scholarly journals The Trend of Children Mortality Rates in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Sani Rachman Soleman
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Children mortality rates describe the health services’ quality as indicators of each countries’ welfare, particularly in Indonesia. Several factors were determined as the main contributors of mortality, such as neonatal factors, maternal, environment and health services. The important of this research is to give recommendation to the government of Indonesia to propose some policies in handling of the increasing children mortality and modifying underlying disease as contributor mortality among children in Indonesia. The design of this study is cross sectional. The data was taken from World Health Organization Maternal Child Epidemiology Estimation from 2000 to 2017. There were three main categories : neonatal mortality rate (NND), post neonatal mortality rate (PND) and under five mortality rate (UFIVE). The leading causes of mortality were searched according to those categories and followed by descriptive analysis by line graphs. According to the data that had been found, there was declining on  NND (102.700 to 60.986), PND (138.553 to 63.471), UFIVE (241.253 to 124.457). The children mortality tend to decline at the range of 17 years, meanwhile the highest mortality among the three of groups are : premature birth in neonates, ARI in post neonates and premature birth in under five children.  In conclusion, the trend of three parameters of children mortality declined within 17 years. On several cases, there were outbreak of injury on 2004 and fluctuation of measles incident among infant and under five children. Premature birth and ARI have the highest prevalence among children in Indonesia.

State Reporting of Live Births of Newborns Weighing Less Than 500 Grams: Impact on Neonatal Mortality Rates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-854
Author(s):  
Ann L. Wilson ◽  
Lawrence J. Fenton ◽  
David P. Munson
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

The National Center for Health Statistics reports that in 1983 65% of all infant deaths in the United States occurred in the neonatal period. Of these reported neonatal deaths, 17% were of infants weighing less than 500 g at birth. There was, however, variation in state-reported incidence of live births of newborns in this weight cohort (0.2 to 2.2 per 1,000 live births). Thé states with the lowest neonatal mortality rate have the lowest incidence of birth weights less than 500 g (ρ = .77). If it is assumed that mortality for this weight category is nearly 100%, there is marked variation (5% to 32%) in the contribution of this weight cohort to a state's total neonatal mortality rate. Contributing to this variation may be definitions of live birth used by states. The World Health Organization defines a live birth as the product of conception showing signs of life "irrespective of the duration of pregnancy" and this definition is used by 33 states. Only one state (Ohio) includes the gestational criteria of "at least 20 weeks" in its definition of live birth. There is evidence to suggest that definitions are not uniformly used within individual states. For example, in 1983, 20 states did not report any live births with weights less than 500 g among their "other" populations of nonwhite, nonblack residents. Half of these states, however, use the World Health Organization definition of live birth. Despite the exclusionary wording in Ohio's definition of live birth, 16% of newborns who died in that state had birth weights less than 500 g. Inconsistency in state definitions and possible variations in reporting live births less than 500 g affect state comparisons of infant and neonatal mortality rates.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR SOSIODEMOGRAFI KELAHIRAN PREMATUR DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM YK MADIRA PALEMBANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
Rika Ariana ◽  
Fika Minata Wathan
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

The one of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in goals 3.2 are reducing Neonatal Mortality Rate to 12/1,000 live births. Preterm birth contributes greatly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Based on the results of a review of the medical records of YK Madira Hospital in Palembang shows an increase the prevalence of preterm birth in 2018 of 5.7% and in 2019 an increase of 8.0%. The research aim to determine the relationship between risk factors on preterm birth. This research is an analytical survey, cross-sectional design using secondary with a systematic random sampling totaling 202 samples. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test for bivariate, logistic regression for multivariate, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between age (p-value = 0.000 OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.82-6, 39), education (p-value = 0.009 OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.28-4.58), history of preterm birth (p-value = 0.008 OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1, 35-5.54), ANC examination (p-value = 0.031 OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.15-5.72) smoking variable obtain p-value = 1,000 (p>0.05). Conclusion: The most dominan variabel affecting preterm birth are age and history of preterm birth. These results can be used as a basis for information so that health workers can further improve communication, information,education on reproductive health in prospective brides and also groups of mother at high risk for premature birth as a promotive, preventive action thtat can prevent premature birth to support the achievement of government program targets in reducing the neonatal mortality rate in Indonesia.

