scholarly journals Geography of world water consumption: state, dynamics, prospects

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
River Flow ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Factor ◽  
The One

The lack of fresh water is becoming the one of the most threatening challenges to mankind. It is pertinent to solve the problem of finding ways to overcome the impending danger. The features of the allocation of water resources and their use in the modern world are considered. Based on correlation analysis it is shown a relatively high correlation between the population and water resources, on the one hand, and volumes of water consumption, on the other, in the context of different world parts, and the absence of such correlation in the context of individual countries of the world. It describes the state and dynamics of world industrial, communal and domestic water consumption. There are calculations on the forecast of the state of water resources, taking into account the increasing volume of their exploitation, irrevocable water losses and pollution of water sources. It shows that the dynamics of their use leads to a threatening water management imbalance on a global scale. The measures taken toupgrade the water supply systems for population and economy will not lead to an improvement of the situation. It is necessary to find ways of solving the problem on the international level, including organizational, political, economic, and technical aspects. One of such ways is to improve the water consumption territorial structure on a planetary scale based on the strengthening importance of the water factor in the organization of industrial and, in particular, agricultural production. Conclusions: the water factor should become decisive in determining the economic specialization of countries within the framework of the international division of labor. The second way includes the extension of the practice of inter-basin redistribution of river flow with the creation of interregional and international zones of unified water consumption with the appropriate water management complexes.

scholarly journals WATER RESOURCES OF THE RUSSIAN‐KAZAKHSTAN TRANSBOUNDARY REGION AND THEIR USE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-86
Author(s):  
I. D. Rybkina ◽  
Zh. T. Sivokhip
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Consumption Structure

Aim. The study is aimed at examining the regional specifics of using water resources in the Russian‐Kazakhstan transboundary region, taking the current hydroclimatic situation into account.Methods. Statistical data on the availability and use of water resources in the regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan served as the initial data for the study. A comparative assessment of water supply was carried out applying traditional procedures widely used in Russia and abroad. The following indicators of water use efficiency were used: volumes of circulating and re‐sequential water supply (million m3), water losses during transportation (million m3) and water intensity of the gross regional product (GRP).Results. It was found that, over the past 20 years, a significant transformation of the water consumption structure has taken place in the studied regions. In the Russian regions, the most serious transformation of the consumption structure occurred in the agricultural sector. A comparative assessment of water supply suggests that most regions within the Russian‐Kazakhstan transboundary territory are characterized by relatively high levels of water availability.Main conclusions. The results indicate a significant impact of socio‐economic transformations in the Russian‐Kazakhstan region on the structure of water consumption, water supply, as well as indicators of water resource efficiency. The current water management problem consists in guaranteed provision of the population and economy with fresh water under the conditions of the spatio‐temporal variability of the river flow. Thus, the integrated management of water resources within the Russian‐Kazakhstan transboundary region should be based on improving the effi‐ ciency of water use in all sectors of the water economy, taking modern hydroclimatic changes into account. 

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE POLTAVA REGION WATER SUPPLY COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
O. Stepova ◽  
T. Hakh ◽  
L. Tiahnii
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Water Management Complex ◽  
Polluted Waters

Assessment of the state and rationality of the operation of the water management complex (WMC) of the Poltava region is an extremely relevant study of the present, since the WMC was created in the 60s-70s of the last century and actively provides the sectors of the economy and the population with water resources. The study aim is to assess the water resource potential as the basis for the functioning of the water-chemical complex, to determine the levels of technogenic impact on the water resource potential. A review of the sources was carried out using the Google Scholar database by filtering for the period from 2010 to 2021 and mainly revising publications on numerous samples related to monitoring and control of the state of the water management complex of the Poltava region. According to the official report of 2019, the rivers Dnieper, Psel, Sukhoi Omelnik, Uday received an assessment: slightly polluted waters, the Vorskla and Orzhitsa rivers are moderately polluted waters. The main ingredients responsible for the low water ratings as of 2019 are phosphate ions, manganese, as well as nitrite nitrogen, total iron and BOD5. The manganese content was measured in three rivers, and the average estimate ranged from 5.8 in the Psel River to 11.85 in the Vorskla River. According to the Regional Office of Water Resources in the Poltava region, in 2019, 109.8 million m3 were withdrawn from the natural water bodies of the Poltava region, namely underground water bodies, which is 4.6 million m3 less than in 2018 (or 4.0 %), including 69.83 million m3 (which is 3.29 million m3 or 4.5 % less than in 2018). However, the total water intake in the region over the past 10 years has decreased by 2.2 times. A positive trend is that all discharges occur at treatment facilities of housing and communal services. There is no discharge of return water without treatment into surface water bodies of the Poltava region; however, within the boundaries of settlements there is a discharge of under-treated municipal wastewater and runoff from the urbanized territory. Consequently, balancing water use is possible by introducing waterless, low-water and water-saving technologies in all sectors of the economy, maximum use of water in recycling water supply systems; replacement of physically and morally worn out water supply and water protection equipment, etc.

