scholarly journals Potential of mangrove (Acanthus Ilicifolius) leave extract as an alternative root canal irrigation in removing smear layer (in-vitro study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2869-2874
Author(s):  
Dennis D ◽  
Winda Fatika Sari ◽  
Trimurni Abidin ◽  
Widi Prasetia
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Control Samples

Factor that should be considered in the use of irrigation is the loss of the smear layer on root canal walls. Therefore the prepared root canal can be irrigated using materials, such as EDTA 17% and 2,5% NaOCl and of extract Acanthus ilicifolius 7,5% and 10%. To determine the potential of extract Acanthus ilicifolius leaves as an alternative of root canal irrigation in removing smear layer at a concentratiom of 7,5% and 10%. The type of this study is a laboratory experimental with post-test only control group design. The total sample is 24 teeth samples that have been prepared and irrigated consisting of four groups. 6 samples for irrigation 7,5% extract Acanthus ilicifolius, 6 samples for irrigation 10% extract Acanthus ilicifolius, 6 positive control samples for combination 2,5% NaOCl and EDTA 17%, and 6 negative control samples. Shooting tool used to observe the cleanliness level in the walls of the root canal is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using Kappa statistics, followed by Kruskal wallis analysis test and continued with Mann-Whitney analysis. Acanthus ilicifolius 7.5% and 10% extracts can remove the smear layer when compared with the negative control group. The combination of 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA is better in smear layer removal compared to 7.5% and 10% Acanthus ilicifolius extracts. Acanthus ilicifolius was able to clean the smear layer on the root canal and can be used as an alternative root canal irrigation.

scholarly journals Antibacterial potency of mangosteen pericarp extracts (Garcinia mangostana L.) against Fusobacterium nucleatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Nia Pramais Octaviani ◽  
Latief Mooduto ◽  
Achmad Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation

Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common bacterial in root canal with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion. A way to eliminate these bacteria from root canal is by root canal irrigation. Root canal irrigation materials that are widely used nowadays has many shortcomings. The pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) has antibacterial potency. Therefore mangosteen pericarp can be an alternative material which could inhibit and bactericidal function to Fusobacterium nucleatum. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial potency of mangosteen pericarp extract (Garcinia Mangostana L.) against Fusobacterium nucleatum. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental with pos-test only control group design. A microdilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration by colony counting bacteriae in Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) media with drop plate technique. Growth of bacterial colonies in TSA is calculated manually in colony forming unit (CFU/ml). Results: Bacterial colonies growth at concentration 0.78% was 90% less than positive control group and there were no bacterial colonies growth at concentration 0.975%. Conclusion: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of mangosteen pericarp against Fusobacterium nucleatum was at 0,78% concentration and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was at 0.975% concentration.

scholarly journals The differences in root canal smear layer removal between 6,25% pineapple (Ananas comocus L. Merr.) peel extract and 17% Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Nirawati Pribadi ◽  
Karlina Samadi ◽  
Meliavita N. K. Astuti ◽  
Hendy J. Kurniawan ◽  
Adelina K. Tandadjaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Peel Extract

Background: The smear layer is attached to dentine and occludes the orifice and, consequently, must be removed in order to improve the success of inroot canal treatment. The ideal irrigation material removes both the organic and inorganic smear layers. Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) is one of the most commonly used root canal irrigation materials, but removes only inorganic smear layer. To overcome this problem, Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) peel extract, which contains saponins, bromelain, polyphenol and flavonoid, is used during root canal irrigation. Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the difference in smear layer removal between the use of 6.25% pineapple peel extract and 17% EDTA. Methods: 27 samples of mandibular premolar teeth with straight root canals were divided randomly into three groups (n = 9) and subsequently prepared using protaper. Irrigation was performed on the control group (aquadest), group I (17% EDTA) and group II (6.25% pineapple peel extract). The samples were dried, temporarily compressed and cut horizontally from the apical to the coronal. Samples were fixed with holder before the smear layer was observed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The resulting data was analyzed by means of an ANOVA test. Results: The highest score of root canal hygiene was recorded by group II, followed by group I and, finally, the control group. There were significant differences between the groups (p< 0.000). Conclusion: 6.25% pineapple peel extract produces a higher smear layer removal effect than 17%EDTA on the apical 1/3 of the root canal.