Retrospective analysis of neonatal deaths secondary to infections in England and Wales, 2013–2015

2020 ◽  
pp. fetalneonatal-2020-319093
Author(s):  
Godwin Oligbu ◽  
Leila Ahmed ◽  
Laura Ferraras-Antolin ◽  
Shamez Ladhani
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Related Mortality

ObjectiveTo estimate the overall and infection-related neonatal mortality rate and the pathogens responsible using electronic death registrations.DesignRetrospective analysis of national electronic death registrations data.SettingEngland and Wales.PatientsNeonates aged <28 days.Main outcome measuresOverall and infection-related mortality rate per 1000 live births in term, preterm (28–36 weeks) and extremely preterm (<28 weeks) neonates; the contribution of infections and specific pathogens; comparison with mortality rates in 2003–2005.ResultsThe neonatal mortality rate during 2013–2015 (2.4/1000 live births; 5095 deaths) was 31% lower than in 2003–2005 (3.5/1000; 6700 deaths). Infection-related neonatal mortality rate in 2013–2015 (0.32/1000; n=669) was 20% lower compared with 2003–2015 (0.40/1000; n=768), respectively. Infections were responsible for 13.1% (669/5095) of neonatal deaths during 2013–2015 and 11.5% (768/6700) during 2003–2005. Of the infection-related deaths, 44.2% (296/669) were in term, 19.9% (133/669) preterm and 35.9% (240/669) extremely preterm neonates. Compared with term infants (0.15/1000 live births), infection-related mortality rate was 5.9-fold (95% CI 4.7 to 7.2) higher in preterm (0.90/1000) and 188-fold (95% CI 157 to 223) higher in extremely preterm infants (28.7/1000) during 2013–2015. A pathogen was recorded in 448 (67%) registrations: 400 (89.3%) were bacterial, 37 (8.3%) viral and 11 (2.4%) fungal. Group B streptococcus (GBS) was reported in 30.4% (49/161) of records that specified a bacterial infection and 7.3% (49/669) of infection-related deaths.ConclusionsOverall and infection-related neonatal mortality rates have declined, but the contribution of infection and of specific pathogens has not changed. Further preventive measures, including antenatal GBS vaccine may be required to prevent the single most common cause of infection-related deaths in neonates.

scholarly journals Socio-epidemiological study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among under five children in rural Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Anjana Verma ◽  
Dhriti Chugh ◽  
Ashish Patyal ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Meena ◽  
Medha Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Study Population

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major problem in India and is rightfully described as “the silent emergency.” Sociocultural factors and rural urban disparity in health services in our country further impact the health outcomes. The effects of malnutrition are long-term and trap generations in the vicious circle of poverty. Improving nutrition is therefore essential to accelerate economic growth and development of the country.Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 200 under five children residing in rural Udaipur, Rajasthan. Random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic data, birth history, Anganwadi beneficiary status etc. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight and heights were recorded and classified as underweight, wasted and stunted, using standard World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.Results: This study revealed that 58% of the study population was stunted, 45% was wasted, 54% was underweight and 5% was overweight of the study population was overweight. Regarding the association of malnutrition parameters with other factors, it was found that malnutrition was high among female children, lower socioeconomic class, children of low educated mothers and children who were not exclusively breast fed.Conclusions: To combat malnutrition in India, there is need of multifaceted approach, taking into account the sociocultural determinants, demographic variables, especially in rural areas. In addition to providing supplementary nutrition, innovations regarding specific interventions targeted towards vulnerable population is necessary.

