scholarly journals Thyroid Ultrasound Findings and Its Associated Parameters in Saudi People

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mogahed MM ◽  
◽  
El-Awady MA ◽  
Samih TA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

Background: Thyroid abnormalities are the most common endocrine abnormalities in Saudi Arabia (KSA). Ultrasonography (USG) is the commonest method of thyroid gland imaging. Thyroid lesions prevalence depends on factors such as sex, age, iodine intake, and other metabolic parameters. Objectives: Investigating different thyroid lesions and their associated clinical parameters. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of adult residents who visited Internal Medicine Clinic in Riyadh, KSA. 206 participants were subjected to thyroid USG, weight and height measurement, laboratory investigations including FBG, HbA1C, ALT, AST, creatinine, uric acid, lipid profile, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and FT4. Results: Thyroid nodules were found in 27.2%, 30.1% had thyroiditis, and 6.8% had pure cysts. There was a significant prevalence of thyroid ultrasound findings within different age groups, (P = 0.002). The highest BMI was found in subjects with nodular size ≤1cm. Subjects with thyroid nodules had higher level of FBG, HbA1c, ALT, AST, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and TSH. The most frequent thyroid status was euthyroid, followed by subclinical hypothyroidism which had higher frequency in subjects with nodular size ≤1cm (30.8%). Conclusion: Imaging, particularly USG, plays an important role in classifying thyroid gland abnormalities. We found that thyroid lesions, including nodules, pure cysts, and thyroiditis, were non-significantly positively associated with disturbed metabolic profile such as high FBS, HBA1C, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. Our results for biochemical parameters do not allow inferences on whether they are independent factors associated with thyroid lesions or not.

Infants Diagnosed with Athyreosis on Scintigraphy May Have a Gland Present on Ultrasound and Have Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Niamh McGrath ◽  
Colin Patrick Hawkes ◽  
Stephanie Ryan ◽  
Philip Mayne ◽  
Nuala Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Rule Out

Scintigraphy using technetium-99m (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) is the gold standard for imaging the thyroid gland in infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) and is the most reliable method of diagnosing an ectopic thyroid gland. One of the limitations of scintigraphy is the possibility that no uptake is detected despite the presence of thyroid tissue, leading to the spurious diagnosis of athyreosis. Thyroid ultrasound is a useful adjunct to detect thyroid tissue in the absence of <sup>99m</sup>Tc uptake. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> We aimed to describe the incidence of sonographically detectable in situ thyroid glands in infants scintigraphically diagnosed with athyreosis using <sup>99m</sup>Tc and to describe the clinical characteristics and natural history in these infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The newborn screening records of all infants diagnosed with CHT between 2007 and 2016 were reviewed. Those diagnosed with CHT and athyreosis confirmed on scintigraphy were invited to attend a thyroid ultrasound. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 488 infants diagnosed with CHT during the study period, 18/73 (24.6%) infants with absent uptake on scintigraphy had thyroid tissue visualised on ultrasound (3 hypoplastic thyroid glands and 15 eutopic glands). The median serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration at diagnosis was significantly lower than that in infants with confirmed athyreosis (no gland on ultrasound and no uptake on scintigraphy) (74 vs. 270 mU/L), and median free T4 concentration at diagnosis was higher (11.9 vs. 3.9 pmol/L). Six of 10 (60%) infants with no uptake on scintigraphy but a eutopic gland on ultrasound had transient CHT. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Absent uptake on scintigraphy in infants with CHT does not rule out a eutopic gland, especially in infants with less elevated TSH concentrations. Clinically, adding thyroid ultrasound to the diagnostic evaluation of infants who have athyreosis on scintigraphy may avoid committing some infants with presumed athyreosis to lifelong levothyroxine treatment.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study to compare the biochemical parameters in low normal versus high normal plasma glucose levels in euglycemic individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Jhavar ◽  
Neha Kirti ◽  
Sumit Kumar Vishwakarma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Chandra ◽  
Vinod Verma
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Since a long time ago, the experts have realized that determination of cut-off point for diagnosing diabetes will be revised over time with the lower blood glucose level as the more sensitive diagnosis for detecting the occurring complication and biochemical changes.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of medicine, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital Indore from July, 2016 to August, 2017 in 200 individuals and patients having euglycemic status attending General Medicine OPD.Results: In the low and high normal group 2 (2.0%) and 8 (8.0%) were having abnormal total cholesterol (TC) level respectively. The mean total cholesterol in the low normal group was 117.16±26.94mg/dl and it was 154.74±28.38mg/dl in the high normal group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.000). In the low and high normal group, 4 (4.0%) and 17 (17.0%) were having abnormal triglyceride (TG) levels respectively. The mean TG levels in the low and high normal group were 96.93±22.64mg/dl and 110.55±32.37mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.001). In the low and high normal group, 6 (6.0%) and 14 (14.0%) patient was having abnormal uric acid levels respectively. The mean uric acid levels in the low and high normal group was 4.88±1.10mg/dl and 5.31±1.31mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.013).Conclusions: Higher levels of Cholesterol and Triglycerides were found more commonly in high normal euglycemic group compared to low normal euglycemic group. Mean cholesterol and mean triglyceride levels were higher in high normal euglycemic group.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN TSH, T3, T4 AND HISTOLOGICAL TYPES OF THYROID CARCINOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Fitriyani ◽  
T. Ibnu Alferraly ◽  
Lidya Imelda Laksmi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Thyroid carcinoma is a malignancy of the thyroid gland derived from follicular or parafollicular cells. Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine gland malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all malignancies. Thyroid carcinoma ranked ninth of 10 most common carcinomas in Indonesia. It may occur at any age but is usually diagnosed between the 3rd and 6th decade. The incidence is three or four times higher in females than in males. Based on histological features thyroid carcinoma is classified into four major types: papillary, follicular, anaplastic and medullary carcinoma. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) are thyroid gland hormones. Low T3 and T4 accompanied with high TSH levels are associated with malignancy in thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to determine the correlation between TSH, T3, T4 hormone levels, and histological type of thyroid carcinoma at the Adam Malik Hospital Medan between 2013 and 2015. The study was a cross-sectional analytical study. The sample was be obtained using consecutive sampling method. Data were collected from medical records of thyroid carcinoma patients that had undergone pathological examination and thyroid function test at the Adam Malik Hospital Medan between 2013 and 2015. Based on the Chi-Square analysis, there was a significant difference between T3 hormone level with the histopathological type of thyroid carcinoma (p<0.001), however it did not apply to the level of T4 (p = 0.120) and TSH (p = 0.328).

