scholarly journals Effect of ethanolic extract of cashew leaf ( Anacardium occidentale L ) on edema, hyperalgesia and malondialdehyde levels of the rat foot of an inৎlammatory model compared to diclofenac

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5539-5545
Author(s):  
Dwintha Lestari ◽  
Indrati ◽  
Anggun Rafisa
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Edema Volume ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation is a body tissue reaction to the damage caused by foreign object. One of the plants that the community uses to eliminate inflammation is cashew leaf (Anacardium occidentale L). This research aimed to find out if the guava extract has an anti-inflammatory effects compared with diclofenac. This was an experimental study using 30-tails Wistar strain, which is divided into 6 groups that every 1 hour later induced lambda-carrageenan. Group I and IV are given ethanolic extract of cashew leaf 300 mg/kg BW. Group II and V were given cellulose (CMC) 1% as a control. Group III and VI were given diclofenac 4.5 mg/kg of BW. Edema volume from hour 1 to 6 and MDA levels of foot tissue in the hour 6 were measured in group I, II, III. Hyperalgesia was measured in group IV, V and VI. All research results were statistically tested with ANOVA test followed by the Newman Keuls test. Ethanolic extract of cashew leaf 300 mg/kg BW inhibited the formation of edema volume, preventing hyperalgesia significantly (P < 0.05) compared to a group of control and diclofenac. Measurement of MDA levels between groups with ethanolic extract of cashew leaf, control, and diclofenac was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Ethanolic extract of cashew leaf has an anti-inflammatory effect based on inhibition of edema volume, hyperalgesia.

scholarly journals Immunomodulator Activity of Effervescent Granule of Wualae Fruit (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) Based on Specific Phagocytic Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adryan Fristiohady ◽  
Wa Ode Siti Zubaydah ◽  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Mirda Mirda ◽  
Saripuddin Saripuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

The previous study reported that Etlingera elatior (Wualae) has activity as immunostimulant with dose at 300 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW. Formulating natural product into effervescent granule (GE) can increase practicality and interest to consume traditional medicine. This study aims to investigate the immunostimulant activity of Wualae ethanolic extract in the effervescent granule. Wualae was macerated with ethanol then formulated into effervescent granule at dose 300 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW. Formulations were evaluated. Animals were divided into 4 groups and treated with: group I (positive control); group II (negative control); group III (GE dose at 300mg/kgBW); and group IV (GE at dose 400mg/kgBW) for 7 days and at days 8, groups were infected by Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally. Immunostimulant activity was measured by calculating the Specific Phagocytic Activity (SPA) of macrophage. Data collected from the evaluation and measurement of the SPA then analyzed using SPSS. Results from the evaluation were considered good except the moisture content of effervescent granule. Results from SPA was found that effervescent granule at dose 300 mg/kgBW and at dose 400 mg/kgBW have 26.33% and 32.5% consecutively with significance 0.02 (p<0.05). Thus, effervescent granule has comparable phagocytosis activity with positive control.

Analysis of surface conditioning methods on core-veneer bond strength of CAD/CAM zirconia restorations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anip K. Roy ◽  
Govind N. Prasad ◽  
Tushar V. Bhagat ◽  
Saurabh Chaturvedi ◽  
Vishwanath Gurumurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND: The increased strength of zirconia has resulted in its widespread application in clinical dentistry. Nevertheless, the fracture of veneering porcelains remains one of the key reasons of failure. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the influence of surface conditioning methods on the core-veneer bond strength of zirconia restorations. METHODS: Thirty specimens of zirconia core with sizes 10 × 5 × 5 mm were layered with porcelain of sizes 5 × 3 × 3 mm. On the basis of different surface conditioning methods, four groups were made: Group I: abrasion with airborne alumina particles of 110 μm size, Group II: sandblasting with silica coated alumina particles of 50 μm in size, Group III (modified group): alteration with a coating of zirconia powder prior to sintering, and Group IV (control group): metal core specimens. The shear force of all specimens was tested using a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc pair wise comparison (p= 0.05) were performed to analyze the shear bond strength. A scanning electron microscope was used to assess the fractured specimens. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was noted between the groups. The mean value of shear bond strength was 40.25 MPa for Group I, 41.93 MPa for Group II, 48.08 MPa for Group III and 47.01 MPa for Group IV. CONCLUSIONS: The modified zirconia group and control group demonstrated a significantly higher mean bond strength than that of Group I, where airborne particle abrasion was used. The scanning electron microscope showed that cohesive fracture in the porcelain veneers was the main problem of failure in altered zirconia. The modified zirconia specimens in Group III demonstrated significantly improved values of shear bond strength.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Carica Papaya seeds in Drug-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2951-2953
Author(s):  
Sameer Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Attiya Munir ◽  
Amtul Hafeez ◽  
Sher Afghan Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Nephrotoxicity is characterized by raised serum urea and creatinine levels and kidneys being one of the primary organs of drug concentration and excretion are vulnerable to many widely used marketed drugs, including anti-cancer drugs, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and radio contrast agents, are nephrotoxic. Aim: To determine the nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds in Aminoglycoside induced acute nephrotoxicity. Study design: Quasi Experimental study. Methodology: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were sub divided into 3 groups i.e., I, II and III with 10 rats in each group. Group II and III were administered Aminoglycoside drug; Gentamycin in 80 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal route once daily for 5 consecutive days to induce acute nephrotoxicity. At day 6, nephrotoxicity was confirmed by measuring serum urea and creatinine. Ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds (1000 mg/kg) was started once daily through oral route in group III for 5 consecutive days to see the nephroprotective effects of seed extract after causing acute kidney injury. All animals were given standard diet pellets manufactured at NIH. Results: Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group I (Control Group) at day 0 were 24.90 mg/dL ± 1.633 and .750 mg/dL ± .0619 respectively. Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group II (Disease Control Group) was 81.00 mg/dL ± 1.247 and 1.980mg/dL ± .0467 at day 6th. This suggested induction of nephrotoxicity by Gentamycin. Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group III (Ethanolic Extract Treated Group) at 11 day was 72.40mg/dL± .991 and 1.680 mg/dL± .0467 after 5 days treatment with ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds. Conclusion: We concluded that ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds has significant nephroprotective effects on Aminoglycoside induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Awareness and Adverse Effects

