent of Tmax, Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation and their impacts on soybean yield at local and regional scales. The methods and the models proposed in this study could be helpful to quantify the climate change impacts on crop yields by considering irrigation conditions for different regions and periods.

scholarly journals Performances of Sheet-Pipe Typed Subsurface Drainage on Land and Water Productivity of Paddy Fields in Indonesia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Chusnul Arif ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan ◽  
Satyanto Krido Saptomo ◽  
Hiroshi Matsuda ◽  
Koremasa Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Type System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Soil Aeration

Subsurface drainage technology may offer a useful option in improving crop productivity by preventing water-logging in poor drainage paddy fields. The present study compared two paddy fields with and without sheet-pipe type subsurface drainage on land and water productivities in Indonesia. Sheet-pipe typed is perforated plastic sheets with a hole diameter of 2 mm and made from high-density polyethylene. It is commonly installed 30–50 cm below the soil surface and placed horizontally by a machine called a mole drainer, and then the sheets will automatically be a capillary pipe. Two fields were prepared, i.e., the sheet-pipe typed field (SP field) and the non-sheet-pipe typed field (NSP field) with three rice varieties (Situ Bagendit, Inpari 6 Jete, and Inpari 43 Agritan). In both fields, weather parameters and water depth were measured by the automatic weather stations, soil moisture sensors and water level sensors. During one season, the SP field drained approximately 45% more water compared to the NSP field. Thus, it caused increasing in soil aeration and producing a more significant grain yield, particularly for Inpari 43 Agritan. The SP field produced a 5.77 ton/ha grain yield, while the NSP field was 5.09 ton/ha. By producing more grain yield, the SP field was more effective in water use as represented by higher water productivity by 20%. The results indicated that the sheet-pipe type system developed better soil aeration that provides better soil conditions for rice.

scholarly journals Correlations and path analysis for quantitative characteristics in semi-prostrate cowpea bean genotypes (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Hermes Araméndiz-Tatis ◽  
Miguel Espitia-Camacho ◽  
Carlos Cardona-Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Direct

The cowpea is the most important legume in the Colombian Caribbean, due to its positive impact on the food and nutritional security of low-income rural families. It is cultivated by small producers, but its yields per hectare do not exceed 600 kg, due to the use of obsolete cultivars. The objective of the research was to estimate the correlations between seven quantitative characters and the path analysis between grain yield and six quantitative characters, with the results of the evaluation of 10 genotypes of semi-prostrate growth habit, high grain yield, grown in eight environments of the humid and dry tropics of the Colombian Caribbean region, under the randomized complete blocks design, with four repetitions. Significant differences between environments, genotypes and genotype x environment interaction were detected. Genotypic correlations were of greater magnitude than phenotypic, highlighting the correlation between grain width (GW) and grain yield (GY), rP = 0.69 *, rG = 0.78 *, also between the weight of 100 seeds (100SW) and GW, rP = 0.97 **, rG = 0.99 **. The characters GW and number of pods per plant (NPP) had positive direct effects on the GY, with an indirect negative effect of NPP by way of GW, while the height of the first pod (HFP), the number of seeds per pod (NSP) and the 100SW directly and negatively influenced the GY of the 10 semi-prostrate cowpea cultivars.

scholarly journals Вплив біологізованої агротехнології вирощування тритикале озимого на елементи структури урожайності зерна

2013 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
П. В. Писаренко ◽  
В. В. Москалець ◽  
Т. З. Москалець ◽  
В. І. Москалець
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Microbial Agents

