scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatment on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Croton gratissimus and Xylopiaaethiopica Spices: تأثير الحرارة على نشاط مضادات الأكسدة والنمو الميكروبي في بهارات الكومبا وأم غليلة

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afraa Awadallah Ahamed, Yassir Salah Ibrahim Adam, Amna Mokh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Cooked Food ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Background and objective Croton gratissimus and Xylopiaaethiopicaare tropical African shrubs or small tree with corky bark. It is traditionally used as a febrifuge, styptic, cathartic and is medic for dropsy. This study was designed to determine antioxidant, antimicrobial and toxicity of local spices Crotongratissimus (A), Xylopiaaethiopica (B) and measure effect of heat process on their characteristics of antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity. Materials and methods Samples were purchased from JubelAulia and Klakla Al Lafa Markets, Sudan and prepared samples for analysis in three replicates. All samples were extracted by ethanol (80%) A Crotongratissimus and B Xylopiaaethiopica and extract treated by heat treatment (80°C) C Crotongratissimus and D Xylopiaaethiopica. Antioxidant activity was determined by using (DPPH) detector. Results: There were found the extracts with and without heat treatment (A, B, C and D) were grading from highest to lowest, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of (Croton gratissimus, Xylopiaaethiopica) extracts were determined against Bacillssubtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Toxicity of extracts (Croton gratissimus, Xylopiaaethiopica) was determined for edible matter by using (MTT) assay method, and there were no toxic in both of them. Conclusion: African spices (Croton gratissimus, Xylopiaaethiopica) exhibited the highest antimicrobial, antioxidant activities without any toxicity even in cooked food products.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF COCOA POD THAT ASSOCIATED IN MALTODEXTRIN IN VARIOUS CONCENTRATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Asriani Hasanuddin ◽  
Chairil Anwar ◽  
Marhawati Mappatoba ◽  
Hafsah Hafsah
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Peel Extract

Cocoa pod extract ((Theobroma cacao L.) has antioxidant and antimicrobial activity that has the potential as a natural food preservative. However, in its use the cocoa fruit skin extract has a disadvantage because the short shelf time and its application to food are limited, efforts are needed to prevent damage and extend shelf life, one of the efforts that can be done is by encapsulating the extract.This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity and antioxidant encapsulation of cocoa peel extract, this study begins with the extraction of cocoa pods with ethanol solvent by comparing cocoa pods : solvent 1: 4 The skin of cacao cocoa fruit used is yellow harvested cocoa fruit, then chopped and dried to form flour.The sample is extracted by maceration with ethanol solvent Antioxidant test is done by DPPH method, while antibacterial test is carried out by the well diffusion method. This study used a completely randomized design method (CRD) with 5 treatments using a maltodextrin concentration of 20% (M1); 30% (M2); 40% (M3); 50% (M4) and 60% (M5). The results showed that the treatment gave the highest yield in the treatment of 60% maltodextrin concentration (M5), while the highest antioxidant activity was obtained in the treatment of 20% maltodextrin (M1) with IC50 75.98 µg / mL and the treatment with the lowest antioxidant activity was obtained at treatment of 60% maltodextrin concentration (M5) with IC50 value 114.89 µg / mL. While for the antimicrobial activity also obtained with the same results, namely treatment of 20% (M1) obtained a higher inhibition diameter compared to treatment at 30%; 40%; 50% and 60% for all types of bacteria. The inhibition diameter in the treatment of the concentration of maltodextrin 20% (M1) for E. coli bacteria is between 4.12 mm - 10.95 mm, Salmonella sp is 2.85 mm - 8 , 25 mm and for Staphylococcusaureus of 5.15 mm - 13.90 mm and the lowest inhibition diameter was obtained in the treatment of 60% maltodextrin concentration (M5) for E. coli bacteria of between 2.0 mm - 4.79 mm, Salmonella sp of 1.15 mm - 4.35 mm and for Staphylococcusaureusat 2.76 mm - 5.17 mm.This study concluded that the encapsulation of cocoa peel extract using 20% maltodextrin had the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity when compared with other treatments namely 30% concentration; 40%; 50% and 60% but for the treatment of 20% and 30% there is no difference. Ethanol extract of cocoa pods can be made in the form of encapsulates which are very likely to be used as natural preservatives.

scholarly journals Study of white frangipani flower and bitter grape stem ethanol extract combination on antibacterial and antioxidant activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
KRISHNA PURNAWAN CANDRA ◽  
WIJAYANTI KUSUMA WARDHANI ◽  
ANTON RAHMADI ◽  
MIFTAKHUR ROHMAH Rohmah ◽  
YULIANI YULIANI
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Inhibition Index