scholarly journals Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi linn) terhadap Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (Antibacterial Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi linn Leaf Extract against Enterococcus Faecalis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ranggi Hardian Nugro Astuti ◽  
Karlina Samadi ◽  
Eric Priyo Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation

Background. The prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis bacterial infection caused the failure of root canal treatment between 24%-77%. This is due to various factors resistance and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis. This research to find alternative materials that have antibacterial properties and by utilizing natural ingredients that can later be used as a root canal irrigation. Antibacterial activity of the Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria can be determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract that has antibacterial activity against bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. Method. This research is a labolatory experimental with post test only control group design which use diluted Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 according Mc. Farland standard 1,5 x 108 CFU/ml. With treatment Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract on concentration 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, and 25% given to each of 0,05 ml  Enterococcus faecalis and using Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) as planting media. Result. At the concentration 30% of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract, showed that colony’s growth less than 10%. At the concentration 35% was not revealed any bacterial growth. Conclusion. The Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract has antibacterial effect on bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. The MIC was at 30% and MBC was at 35%.

scholarly journals The impact of different irrigants on the quality of root canal walls

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Goran Stojilkovic ◽  
Jovanka Gasic ◽  
Jelena Dakovic
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Root canal irrigation plays an important part in the endodontic therapy. Inadequate irrigation or instrumentation without irrigation increase the accumulation of debris on the cutting surfaces of instruments as well as debris and smear layer on root canal walls. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate smear layer removal after irrigation with saline, 5% NaOCl, 15% EDTA and the combination of 15% EDTA and 5% NaOCl. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Clinic for Dentistry and Institute for biomedical research of the School of Medicine in Nis. Twenty five premolars, extracted from orthodontic reasons, were allocated to 5 groups (A-E) of 5 teeth. Root canals of all teeth were instrumented using hand K files. Samples from Group A were instrumented without irrigation (control group). In Group B, the irrigation was done using saline, in Group C 5% NaOCl, in Group D 15% EDTA and in Group E the combination of 15% EDTA and 5% NaOCl. After the treatment, all samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Central parts of root canals were examined and photomicrographs were taken at different magnification. The amount of debris and smear layer was quantified and the data were statistically analyzed. Results: All four treatment modalities (B, C, D, E) induced changes in the appearance of dentinal walls and the amount of debris and the smear layer compared to the control group (A). The difference between the control group and Group B was statistically significant (p<0.01) and highly significant between the control group and Groups C, D and E (p<0.0001). The combined use of 15% EDTA and 5% NaOCl for irrigation and 1 min final rinse resulted in a complete elimination of the smear layer; the use of saline, 5% NaOCl or 15% EDTA alone failed to remove the debris and smear layer completely. Conclusion: The use of singular solutions for root canal irrigation significantly reduces the amount of debris and the smear layer whereas the combined use of NaOCl and EDTA results in the complete elimination of the smear layer from root canal walls.

scholarly journals A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of different root canal irrigation regimens

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaves Medici Mônika ◽  
Izabel Cristina Fröner
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of endodontic irrigants in removing the smear layer from instrumented root canal walls using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The endodontic irrigants used were: 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 1% NaOCl mixed to 17% EDTAC; 2% chlorhexidine gel; and Ricinus communis gel. Photomicrographs of the middle and apical thirds were evaluated with the aid of the Fotoscore - v. 2.0 software. The results indicated that the mixture of sodium hypochlorite and EDTAC completely removed the smear layer from dentinal walls. The other endodontic irrigants were not as efficient in cleansing the root canals.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of 2.5% NaOCl Irrigation and 17% EDTA against the Sealing Ability of Resin Paste

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Tamara Nitya A ◽  
Nanik Zubaidah ◽  
Moch Mudjiono
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apical Leakage