Water Governance and Management in Indus Basin - Challenges & Threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marium Sara Minhas Bandeali
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The State ◽  
Indus Basin

Water governance and management are important challenges for the River Indus Basin in Pakistan. Water governance refers to social, political and economic factors that influence water management. The water scarcity and water security are a major concern for the state to control its water resources. The study aims to give Sindh water policy by exploring the challenges to Indus Basin in managing water resources and to identify opportunities Indus Basin can look to improve water management. Interviews were conducted from water experts and analysts having 5 years’ experience or more in the water sector of Pakistan through a semi-structured self-developed questionnaire using purposive sampling technique and transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The findings show that increasing population, climatic change and rising demand of water are major challenges Indus is facing and Indus with time is getting water-scarce therefore need strong institutions, civil society and legislatures to ensure equitable distribution of water and maintain the ecosystem. The study emphasizes that water governance and management are necessary for sustainable use of water. Pakistan, the water stress country needs to address ‘governance’ at a wider scale to solve problems in the Indus Basin for the livelihood of people. The research will benefit the state, water experts, institutions as well as civil society to promote efficient use of water in Indus Basin.

scholarly journals Global Water Crisis: Concept of a New Interactive Shower Panel Based on IoT and Cloud Computing for Rational Water Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4081
Author(s):  
Adrian Czajkowski ◽  
Leszek Remiorz ◽  
Sebastian Pawlak ◽  
Eryk Remiorz ◽  
Jakub Szyguła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Essential Resource

The present paper describes the problem and effects of water scarcity and the possibility of rational use of this resource in the idea of a Circular Economy (CE) and sustainable development. Rational water management requires innovation, due to the growing demand for this raw material. It seems that water is widely available, e.g., in Poland, there is no problem with drought. Unfortunately, Polish water resources are shrinking and modern solutions, as well as the construction of new and modernisation of old infrastructure, are some of the few solutions that can protect against a shortage of potable water. Water is also an essential resource for economic development. It is used in every sector of the economy. Limited water resources lead to an inevitable energy transformation because, in its present state, the Polish energy industry consumes huge amounts of water. Due to the above statements, the authors propose a solution in the form of an interactive shower panel that contributes to more rational water management (e.g., in households or hotels) based on the latest technological achievements. This device enables the creation of water consumption statistics based on accurate liquid flow measurements and the transfer of data to the user’s mobile device. This innovation aims to make the user aware of the amount of water used, which in turn can contribute to lower water consumption.

A step forward toward the high-resolution assessment of virtual water flows at the company’s scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena De Petrillo ◽  
Marta Tuninetti ◽  
Francesco Laio
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
The State ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Final Consumer