Frangipani flower (Plumeria acuminata) and bitter grape (Tinospora crispa L. Miers) stem extract alone shows antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, there is a limited report about the actions from the combination of both extracts. Combinations of ethanol extract of white frangipani flower (EFF) and ethanol extract of the bitter grape stem (EBS), each of 0, 1, 2, and 3% were tested for inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus growth and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals. A yield of 3.17 and 2.62 g of EFF and EBS, respectively, were resulted from 100 g of dried powdered of the white frangipani flower and bitter grape stem using 200 mL of absolute ethanol. The antimicrobial test was assayed using a 10% stock solution of extract diluted in water. The combination of EFF and EBS showed a synergistic effect on antimicrobial activity, but it proved an antagonistic effect on antioxidant activity. The combination of EFF 3% and EBS 3% showed the highest inhibition index on the S. aureus growth , i.e. 2.02±0.06, which is higher than the inhibition index of Amoxycillin 2%, i.e. 1.85±0.09. The highest antioxidant activity showed by 1% EFF alone (57.5 ± 0.60%), while the lowest was from the combination of EFF 1% and EBS 3% (23.4±0.30%).  

scholarly journals Potential Antibacterial Activity of Two Important Local Chewing Sticks “Fagara zanthoxyloides and Distemonanthus benthamianus” along with Antioxidant Capacities

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
AO Shittu ◽  
A Aliyu ◽  
MS David ◽  
NS Njinga ◽  
HI Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Chewing Sticks

In order to authenticate and ascertain the various claim by the rural dwellers that depend on chewing sticks for their oral hygiene and protection against innumerable diseases, the antibacterial activity of the roots of Fagara zanthoxyloides and Distemonanthus benthamianus were evaluated. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. In-vitro antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts of both plants was also carried out using the agar well diffusion method against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhii ATCC 14028, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090 and also some clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis at different concentrations and ratios. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the extracts contained alkaloids, saponin, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and phenol. All the test microorganisms were susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the extracts at concentrations of 200 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml. F. zanthoxyloides had better antimicrobial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 21.0 to 26.0 mm at 200 mg/ml and 24.3 to 29.3 mm at 500 mg/ml while D. benthamianus had zones of inhibition ranging from 17.7 to 26.7 mm at 200 mg/mL and 19.0 to 26.7 mm at 500 mg/mL. Some of the test microorganisms were resistant to the standard antibiotics (cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin). Combinations of the extracts in ratios 50:50 and 75:25 yielded no increase in activity. The MIC and MBC for D. benthamianus ranged from 6.25 mg/ml to 100 mg/mL and 25 to 200 mg/ml, respectively while that of F. zanthoxyloides ranged from 1.56 mg/ml to 12.5 mg/mL and 50 to 200 mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity demonstrated by F. zanthoxyloides and D. benthamianus indicates that they would be valuable in the management of urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts infections while at the same time helping to mitigate the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Phenolic compounds of plants, among them flavonoids are the chief constituents, which have potent antioxidant activities Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 223-232, 2019 (December)

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds and In Vitro Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Three Tropic Fruits: Persimmon, Guava, and Sweetsop

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Fu ◽  
WenQing Lu ◽  
XiaoMin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Phenolic Contents

In our previous study, we have found that persimmon, guava, and sweetsop owned considerably high antioxidant activity and contained high total phenolic contents as well. In order to further supply information on the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of these three tropic fruits, they were extracted by 80% methanol. We then examined the extractions about their phenolic compounds and also studied the extractions and phenolic contents about their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against twelve targeted pathogens including 8 standard strains (Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Monilia albican,Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium,Shigella flexneri, andPseudomonas aeruginosa) and 4 multidrug-resistant strains (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ESBLs-producingEscherichia coli, carbapenems-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa, and multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii), which are common and comprehensive in clinic. We also employed two ways, that is, FRAP and TEAC, to evaluate their antioxidant activities, using ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer. Our study indicated that the three tropical fruits possessed obvious antioxidant and antibacterial activity, which supported the possibility of developing the fruits into new natural resource food and functional food as well as new natural antimicrobial agent and food preservatives. Moreover, phenolic compounds detected in the fruits could be used as a potential natural antibacterial agent and antioxidant.