Adaptive dose response pilot study of intravaginal Prostaglandin E2 application in free farrowing sows during parturition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Bill ◽  
Heiko Nathues ◽  
Alexander Grahofer
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Meconium Staining

Abstract Background The duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel in sows. MethodsTwelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 2.0 mg PGE2; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV application of 0.5 mg PGE2. The gel was administered intravaginal after the birth of the fourth piglet. Total duration of birth (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths. Results Although no significant differences between the groups were detected, a beneficial tendency in several parameters was observed in group III. The duration of birth was 284 min (average of 14.3 piglets per litter), whereas in all other groups it was more than 400 min (average of 18.0 piglets per litter). The piglet interval was 10.1 min in group II compared to 10.2 min in group III, 16 min in group IV and 21.4 min in group I. In group III the placenta expulsion duration was 119 min in contrast to the other groups with more than 266 min. Severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group II showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia, and intra-partum deaths were recorded. Conclusion Although the sample size is limited in this study, it is assumed that an application of 1mg PGE2 intra-partum instead of lower or higher dosages has the most beneficial effects on the birth process in sows and on the vitality of piglets. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the positive effect of PGE2 in daily practise.

scholarly journals ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE O FIO DE NAILON E A LINHA DE PESCA (POLIAMIDA) E A SUA APLICABILIDADE COMO FIO CIRÚRGICO

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHEILA CANEVESE RAHAL ◽  
MANOEL ÁLVARO GUIMARÃES ◽  
JOSÉ VICENTE FORTES ◽  
HÉLIO LANGONI ◽  
PEDRO HELIO LUCCHIARI
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Nylon Thread ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mucous Membranes

"Linhas de pesca"* em diâmetros de 0,15mm; 0,20mm; 0,25mm; 0,30mm foram divididas em quatro grupos, contendo dez amostras de cada diâmetro: grupo I - controle; grupo II - linhas colocadas em frasco com pastilhas de formalina; grupo III - um ciclo de autoclavagem (30 minutos à 121 C, seguido por 10 minutos de secagem à 37 C em estufa); grupo IV - dois ciclos de autoclavagens. Foram avaliadas quanto: comprimento, calibre, resistência no nó e alongamento. Comparativamente foram examinados fios de náilon cirúrgico nas numerações 0, 1-0, 2-0, 3-0, 4-0 e 5-0 (10 amostras de cada um). Pelos resultados da análise estastística, verificou-se que a esterilização pelo calor úmido exerceu um efeito adverso na resistência da "linha de pesca". Por outro lado não houve diferenças na resistência, calibre e alongamento da "linha de pesca" entre o primeiro e segundo ciclo de autoclavagem. As “linhas” mantidas em pastilhas de formalina mantiveram na sua maioria suas características originais de resistência, comprimento, diâmetro e alongamento quando comparada ao grupo controle, entretanto, cabe lembrar que o formaldeído é considerado irritante para pele e membrana mucosa. Foi possível concluir que a "linha de pesca" apresenta características semelhantes ao fio cirúrgico, podendo ser mantida em pastilhas de formalina ou esterilizada em autoclave, lembrando que a autoclavagem altera algumas de suas propriedades físicas. Abstract A comparative study has been carried out between fishing lines and nylon thread in regard to their applicability as surgical thread. Four groups of 10 fishing lines in each of the following diameters = 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 mm = were subjected to the following treatments: group I, control; group II sterilized with formalin tablets; group III, autoclaved 30 minutes at 121oC; group IV, autoclaved twice 30 minutes at 121oC. The following parameters were then considered: length, caliber, resistance at the knot, and elongation. Ten samples of each surgical 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 nylon threads were used in comparatively similar experiments as the ones carried out with the fishing lines. According to the statistical analyses of the experimental results, it has been found that the sterilization by means of the humid heat exerts an adverse effect on the resistance of the fishing line. However, no differences were found between the effect displayed by two cycles sterilization compared with the fishing lines subjected to only one cycle. The threads maintained in formalin kept the majority of their original properties of resistance, length, diameter and elongation when compared with the control group. It is known, however that formaldehyde is an irritant chemical towards the skin and the mucous membranes. It was possible to conclude: a. fishing lines display characteristics similar to that ones of the nylon surgical thread; b. they can be maintained in formalin solution; c. autoclave sterilization alters some of their physical properties.