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PROFIL LIPID DAN KADAR ASAM URAT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II DENGAN DAN TANPA HIPERTENSI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Filliana Savitri ◽  
Intani Kurnia Savitri ◽  
Pugud Samodro ◽  
Lantip Rujito
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital District ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is the 7th world of death problem with the 95% proportion rate. Hypertension has also a correlation with this condition. The mortality of cardiovascular is 2-3 times over from diabetics with hypertension than diabetics with normotension which caused by lipid and aciduric disturbations. This study was conducted using cross-sectional design. Twenty-five sample of diabetics normotension and 25 sample of diabetics patient along with hypertension in Ajibarang Hospital District Banyumas and comply with inclusion-exclusion criteria were taken suing consecutive sampling. Data from the cholesterol and triglyceride total test were collected and analyzed with Mann-Whitney test. Additionally, HDL cholesterol and LDL was analyzed using T-Test.  This Study showed that average total cholesterol from diabetics along with hypertension patients was in a range of 185.16 ± 36.59 and Diabetics patient without hypertension was 196.76 ± 44.62 (p = 0,503). Besides, the average rate of triglyceride level on diabetics patient with hypertension was 181.76 ±72.68 and diabetics patient along without hypertension was 180.28 ± 125.75 (p=0,367). The average rate of HDL cholesterol level on diabetics patient with hypertension was 39.12 ± 11.07 and diabetics patient along without hypertension was 42.37 ± 14.98  (p = 0,387). In addition, Average rate of LDL level on diabetics patient with hypertension was 112.57 ± 24.77 and diabetics patient along without hypertension was 118.33 ± 37.41 (p = 0,524). The average rate of uric acid on diabetics patient with hypertension was  6,120 ± 1,45 and diabetics patient along without hypertension was 5,768 ± 2,45 (p=0,200).  As a conclusion, there is no difference with total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL cholesterol, and uric acid significant from diabetics patient with or without hypertension in Ajibarang Hospital District Banyumas in 2016.