scholarly journals Potential contributions of an on-site nurse mentoring program on neonatal mortality reductions in rural Karnataka state, South India: evidence from repeat community cross-sectional surveys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Ramesh ◽  
Arin Kar ◽  
Krishnamurthy Jayanna ◽  
Jyoti S. Hallad ◽  
Cunningham Troy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
South India ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate

Abstract Background: We assessed the effects of a nurse mentoring program on neonatal mortality in eight districts in India. Methods: From 2012 to 2015, nurse mentors supported improvements in critical MNCH-related practices among health providers at primary health centres (PHCs) in northern Karnataka, South India. Baseline (n=5,240) and endline (n=5,154) surveys of randomly selected ever-married women were conducted. Neonatal mortality rates (NMR) among the last live-born children in the three years prior to each survey delivered in NM and non-NM-supported facilities were calculated and compared using survival analysis and cumulative hazard function. Mortality rates on days 1, 2-7 and 8-28 post-partum were compared. Cox survival regression analysis measured the adjusted effect on neonatal mortality of delivering in a nurse mentor supported facility. Results: Overall, neonatal mortality rate in the three years preceding the baseline and endline surveys was 30.5 (95% CI 24.3-38.4) and 21.6 (95% CI 16.3-28.7) respectively. There was a substantial decline in neonatal mortality between the survey rounds among children delivered in PHCs supported by NM: 29.4 (95% CI 18.1-47.5) vs. 9.3 (95% CI 3.9-22.3) (p=0.09). No significant declines in neonatal mortality rate were observed among children delivered in other facilities or at home. In regression analysis, among children born in nurse mentor supported facilities, the estimated hazard ratio at endline was significantly lower compared with baseline (HR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06-0.82, p=0.02). Conclusion: The nurse mentoring program was associated with a substantial reduction in neonatal mortality. Further research is warranted to delineate whether this may be an effective strategy for reducing NMR in resource-poor settings. [b]Key words:[/b] Nurse mentoring, Quality of care, Neonatal mortality This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Grant Number OPPGH5310

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penerapan Program Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi (P4K) terhadap Kematian Neonatal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Homsiatur Rohmatin ◽  
Agustina Widayati
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Newborn Mortality ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

 Abstrak Program Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi (P4K) merupakan program pemerintah dalam penurunan angka kematian ibu dan bayi baru lahir. Angka kematian bayi (AKB) di Indonesia masih tinggi dimana Kabupaten Probolinggo merupakan salah satu penyumbang tertinggi. P4K merupakan tanggung jawab bidan, ibu hamil, suami, dan keluarga. Masih tingginya kematian neonatal di Kabupaten Probolinggo, diduga karena kurangnya peran aktif ibu, suami, dan keluarga dalam penerapan P4K. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penerapan P4K terhadap kematian neonatal di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Rancang bangun penelitian adalah crossectional dengan populasi seluruh ibu yang mempunyai bayi lahir hidup atau mati (usia 0-28 hari) yang mendapatkan stiker P4K. Teknik sampling menggunakan accidental sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sebagian ibu yang mempunyai bayi lahir hidup atau mati (usia 0-28 hari) yang mendapatkan stiker P4K. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Uunivariat, bivariat dan multivariat digunakan dalam menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menginformasikan sebagian besar ibu, suami, dan keluarga kurang berperan aktif. Sehingga ada pengaruh penerapan P4K terhadap kematian neonatal. Untuk itu, diperlukan peran aktif kader posyandu dalam memotivasi dan mendampingi ibu, suami dan keluarga dalam penerapan P4K sebagai upaya menurunkan kematian neonatal.  Kata kunci  : P4K, kematian neonatal, stiker  Abstract           The Maternity and Complication Prevention Planning Program (P4K) is a government program in reducing maternal and newborn mortality. The infant mortality rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still high where Probolinggo District is one of the highest contributors. P4K is the responsibility of midwives, pregnant women, husbands and families. The high neonatal mortality rate in Probolinggo Regency is allegedly due to the lack of active role of mothers, husbands, and families in implementing P4K. This study aimed to analyze the effect of P4K application on neonatal mortality in Probolinggo District. The research design was cross-sectional with the population of all mothers who had live or dead babies (aged 0-28 days) who received P4K stickers. The sampling technique used accidental sampling. The sample of this study was that some mothers who have babies born alive or dead (age 0-28 days) who got P4K stickers. Data collection used questionnaires and interviews. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate were used to analyze the data. The results of the study informed that most mothers, husbands, and families were less active. Therefore, there was an effect of applying P4K to neonatal mortality. It is suggested for posyandu cadres to have an active role in motivating and assisting mothers, husbands and families in implementing P4K as an effort to reduce neonatal mortality.Keywords    : P4K, neonatal mortality, sticker