scholarly journals EKSTRAKSI DAN PENGAMATAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIMIKROBA DARI KULIT BUAH POMETIA PINNATA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransisca C. Faustina ◽  
Filiana Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Crude Extracts

<p align="justify">Studi ini meneliti ekstraksi kulit buah matoa (Pometia pinnata), buah dari famili Sapindaceae. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi menggunakan 3 pelarut: aseton, etanol dan akuades. Ekstrak tersebut kemudian dievaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan antimikrobanya. Tes antimikroba menggunakan tes difusi lempeng dan difusi cairan. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dihasilkan oleh ekstrak aseton dengan nilai IC50 15.323 ppm, kemudian ekstrak etanol 143.23 ppm dan 451.306 ppm. Aktivitas antioksidan dari ketiga ekstrak tersebut dibandingkan dengan aktivitas antioksidan dari asam askorbat dan ekstrak aseton menunjukkan kekuatan antioksidan setara dengan 50% dari kekuatan antioksidan dari asam askorbat. Aktivitas anti mikroba dievaluasi terhadap Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa semua ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antimikroba dengan karakter bakteriostatis. Karena itu nilai NIC (Non-inhibitory Concentration) ditetapkan untuk semua ekstrak. Aktivitas tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak aseton dan etanol dengan NIC &lt;0.5 ppm terhadapsemua bakteri tes, sementara aktivitas terlemah ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak akuades dengan NIC 5 ppm. Pengukuran kadar fenolik dari semua ekstrak dilakukan dengan tes Folin-Ciocalteau, dan ditemukan adanya korelasi positif antara kadar fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan dari semua ekstrak. Analisa komponen dengan tes tannin, saponin dan spektrometri juga dilakukan dan hasil menunjukkan adanya kandungan tannin, saponin dan alkaloid di dalam kulit buah matoa.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci :</strong>Matoa, Pometia pinnata, Ekstraksi, Antimikroba, Antioksidan</p><hr /><p align="center"><strong>English Version Abstract</strong></p><p align="justify">This study investigated the extraction of matoa (Pometia pinnata) fruit peels, a fruit in the family of Sapindaceae. The extraction was performed through maceration method using three kinds of solvent: acetone, ethanol and water. The extracts were tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. DPPH radical scavenging assay was used in evaluating the antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc-diffusion and broth dilution method. The highest antioxidant activity was showed by acetone crude extract with IC50 value at 15.323 ppm, followed by ethanol and water crude extract at 143.23 ppm and 451.306 ppm, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts were compared to L-ascorbic acid and it was found that acetone crude extract exhibited half the strength of the antioxidant activity of L-ascorbic acid. Antimicrobial activity of matoa fruit peel extracts were tested against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that all crude extracts showed antimicrobial activity with bacteriostatic characteristic. Therefore, Non-Inhibitory Concentration (NIC) was determined for all crude extracts. Acetone and ethanol crude extract possessed the strongest antimicrobial activity at NIC &lt;0.5 ppm against all tested microorganisms, while water crude extract showed the weakest antimicrobial activity with NIC at 5 ppm. The total phenolic content of the crude extracts were measured using Folin-Ciocalteau method. Positive correlation between the antioxidant activities and the total phenolic content of the crude extracts was detected. Saponin and tannin test, as well as spectrometric analyses supported the presence of saponin, tannin and alkaloid in matoa fruit peel.</p><p><strong>Keywords :</strong>Matoa, Pometiapinnata, Extraction, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of three types of benzoin resin

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Zineb Hacini ◽  
Fatima Khedja ◽  
Ibrahim Habib ◽  
Zaouia Kendour ◽  
Zineb Debba
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Resin Extract ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The benzoin resin is used extensively in traditional medicine for its many reported therapeutic properties. The essential oils of three different types of benzoin resin were extracted using the traditional method in this study. The yield of essential oils of the white, red and gray types of resin was 1.01, 0.92 and 0.54%, respectively. The obtained extracts were tested against two types of pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The tests showed that essential oil of gray type resin is effective against both Escherichia coli (14 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (11 mm). The antioxidant activity has been also evaluated to compare the efficiency of different type of resin with DPPH· assay. In the DPPH· system, the antioxidant activity of the red resin extract (0.01 μg/mL) was superior to that of the white (27.32 μg/mL) and gray (42.90 μg/mL) extracts, with IC50 values, respectively.