Giá trị của siêu âm sử dụng bảng phân loại ACR - TIRADS 2017 trong chẩn đoán nhân giáp

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Huy Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Classification Score

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Bệnh lý nhân giáp là một bệnh lý phổ biến, đặc biệt là ở phụ nữ và người lớn tuổi. Siêu âm tuyến giáp, được xem như là một phương tiện đầu tay, là phương pháp chẩn đoán hình ảnh có những khả năng vượt trội như tương đối đơn giản, rẻ tiền, không xâm lấn, có thể lặp lại nhiều lần để chẩn đoán bệnh, và có khả năng phát hiện được những tổn thương rất nhỏ. Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định xác giá trị của siêu âm sử dụng bảng phân loại ACR-TIRADS 2017 trong chẩn đoán nhân giáp. Phương pháp: Thiết kế nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, với cỡ mẫu 169 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật nhân giáp. Trước phẫu thuật, bệnh nhân được siêu âm tuyến giáp bằng máy GE (LOGIQ S7 Pro, LOGIQ E9 …) với đầu dò linear tần số 7,5 - 12 MHz. Kết quả siêu âm bảng phân loại TI-RADS theo ACR 2017 so sánh với tiêu chuẩn vàng là kết quả giải phẫu bệnh. Kết quả: Siêu âm áp dụng bảng phân loại ACR-TIRADS 2017 trong phân biệt nhân giáp lành tính và ác tính: Độ nhạy 97,9%, độ đặc hiệu 82,6%, giá trị tiên đoán dương 95,8%, giá trị tiên đoán âm 90,5%, và độ chính xác 94,9%. Diện tích dưới đường cong ROC (AUC) của phân loại ACR-TIRADS trong chẩn đoán nhân giáp ác tính là bằng 0,953 (p < 0,001). Điểm cắt (cut - off) được chọn là TIRADS 4. Diện tích dưới đường cong ROC (AUC) của điểm số của hạt giáp theo phân loại ACR- là 0,967 (p < 0,001). Điểm cắt (cut - off) được chọn là 5 điểm. Kết luận: Siêu âm áp dụng bảng phân loại ACR-TIRADS 2017 có giá trị trong chẩn đoán phân biệt nhân giáp lành tính và ác tính với độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu cao. ABSTRACT THE USE OF THYROIDULTRASOUND WITH ACR - TIRADS 2017 CLASSIFICATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID NODULES Backgrounds: Thyroid disease is very common, especially in women and the elderly. Thyroid ultrasound, as a first - line tool, is an imaging modality with outstanding capabilities such as being relatively simple, inexpensive, non - invasive, and repeatable for diagnosis of thyroid diseases, and can detect very small lesions. This study aims to determine the use of thyroid ultrasound with ACR-TIRADS 2017 classification in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Methods: A cross - sectional descriptive study was conducted in 169 patients undergoing thyroidectomy. All patients had been preoperatively performed thyroid ultrasound using a GE machine (LOGIQ S7 Pro, LOGIQ E9 ...) with a linear transducer frequency of 7.5 - 12 MHz. The ultrasound results using the 2017 ACR-TIRADS classification compared with pathological findings as the gold standard diagnostics. Results: Thyroid ultrasound using the 2017 ACR-TIRADS classification could distinguish benign and malignant thyroid nodules with the sensitivity of 97.9%, specificity 82.6%, positive predictive value 95.8%, negative predictive value 90.5%, and accuracy of 94.9%. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the ACRTIRADS classification in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules was 0.953 (p < 0.001). The cut - off point was selected as TIRADS 4. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the ACR - classification score of the armor particles was 0.967 (p < 0.001). The cut - off point is selected as 5 points. Conclusion: Thyroid ultrasound using the 2017 ACR-TIRADS classification is valuable in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with high sensitivity and specificity. Keywords: Ultrasound, thyroid nodules, ACR-TIRADS 2017, benign, malignant.

scholarly journals Sonographic assessment of thyroid gland in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisa Elzakil ◽  
Awadia Gareeballah ◽  
Moawia Gameraddin ◽  
Mowada Burai ◽  
Fathelrehman Alagab
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Thyroid gland morphology and disorders were affected with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The study aims to assess thyroid gland disorders and morphology in patients with CKD on regular hemodialysis.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study included 71 participants divided into two groups. The study group included 51 patients with known chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and healthy group included 20 participants. The exclusion criteria were thyroid disorders. The thyroid gland was scanned with ultrasound using a 7 MHz probe.Results: The thyroid is enlarged in 21.57% of patients and heterogeneous echotexture in 31.4%. The prevalence of thyroid nodules and cysts were 9.8% and 7.8% respectively. A positive linear correlation existed between duration of hemodialysis and thyroid volume. Thyroid volume and echotexture were significantly increased with duration of hemodialysis (p = .001 and .00 respectively). Thyroid nodules and cysts were not significantly correlated with duration of hemodialysis (p = .06 and .28 respectively).Conclusions: In conclusion, enlargement of thyroid gland and heterogeneity of thyroid tissue were the most common morphological changes in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The prevalence increased with longer duration of hemodialysis. Periodic ultrasound assessment of thyroid volume and texture are recommended in hemodialyzed patients to avoid complications.