scholarly journals A community based study of neonatal mortality in Aligarh by using verbal autopsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Ambren Chauhan ◽  
M. Salman Shah ◽  
Najam Khalique ◽  
Uzma Eram
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Verbal Autopsy ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births

Background:Neonatal mortality rate is regarded as an important and sensitive indicator of the health status of a community. Children face the highest risk of dying in their first month of life. The present study was aimed to 1) determine the prevalence of neonatal mortality rate 2) identify socio-biological factors in relation to neonatal mortality.3) determine the causes of neonatal mortality. Methods:A community based cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice areas of Department of Community Medicine, AMU, Aligarh. All the live births and all neonatal deaths were taken for one year from June 2016 to May 2017. A standard Verbal autopsy questionnaire (WHO 2012) was used as a study tool. Results:The prevalence of neonatal mortality rate was38.2/1000 live births. The early neonatal mortality rate was 28.3/1000 live births and late neonatal mortality rate was 9.9/1000 live births. The associated socio –biological factors were gender [OR-2.381, 95% CI-1.037-5.468], birth order [OR-4.090, 95% CI-1.119-14.946] and gestational age [OR-12.62, 95% CI-3.26-48.82]. The leading causes of deaths among newborns were preterm births (22.2%), birth asphyxia (22.2%), other causes (19%), ARI (14.3%), congenital anomalies (14.3%) and diarrhoeaandneonatal sepsis accounted for (4.8%) each. Conclusions: The neonatal mortality rate assessed by verbal autopsy is higher than nationally reported. Most of the deaths were in early neonatal period. There is a need for programs encouraging the use of antenatal care, encouraging institutional deliveries and care of LBW neonates; as well as implementation of community-based newborn survival strategies.

Time Trends in Characteristics and Outcome of Twin Pregnancies

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Moreault ◽  
S. Marcoux ◽  
J. Fabia ◽  
S. Tennina
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis study describes the evolution in fetal and neonatal mortality rates among twin pairs born in 22 hospitals located in the eastern regions of the province of Quebec in 1976-1978 (n = 776 pairs) and 1982-1985 (n = 712 pairs). It also assesses the contribution of maternal factors, obstetrical care and characteristics of twins in the variation of the risk of death over time. The fetal mortality rate did not improve from 1976-1978 (22.6 per 1000) to 1982-1985 (28.1 per 1000). However, the neonatal mortality rate declined from 44.7 to 34.7 per 1000 liveborn first twins and from 56.8 to 36.1 per 1000 liveborn second twins. For first twins as for second twins, birthweight-specific neonatal mortality rates decreased within birth weight categories under 2500 g. In the second period, 96.9% of twin pregnancies were detected before confinement compared to 59.6% in the earlier period. The proportion of twins delivered by obstetricians, the percentage of twin births occurring in ultraspecialized perinatal units and the frequency of caesarean sections increased markedly. The proportion of preterm births increased over time (34.5% vs 43.1%) whereas the percentage of low birthweight twins decreased but not significantly (54.3% 51.6%). In this study, changes in maternal age, parity, educational level, sex of pairs, qualification of the physician, and level of care available at the hospital of birth, did not account for the decrease in neonatal mortality rates among twins. The increase in the frequency of caesarean sections seemed to explain only a small proportion of the decrease in the neonatal mortality rate among second twins. In the second as well as in the first period, the neonatal mortality rate for twins was six times higher than that for singletons.