Phytochemical Profile, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Cistus clusii Essential oil From Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Souad Khebri ◽  
Naima Benkiki ◽  
Mouloud Yahia ◽  
Hamada Haba
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Β Carotene

Objective: In this work, we investigated the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Algerian Cistus clusii Dunal essential oil. Methods: Cistus clusii essential oil has been extracted using hydrodistillation method and characterized by GC/MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two different methods DPPH free radical scavenging, and β-carotene bleaching test. The antimicrobial activity was carried out using disc diffusion method against reference strains; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27865), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), clinical bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal (Candida albicans) isolates. Results: The chemical profile of the oil showed 31 compounds. This profile was dominated by the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons (78.4%), oxygenated derivatives (18.8%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as minor constituents of this essential oil (1.9%). The major constituents were Camphene (20.6%), γ-Terpinene (16.5%), Sabinene (12.8%), and Terpineol-4 (13.5%). Other compounds were found in moderately good amounts like α-Terpinene (8.9%), α-Thujene (5.9%), α-Pinene (4.2%), and α- Terpinolene (3.1%). The results of the antimicrobial activity showed that the highest activity was observed against C. albicans and it was higher than positive control Fluconazole. The essential oil exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, especially in the β-carotene system. Conclusion: This study indicates that Cistus clusii essential oil showed potent antioxidant and moderate antimicrobial activities which could be used to explain the use of this species in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Pigmen Klorofil Rumput Laut Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J.Agardh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Lisiard Dimara ◽  
Tien Y.B Yenusi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigment ◽  
Paper Disc

The determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Chlorophyll pigment of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J.Agardh is described in this study. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of chlorophyll extract in inhibiting growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Paper disc method was used to study the hampering the ability of chlorophyll toward both bacteria, and the DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-dipikrilhidrazil) method was used to find out the antioxidant activity. The result showed that extract chlorophyll can inhibit the growth of both bacteria at the concentration of 100% with the inhibition diameter zone 2.170 cm and 2.100 cm respectively. Whereas the IC50 of the chlorophyll is 2350.3 ppm can be served as an antioxidants.   Key words: antibacterial, antioxidants, chlorophyll, Caulerparacemosa (Forsskål) J.Agardh.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the extracts from Origanum vulgare L. growing wild in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Renata Bešta-Gajević ◽  
Erna Karalija ◽  
Anesa Jerković-Mujkić ◽  
Dženana Karadža ◽  
Lejla Smajlović-Skenderagić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Gram Negative

Antifungal, antimicrobial, insecticidal and antioxidant activities of Origanum vulgare L. provide the basis for suggesting that oregano plant extracts may be useful for prevention and treatment of many infection. The main goal of this study was to determine antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts from the leaves and flowers of Origanum vulgare. Antimicrobial testing of plant extracts was done using well diffusion method. Activity of extracts were tested against Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and five Gram-negative bacteria: Salmonella abony ATCC 6017, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ATCC 31194, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and fungi Candida albicans ATCC 1023. Antibiotics ampicillin, streptomycin and antimycotic nystatin were used as positive controle. The antioxidant activity was determined by using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The highest values for inhibition zone for methanolic and aqueous extracts were recorded for Gram positive Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. Methanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against tested Gram negative bacteria in variable degree while the growth of these bacteria was not inhibited by aqueous extracts. Tested fungi Candida albicans was not susceptible to investigated oregano extracts. All the extracts showed moderate to potent antioxidant activity, among which the methanolic flower extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 0.205 mg/mL. Therefore it can be concluded that flower and leaf oregano extracts have great antibacterial and antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Potentials of Agave americana

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Binayak Raj Pandey ◽  
Angela Shrestha ◽  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Bhupal Govinda Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Agave Americana ◽  
Mcf 7

Ethnomedicinal plants are being used as a source of medicine from ancient time but they lack the proof of modern scientific evidence for their effectiveness. This study focuses on the evaluation of phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties of one of the ethnomedicinal plant Agave americana from Dhulikhel region of Nepal. The plant extract was prepared using solvent-based warm soxhlet extraction from the leaves of the plant and antimicrobial activity against six different non-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Salmonella paratyphi) was evaluated using agar disc diffusion method along with qualitative analysis for presence/absence of phytochemicals. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cancer cell. Presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugars and saponins were detected in the plant extract. The extract was found to show some level of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis at 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml. The IC50 value of the extract was found to be 7.68 μg/ml. The extracts of Agave americana showed 50 % cell-death of MCF-7 in 12 h at 5 μg/ml. Although this study provided some scientific evidence for the medicinal value of Agave americana, further studies are still needed for the detailed evaluations of every molecule present in this plant along with screening in larger geographical area of Nepal.

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