Protective effect of L-carnitine against oxidative damage caused by experimental chronic aflatoxicosis in quail (Coturnix coturnix)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Citil ◽  
V. Gunes ◽  
O. Atakisi ◽  
Ayla Ozcan ◽  
M. Tuzcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and whole blood reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in experimentally-induced chronic aflatoxicosis in quails. For this purpose, a total of 80 quails up to 8 weeks old were divided into four equal groups. Group I served as control, Group II was given L-carnitine at the dose of 200 mg/litre in the drinking water for 60 days, Group III was given 60 µg total aflatoxin/kg diet for 60 days, and Group IV was given both 60 µg total aflatoxin/kg diet and 200 mg L-carnitine/litre in the drinking water for 60 days. Aflatoxin treatment caused a significant increase in plasma MDA and a significant decrease in blood GSH concentrations. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in plasma MDA and a significant increase in whole blood GSH in the L-carnitine-supplemented group. The present study demonstrated that L-carnitine brought about the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by enhancing antioxidant capacity in quails with chronic aflatoxicosis.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Different Obturation Techniques by Confocal Microscopy: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Reetu Arora ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal ◽  
Kavneet Takhar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.

scholarly journals Remifentanil and Propofol Sedation for Retrobulbar Nerve Block

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rewari ◽  
R. Madan ◽  
H. L. Kaul ◽  
L. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Retrobulbar Block ◽  
Significant Movement ◽  
Group Ii

We studied remifentanil and propofol for analgesia and sedation during the placement of an ophthalmic block. Eighty ASA I or II patients undergoing elective cataract surgery under a retrobulbar block in a rural camp setting were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into four groups and received different drug combinations as follows: Group I—remifentanil 1 μg/kg, Group II—remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg and propofol 0.5 mg/kg, Group III— remifentanil 1 μg/kg with propofol 0.5 mg/kg and Group IV—saline 0.1 ml/kg. Patients were observed for degree of movement, sedation, pain, recall and respiratory depression. No patient in the study groups reported pain or displayed movement whereas most of the patients in the control group had significant pain during the placement of the block. Also, seven (35%) patients in the control group showed significant movement which may have led to failure of block in two patients and retrobulbar haemorrhage in one patient. Incidence of significant respiratory depression was maximum in Group III patients (60%), followed by Group I (20%) and least in Group II (5%). All patients in the study groups remained cooperative and obeyed commands except four patients in group III (OAA/S-4). Postoperatively, other than the control group, recall was maximum in Group I (55%) and least in Group II (5%). Hence, a combination of remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg with propofol 0.5 mg/kg as a bolus was considered to provide excellent relief of pain and anxiety with least adverse effects for the placement of ophthalmic blocks.

The effect of pro-, pre- and synbiotics on the health of mink, morphometric parameters of their digestive tract, and microbiological analysis of its contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Piórkowska
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Weight Gains

<b>The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of selected feed additives (pro-, pre- and synbiotics) on the health of mink, morphometric parameters of their digestive tract, and microbiological identification of its contents. The observations were made on pastel mink assigned to the following dietary treatments: group I – standard farm feed without supplements, group II – probiotic-supplemented feed, group III – prebiotic-supplemented feed, and group IV – synbiotic-supplemented feed. The feed additives were found to affect the growth and weight gains of the mink. Body weight at winter fur priming ranged from 1.45 to 2.54 kg in females and from 2.70 to 4.20 kg in males. During the rearing period (weaning to slaughter), the highest weight gains were observed in the group receiving prebiotics – on average 760 g in females and 1970 g in males. Analysis of the morphometric parameters of the digestive tract showed highly significant differences between means for the groups, except for the weight of the lungs and spleen and the length of the stomach. The mean concentration of total bacteria in the intestinal contents was similar in groups II and III (8.5-9.4 x 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g), higher in group IV, and highest in the control group (5.9 x 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g). Among the bacteria identified, <i>Corynebacterium</i> was dominant in all groups. The total fungal count in the intestinal contents was lowest in the mink receiving prebiotics. The dominant fungi were <i>Candida</i>, particularly <i>Candida glabrata</i>. The proportion of fungi of this genus varied between groups from 84.5% to 89.5%. The other fungi identified in the digesta were <i>Rhizopus</i> spp. and <i>Aspergillus</i> spp.</b>

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