Досліджено чутливість генотипів тритикале озимого до дії мікробних препаратів альбобактерину і діазобактерину за елементами структури урожайності, в результаті чого сортовий набір цієї культури, який входив до дослідів, був диференційований за рівнем чутливості на дію біоаґентів конкретного препарату на: чутливі (на діазобактерин: «АД 256», «Славетне»; на альбобактерин: «Вівате Носівський», «Ягуар», «Августо», «Славетне»); помірно-чутливі (на діазобактерин: «Августо») та нечутливі (на діазобактерин: «Вівате Носівський», «Ягуар», «ДАУ 5»; на альбобактерин: «АД 256», «ДАУ 5»). Доведено здатність тритикале озимого сортів «АД 256», «Славетне» та «Вівате Носівський» під впливом мікробних препаратів забезпечувати на чорноземі типовому малоґумусному легкосуглинковому центрального Лісостепу України високу урожайність зерна (7–8 т/га) за рахунок збільшення кількості квіток із головного колосу, кількості зерен із головного колосу та рослини, маси зерен із головного колосу та рослини, маси 1000 зерен. Conducted a study on the sensitivity of winter triticale on the action of microbiological preparations albobakterin and diazobakterin when considering the elements of the structure of grain yield. It is established that the use of microbial preparations in on winter triticale allowed to differentiate varietal composition of the this culture in terms of sensitivity to the action of microorganisms: sensitive (on diazobakterin: «Аmphidiploids 256», «Slavetne»; on albobakterin: «Vivate Nosivsky», «Jaguar», «Augusto», «Slavetne»), moderately sensitive (on diazobakterin: «Augusto») and insensitive (on diazobakterin: «Vivate Nosivsky», «Jaguar», «DAU 5»; on albobakterin: «Аmphidiploids 256», «DAU 5»), depending on the actions of certain biological preparations for a specific grade. Proved that triticale varieties «AD 256», «Slavetne» and «Vіvate Nosіvsky» under the influence of microbial agents to provide high grain yield 7–8t/ha by increasing the number of flowers from the main ears of corn, of grains from the main ear of corn and weight of grains from the main spike and plant weight of 1000 gm.

scholarly journals Evaluation of new promising varieties of soft winter wheat breeding NSC "Institute of agriculture NAAS" for valuable economic traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Golodna ◽  
◽  
L. Holyk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
High Yields

Winter soft wheat is one of the most important crops. New varieties of wheat should be characterized by a set of valuable economic characteristics, but the most relevant is the creation of varieties with high yields and grain quality, resistant to a complex of diseases and other negative factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate new promising varieties of winter soft wheat breeding of the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" for grain yield, winter hardiness, disease resistance and grain quality. Experimental studies were conducted at the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" in 2016-2020, research fields are located in the Fastiv district of Kyiv region. Different weather conditions over the years of research have contributed to a better and more comprehensive assessment of varieties on a set of valuable economic characteristics. During field experiments, the generally accepted technology of growing winter wheat was used. The area of the competitive variety testing site was 20.0 m2, repeated four times. Field, measuring and weighing, laboratory and mathematical and statistical methods were used during the research. In 2018, new varieties of soft winter wheat Krasunia Poliska, Mokosha, Pyriatynka, Fortetsia Poliska, Efektna and in 2020 the variety Zemlerob were transferred to the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Variety Examination for qualification examination. Varieties created in NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" by the method of hybridization using as parent components varieties and lines of local and foreign breeding. The variety Krasunia Poliska, belongs to the Lutescens type, is characterized by high drought resistance, resistance to lodging, germination on stumps, grain shedding. The Mokosha variety, belongs to the Lutescens type, has high drought resistance, is resistant to lodging, germination on stumps and grain shedding. Variety Pyriatynka, belongs to the Lutescens type, has high drought resistance, resistance to lodging, germination on the stump, shedding. Fortetsia Poliska, belongs to the Alborbrum type, is characterized by high drought resistance, resistance to lodging, germination on the stump and shedding of grain. Variety Efektna, belongs to the Erythrospermum type, is short (plant height 64-80 cm), characterized by high drought resistance, resistance to lodging, germination on the stump, shedding. The variety of winter soft wheat Zemlerob, belongs to the Lutescens type, has high drought resistance, resistant to lodging, germination on the stump, shedding of grain. The highest grain yield on average over the years of testing was obtained in the variety Fortetsia Poliska - 7.31 t / ha, varieties Pyriyatynka and Zemlerob with indicators of 7.10 and 7.06 t / ha, respectively, were distinguished by high yields. The yields of Mokosha, Effektna and Krasunia Poliska ranged from 6.27 to 6.95 t / ha. According to the increased winter hardiness, the best varieties are Pyriatynka, Krasunia Poliska, Mokosha and Efektna with a score of 8.0-8.2 points. In the varieties Fortetsia Poliska and Zemlerob the score for winter hardiness was 7.8-7.9 points. Estimation of powdery mildew showed that the maximum percentage of lesions on average over the years of research was found in the variety Mokosha (25.5%). As the most stable selected varieties Efektna, Lisova pisnia, Pyriatynka and Fortetsia Poliska (1.7-11.6%). In terms of resistance to brown rust, all varieties showed high resistance, the damage did not exceed 8.0%. The most stable variety was Efektna (0.3%). The greatest damage to winter wheat varieties was found in leaf septoria, which ranged from 19.0 to 39.3%. The greatest resistance to this disease is determined in the cultivar Zemlerob. New wheat varieties should also be characterized by high levels of protein, gluten and other valuable traits that ensure grain quality. The highest protein content was determined in the grains of the varieties Efektna (11.67%), Mokosha (11.62%) and Krasuni Poliska (11.54%). According to the increased content of gluten, the varieties Krasunia Poliska, Lisova pisnia, Mokosha (19.22-19.66%) were distinguished. According to the highest indicators of sedimentation, the varieties Krasunia Poliska, Pyriatynka and Mokosha (34.50-34.84 %) should be noted, these varieties are also the best in terms of a comprehensive assessment of grain quality. New varieties of soft winter wheat Krasunia Poliska, Mokosha, Pyryatynka, Fortetsia Poliska, Efektna and Zemlerob breedibg of NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" are characterized by high grain yield (up to 7.31 t / ha), increased winter hardiness and disease resistance, as well as good indicators of grain quality: protein content - up to 11.67%; gluten - up to 19.66%. The introduction of these varieties into production will allow to obtain high yields of quality grain.