<p>Through the international trade of agricultural goods, water resources that are physically used in the country of production are virtually transferred to the country of consumption. Food trade leads to a global redistribution of freshwater resources, thus shaping distant interdependencies among countries. Recent studies have shown how agricultural trade drives an outsourcing of environmental impacts pertaining to depletion and pollution of freshwater resources, and eutrophication of river bodies in distant producer countries. What is less clear is how the final consumer – being an individual, a company, or a community- impacts the water resources of producer countries at a subnational scale. Indeed, the variability of sub-national water footprint (WF in m<sup>3</sup>/tonne) due to climate, soil properties, irrigation practices, and fertilizer inputs is generally lost in trade analyses, as most trade data are only available at the country scale. The latest version of the Spatially Explicit Information on Production to Consumption Systems model  (SEI-PCS) by Trase provides detailed data on single trade flows (in tonne) along the crop supply chain: from local municipalities- to exporter companies- to importer companies – to the final consumer countries. These data allow us to capitalize on the high-resolution data of agricultural WF available in the literature, in order to quantify the sub-national virtual water flows behind food trade. As a first step, we assess the detailed soybean trade between Brazil and Italy. This assessment is relevant for water management because the global soybean flow reaching Italy may be traced back to 374 municipalities with heterogeneous agricultural practises and water use efficiency. Results show that the largest flow of virtual water from a Brazilian municipality to Italy -3.52e+07 m<sup>3</sup> (3% of the total export flow)- comes from Sorriso in the State of Mato Grosso. Conversely, the highest flow of blue water -1.56e+05 m<sup>3</sup>- comes from Jaguarão, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, located in the Brazilian Pampa. Further, the analysis at the company scale reveals that as many as 37 exporting companies can be identified exchanging to Italy;  Bianchini S.A is the largest virtual water trader (1.88 e+08 m<sup>3</sup> of green water and 3,92 e+06 m<sup>3</sup> of blue water), followed by COFCO (1,06 e+08 m<sup>3</sup> of green water and 6.62 m<sup>3</sup> of blue water)  and Cargill ( 6.96 e+07 m<sup>3</sup> of green water and 2.80 e+02 m<sup>3</sup> of blue water). By building the bipartite network of importing companies and municipalities originating the fluxes we are able to efficiently disaggregate the supply chains , providing novel tools to build sustainable water management strategies.</p>

Water Resources Management

2014 ◽  
pp. 180-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The State ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Partnership Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter explores grassroots interventions by forging partnerships with stakeholders in improving the management of water resources at the community level. In order to gain insight into the nuances of managing water resources in partnership, a pilot study was instituted in the State of Rajasthan, India. The efficacy of the partnership approach in ensuring equitable water management is demonstrated. The analysis is supported by data collected through the administration of a questionnaire for five different stakeholders. The impact of the intervention reiterates the positive social, economic, and environmental outcomes in a more sustainable manner.

scholarly journals Information technologies implementation for reducing water losses in water supply systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Dmitry Serov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Russian Water ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

The article discusses the elements of an automated system for collecting, storing and transmitting data on water consumption, modern metering devices, data collection and transmission devices. The author analyzes the shortcomings of existing accounting and analysis automation systems at Russian water utilities. A comprehensive approach to automated systems in the field of water consumption accounting is proposed. The article considers the experience of the State unitary enterprise “Vodokanal of Saint Petersburg” in the sphere development and application of a single automated complex for diagnostics, monitoring and management of the water supply network. The goals and main functions of the complex are revealed, the main stages and results of its implementation are presented.

scholarly journals Water Consumption in the Belarusian Woodland

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Recycling Systems

The paper presents the results of researches of the Belarusian Woodland water consumption over the period from 2000 to 2015. We have made a conclusion about relatively low effectiveness of the water resources use and have shown the necessity of rational water consumption due to introduction of water-saving techniques, water recycling systems, as well as minimization of water losses during transportation.

Use of land in a water fund in modern conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
K.I. Ryzhova ◽  
V.M. Mandzyk
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional System

The article deals with issues of management and financial support land use water resources Ukraine in terms of decentralization. It was established that one of the obstacles to decentralization in Ukraine is the lack of necessary funding infrastructure upgrades lands of water fund. The necessity of reforming the institutional system of water use on the lands of water fund, through the implementation of new institutional forms of economic development, water resources, focused on the water and agricultural needs of communities. In particular, they provide for the establishment of partnerships between the state and private enterprise entities and ensure diversification of investment water management and protection projects.

Water Resources Management

2016 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The State ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Partnership Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter explores grassroots interventions by forging partnerships with stakeholders in improving the management of water resources at the community level. In order to gain insight into the nuances of managing water resources in partnership, a pilot study was instituted in the State of Rajasthan, India. The efficacy of the partnership approach in ensuring equitable water management is demonstrated. The analysis is supported by data collected through the administration of a questionnaire for five different stakeholders. The impact of the intervention reiterates the positive social, economic, and environmental outcomes in a more sustainable manner.

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