scholarly journals Infant mortality rates according to socioeconomic status in a Brazilian city

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Zubaran Goldani ◽  
Marco Antonio Barbieri ◽  
Heloisa Bettiol ◽  
Marisa Ramos Barbieri ◽  
Andrew Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Area

OBJECTIVE: Data from municipal databases can be used to plan interventions aimed at reducing inequities in health care. The objective of the study was to determine the distribution of infant mortality according to an urban geoeconomic classification using routinely collected municipal data. METHODS: All live births (total of 42,381) and infant deaths (total of 731) that occurred between 1994 and 1998 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, were considered. Four different geoeconomic areas were defined according to the family head's income in each administrative urban zone. RESULTS: The trends for infant mortality rate and its different components, neonatal mortality rate and post-neonatal mortality rate, decreased in Ribeirão Preto from 1994 to 1998 (chi-square for trend, p<0.05). These rates were inversely correlated with the distribution of lower salaries in the geoeconomic areas (less than 5 minimum wages per family head), in particular the post-neonatal mortality rate (chi-square for trend, p<0.05). Finally, the poor area showed a steady increase in excess infant mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that infant mortality rates are associated with social inequality and can be monitored using municipal databases. The findings also suggest an increase in the impact of social inequality on infant health in Ribeirão Preto, especially in the poor area. The monitoring of health inequalities using municipal databases may be an increasingly more useful tool given the continuous decentralization of health management at the municipal level in Brazil.

scholarly journals Neonatal mortality and child health in a remote rural area in Nepal: a mixed methods study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000519
Author(s):  
Bindu Kumari Karki ◽  
Guenter Kittel
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Remote Rural Area

ObjectiveTo assess neonatal and under-five mortality and the health situation for children in Dolpa, a remote rural area of Nepal.Study designMixed methods: quantitative (retrospective cross sectional) and qualitative (semistructured interviews).RationaleProgress in reducing child and newborn mortality in Nepal has reached the remote areas to a limited extent. Furthermore, there may be substantial under-reporting and data may be unreliable.Setting and participantsThe population of Dolpa district is approximately 35 000. We visited 10 randomly selected villages (plus one settlement) with approximately 12 000 inhabitants.MethodologyRecords of the number of deliveries, neonatal and under-five deaths were collected. 100 children (10 different villages) were evaluated for common diseases present during the month prior to the investigation. 20 interviews were conducted about the cultural perceptions of neonatal death and morbidity; in each village at least one interview was undertaken.ResultsThe population of the 10 villages (plus one settlement) under investigation was 12 287. 300 deliveries have taken place during the last 12 months before the study. There were 30 children reported to have died; out of those 20 were in the neonatal period. This reflects an estimated neonatal mortality rate in Dolpa district of 67/1000 live births (95% CI 41-101/1000) and an estimated under-five mortality rate of 100/1000 (95% CI 70-140/1000). In the previous month, out of 100 children surveyed there had been 11 cases of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), 7 cases of diarrhoea, 3 cases of isolated malnutrition and 5 cases of malnutrition combined with ALRI or diarrhoea.Based on qualitative interviews traditional beliefs still play a major role, and are partly a hindrance to progress in health. There is also mistrust in the health services and misconceptions about ‘modern’ medicine and treatment facilities.ConclusionDespite progress in child morbidity and mortality in Nepal, some areas remain underserved by health services and neonatal mortality is far above the Nepalese average, which is 29/1000 live births. There is a substantial need to increase and train health staff. Health promotion should be encouraged but cultural perceptions have to be understood if positive behavioural change is to be achieved.

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