Effect of pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs, PGRs and Nutrients on Growth, Yield and Economics of Irrigated Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ajaykumar ◽  
S. Selvakumar ◽  
K. Harishankar ◽  
K. Sivasabari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is one of the most important cultivated legume crops with high nutritive value and agricultural importance. The productivity of blackgram is not adequate to meet the domestic demand of the growing Indian population. Consequently, there is an urgent need for enhancement of productivity through proper agronomic practices. With this background, a research experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field at Pudhupalayam, Coimbatore to investigate the effect of foliar application of PPFM, plant growth regulating compounds and nutrients on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of irrigated blackgram. Methods: A field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications during 2019 (kharif and rabi) season. The treatments include 100% recommended dose of NPK along with foliar application of diammonium phosphate (DAP), brassinolide (Br), salicylic acid (SA) and pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) with different concentration (1%, 2%, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, respectively) in addition to control. PPFM and PGRs were sprayed at 30 and 45 days after the sowing of blackgram. Result: The experiment results of the two seasons study revealed that the application of 100% RDF + PPFM @ 2% recorded higher growth characters viz., plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, leaf area index and yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, pod weight (g), pod height (cm), 100 seed weight (g) and yield viz., grain yield (kg/ha), straw yield (kg/ha) and harvest index (%). As well as the same treatment recorded higher net return and B:C ratio. Correlation and regression analysis also indicated that the yield attributes had a positive impact on the grain yield with a magnitude of 1.91 and 1.67, respectively. Therefore, application of 100% RDF+2% PPFM spray can be recommended as the best technology to improve the yield and economics of blackgram.

scholarly journals Optimizing Genetic Parameters of CSM-CERES Wheat and CSM-CERES Maize for Durum Wheat, Common Wheat, and Maize in Italy

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Mereu ◽  
Gallo ◽  
Spano
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Management Options

The expected increase in population and the pressure posed by climate change on agricultural production require the assessment of future yield levels and the evaluation of the most suitable management options to minimize climate risk and promote sustainable agricultural production. Crop simulation models are widely applied tools to predict crop development and production under different management practices and environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to parameterize CSM-CERES-Wheat and CSM-CERES-Maize models, implemented in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) software, to predict phenology and grain yield of durum wheat, common wheat, and maize in different Italian environments. A 10-year (2001–2010) dataset was used to optimize the genetic parameters for selected varieties of each species and to evaluate the models considering several statistical indexes. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation method, and trial and error approach were used to optimize the cultivar-specific parameters of these models. Results show good model performances in reproducing crop phenology and yield for the analyzed crops, especially with the parameters optimized with the trial and error procedure. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) correlations between observed and simulated data were found for both anthesis and yield in model calibration and evaluation (p ≤ 0.01 for grain yield of maize in model evaluation). Root mean square error (RMSE) values range from six to nine days for anthesis and from 1.1 to 1.7 t ha-1 for crop yield and index of agreement (d-index) from 0.96 to 0.98 for anthesis and from 0.8 to 0.87 for crop yield. The set of genetic parameters obtained for durum wheat, common wheat, and maize may be applied in further analyses at field, regional, and national scales to guide operational (farmers), strategic, and tactical (policy makers) decisions.

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