scholarly journals Differences of the Structure of Immune Regulatory Cell Populations between Cellular Material from Sonographically Detected Focal Thyroid Lesions and Peripheral Blood in Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Stasiołek ◽  
Przemysław Śliwka ◽  
Magdalena Stasiak ◽  
Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka ◽  
Elżbieta Skowrońska-Jóźwiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Monocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

Focal thyroid lesions are common ultrasound findings with the estimated prevalence up to 67% of the population. They form characteristically enveloped regions with individual encapsulated microenvironment that may involve the specific distribution of immune system compounds—especially antigen presenting cells (APC). We analyzed and compared the most potent APC—plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells (DCs) subpopulations and three monocyte subpopulations as well as other immune cells—in peripheral blood and local blood of thyroid gland obtained parallelly in patients with focal thyroid lesions using flow cytometry. The analysis revealed significant differences in the distribution of main subsets of assessed cells between peripheral blood and biopsy material. The results support the existence of local, organ-specific immune reaction control networks within thyroid nodules.

scholarly journals Monitoring the effects of iodine prophylaxis in the adult population of southern Italy with deficient and sufficient iodine intake levels: a cross-sectional, epidemiological study

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Bonofiglio ◽  
Stefania Catalano ◽  
Anna Perri ◽  
Marta Santoro ◽  
Lorenza Siciliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractI prophylaxis is the most effective strategy to eradicate I deficiency disorders, but it has been shown to affect the thyroid disease pattern. In this study, we assessed the frequency of thyroid disorders in an adult population living in two areas of southern Italy after implementing I prophylaxis. To this aim, a cross-sectional, population-based study including 489 subjects from an I-deficient rural and an I-sufficient urban area of southern Italy was conducted. Thyroid ultrasound was performed on all participants, and urine and blood samples were collected from each subject. The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (TgAb) and thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb), urinary I excretion (UIE), and thyroid volume and echogenicity were evaluated. We found that the median UIE was higher in the urban than in the rural area (P=0·004), whereas the prevalence of subjects affected by goitre was higher in the rural compared with the urban area (P=0·003). Positive TgAb rather than TPOAb were more frequent in subjects from the urban area compared with the rural area (P=0·009). The hypoechoic pattern at thyroid ultrasound (HT-US) was similar between the two areas, but TgAb were significantly higher (P=0·01) in HT-US subjects from the urban area. The frequency of elevated TSH did not differ between the two screened populations, and no changes were found for TgAb positivity in subjects with high TSH in the urban compared with the rural area. Our findings support that the small risks of I supplementation are far outweighed by the substantial benefits of correcting I deficiency, although continued monitoring of populations is necessary.

scholarly journals Histopathological Spectrum of Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions of Thyroid: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (231) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilasma Ghartimagar ◽  
Arnab Ghosh ◽  
Manish Kiran Shrestha ◽  
Sushma Thapa ◽  
Om Prakash Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

Introduction: Thyroid gland lesions are the most common endocrine disorders encountered globally. Diseases of the thyroid gland present with either an alteration of hormone secretion or as an enlargement of the thyroid gland. The objective of the study is to find the frequency of different thyroid lesions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara from Jan 2005 to Jan 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 330). Patients who had undergone thyroidectomy procedures for both non-neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions were enrolled. Convenient sampling was done. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and Microsoft Excel were used. Results: Out of 345 thyroidectomy specimens, 246 (71.3%) cases of non-neoplastic lesions, and 99 (28.69%) cases of neoplastic lesions were present. There were 54 males and 291 females with a male to female ratio of 1:5.4. The age ranged from 9 to 76 years with a mean age of 43.67 years. In non-neoplastic lesions, the predominant lesion was the colloid goiter with 205 (83.33%) cases followed by Grave’s disease and lymphocytic thyroiditis with 14 (5.69%) cases each. In neoplastic lesions, papillary carcinoma was the commonest lesion with 56 (56.56%) cases followed by follicular carcinoma with 14 (14.14%) cases and follicular adenoma with 13 (13.13%) cases. There were also 9 (9.09%) cases of anaplastic carcinoma in neoplastic lesions. Conclusions: Colloid goiter and papillary carcinoma was the most commonly encountered non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesion with a female predominance. Rare tumors like anaplastic carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, and follicular carcinoma with anaplastic transformation were also encountered.

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