Background: Root canal irrigation seeks the elimination of bacteria and its products from the root canal. If debris is left in the root canal, it can prohibit adaptation between obturationmaterial and root canal wall. Therefore, it can decrease the sealing ability of obturation material. Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA on the apical sealing ability of resin obturation paste. Method: The roots of 18 human mandibular premolar teeth were selected and the root canal was prepared using a conventional technique. Samples were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl, and17% EDTA, and sterile aquadest (Aqua Deastilata) as a control group. Samples were filled with gutta-percha and top seal. Samples were soaked in 2% methylene blue for 48 hours to measure the depth of microleakage. Result: The mean apical leakage after irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; 17% EDTA; and sterile aquadest in the sequence were 0.92 mm; 3.6 mm; and 8.08 mm. Conclusion: 2.5% NaOClhas less depth of microleakage than 17% EDTA. However, the depth of microleakage cannot demonstrate the exact sealing ability of the resin paste due to some factors.

scholarly journals The Effect of Jeruju Leaf Extract (Acanthus ilicifolius) on Decrease Blood Level of LDL of Male Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Induced Alloxan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Anggita Saraswati ◽  
Irmawati M. Dikman ◽  
Retno Budiarti
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius

<h1 align="left">ABSTRACT</h1><p><strong>Background</strong> : DM is a chronic disease that has long-term complications. Alloxan is a fast way to produce experimental diabetic (hyperglycemic) in animal experiments related to elevated LDL. Jeruju (<em>Acanthus ilicifolius</em>) is a low-growth herbaceous plant that easily grows containing secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, and Phenols.</p><p><strong>Objective</strong> : To determine the effect of jeruju leaf extract on the decrease in blood levels of LDL of male Wistar rat (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) induced Alloxan.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong> : This research is an experimental laboratory type with Post Test Only Control Group Design. The sample using 24 rats, which were divided into 3 groups: negative control group (K-) were given standard feed; positive control group (K +) induced alloxan 120 mg/kgBW on 1<sup>st</sup> day; the treatment group (P) induced alloxan 120 mg/kgBW on 1<sup>st</sup> day and was given jeruju leaf extract 67.2 mg/kgBW on 5<sup>th</sup>-14<sup>th</sup> day. The 15<sup>th</sup> day a blood sample was taken to determine LDL levels.</p><p><strong>Result</strong> : The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed an insignificant mean difference (p = 0.270) in LDL level of K- (<strong> </strong>= 9.75 mg/dl) and the K+ (<strong> </strong>= 11.38 mg/dl ). Insignificant mean difference (p = 0.270) in P (<strong> </strong>= 9 mg/dl) with blood LDL levels in the K+ (<strong> </strong>= 11.38 mg/dl) and the K- (<strong> </strong>= 9, 75 mg/dl).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong> :    Giving alloxan can increase blood levels of LDL and administration of jeruju leaf extract can reduce blood levels of LDL in experimental animals but not statistically significant.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Alloxan, LDL, <em>Acanthus ilicifolius</em>.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticle as A Final Irrigation Solution on The Smear Layer Removal, Micro-hardness and Surface Roughness of Root Canal Dentin

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Diatri Nari Ratih ◽  
Raras Ajeng Enggardipta ◽  
Aqilla Tiara Kartikaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Dentin

Background: Root canal irrigation is one of the most important stages during root canal treatment. One of the requirements of root canal irrigation material is that it can eradicate the smear layer but does not alter the physical properties of the root canal dentin. Objective: To investigate the effect of chitosan nanoparticle as a final irrigation solution on the smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness of root canal dentin. Methods: Seventy-two premolars used in this study and divided by three evaluations, namely smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness. Each study used 24 teeth and was assigned randomly into three groups of eight teeth. Group-1, final irrigation with 17% EDTA; group-2, with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles; group-3, with 2.5% NaOCl. Specimens were evaluated for smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness using a Scanning Electron Microscope, Vickers hardness tester and surface roughness measuring instrument, respectively. Data obtained from smear layer removal evaluation were statically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U and data from micro-hardness and surface roughness were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: Final irrigation using 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles produced similar smear layer removal than 17% EDTA (P>0.05), but it was greater than 2.5% NaOCl (P<0.05). Chitosan had higher micro-hardness and lower surface roughness than EDTA (P<0.05), but it was the same as 2.5% NaOCl (P>0.05). Conclusion: Final irrigation using 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles had the same effect on smear layer removal compared to 17% EDTA; however, 0.2% chitosan produced higher micro-hardness and lower surface roughness of root canal dentin than 17% EDTA.

SITOTOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN MANGROVE DARUJU (Acanthus ilicifolius) SEBAGAI BAHAN IRIGASI SALURAN AKAR

DENTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Twi Agnita Cevanti ◽  
Ratna Putri ◽  
Henu Sumekar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Irrigation Solution

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> The cleaning and shaping of the root canal are important stages in root canal treatment. The irrigation solution needed in those stages to clean the canal from residual necrotic tissue, demtine particles, and microorganism. Irrigation solution must fulfill some criteria among others, able to solute the debris or tissue residual, has low surface tension and not toxic. Mangrove Daruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) has potency to be a alternative of the usual irrigation solution because has antibacterial effect. <strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity of Daruju mangrove (Acanthus ilicifolius) as root canal irrigation against the fibroblast cell (BHK-21) culture. <strong>Methods: </strong>The samples used was fibroblast cells (BHK-21) using culture method. These samples were treated with Acanthus ilicifolius chloroform extract with several concentration. Samples were divided into 1: cell control, 2:media control, 3: 40mg/ml, 4: 50mg/ml, 5: 60mg/ml,  6: 70mg/ml,: 80mg/ml, 7: control. MTT was added, 3 minutes after that incubated for 4 hours. DMSO solution was added and then shaken, the samples were analyzed using ElISA reader with a 620 wavelength. The cytotoxiciy wa expressed by cell viability. If its is &gt; 50%, it is declared as non toxic. Data analyzed using non parametric test (Kruskal-Wallis) followed by Mann Whitney test. <strong>Result: </strong>The Kruskal-Wallis test proved that there were significant differences in the cell viability among the treated groups. The average difference among the treated groups which were tested with Mann-Whitney test, showed a significant difference between group 1 and 5, also group 2 and group 5. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acanthus ilicifolius leaf chloroform extract has no cytotoxicity effect on concentration fibroblast cell (BHK-21) culture.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Acanthus ilicifolius, root canal irrigation, fibroblast cell</em></p><p><em><strong>Correspondence</strong>: Twi Agnita Cevanti, Laboratorium Konservasi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Hang Tuah, Jl, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Indonesia. Ph 031-5945864, fax: 031-5912191, e-mail address: [email protected]</em></p>

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Different Irrigation Protocols on Intracanal Smear Layer Removal in Teeth with or without Pre-Endodontic Proximal Wall Restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3325
Author(s):  
Naji Kharouf ◽  
Eugenio Pedullà ◽  
Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa ◽  
Frédéric Bukiet ◽  
Salvatore Sauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Apical Level ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sonic Activation

To investigate the influence of pre-endodontic coronal wall restoration on smear layer removal during different root canal irrigation strategies, single-root premolars were prepared with a mesio-occlusal cavity. Half were left untreated (G1), while the mesial walls of the remaining half were reconstructed using a resin composite (G2). The specimens were divided into control (ctrl) groups, which used the conventional needle irrigation method, and four experimental subgroups according to irrigation strategy: Sonic activation using the Endoactivator, sonic activation using the EQ-S, mechanical activation using the XP-Endo finisher, and ultrasonic activation using the EndoUltra. Smear layer removal was assessed through SEM and the results were statistically analyzed. At the coronal and middle thirds, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was detected for G1 and G2, except for the control subgroups (G1ctrl vs G2 ctrl) at the middle third. At the apical third, the smear layer removal was significantly greater for G2 than G1. In G1, both at the middle and apical level, EQ-S and EndoUltra showed greater smear layer removal (p < 0.05) compared to the others G1 subgroups. In G2, at the apical level, the EQ-S and EndoUltra were the most effective in smear layer removal. Pre-endodontic coronal wall restoration may improve the smear layer removal during root canal irrigation.

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