scholarly journals Reaction of eosinophilic granulocytes of guinea pigs airways to the experimental allergic inflammation according to the morphometric study

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
S. S. Popko
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Eosinophilic Inflammation ◽  
Pulmonary Acinus ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulocytes

Background. After creating an animal model of experimental airways allergic inflammation using ovalbumin, scientists mainly studied the reaction of the cellular and humoral links of the acquired specific immunity. At the same time, it is known that the development of allergic inflammation of the airways to the effect of the environmental chemoattractants is primarily the result of the local innate immune system response. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells of the airway epithelium with the help of neuropeptides activate the secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 by type 2 innate lymphoid cells IL-5 determines the eosinophilic inflammation. The question of the reaction of the components of innate immunity of the respiratory tract to the allergic inflammation in most aspects remains open. open. Objective. The purpose of the current study was to define the reaction of eosinophilic granulocytes in guinea pigs lungs as an important component of the innate immunity of the respiratory tract to experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation according to the data of a morphometric study. Methods. Histological, morphometric, statistical methods were used to study the topographic features and the number of eosinophils in the lungs of male 48 guinea pigs on the 23rd, 30th, 36th and 44th days after initiation of the experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. Results. Our study demonstrates a significant reaction occurs on the part of the cellular link of innate immunity, which consists in the activation of eosinophils, in the experimental model of ovalbumin-induced airways allergic inflammation. The most significant changes were observed in the distal parts of the intrapulmonary airways and in the structures of the pulmonary acinus in the early period of the development of the inflammatory process (23rd and 30th days after the start of the experiment). The late (36th and 44th days after the start of the experiment) period of the development of an allergic inflammatory process in the lungs is accompanied by a gradual decrease in the activity of eosinophilic inflammation. At the same time, the quantitative indicators remain statistically significantly higher in the intact and control groups, which indicates the continuation of allergic inflammation in the absence of the action of the allergen and is a manifestation of the violation of the recovery and adaptation processes in the local immune system of the lung. Conclusion. After ovalbumin-sensitization and aeroallergization eosinophilic inflammation develops in the lungs of a guinea pig, as a result of the reaction of the innate immunity to the action of an allergen. Actively and first of all, allergic eosinophilic inflammation develops in the distal airways (terminal bronchioles) and in the connective tissue stroma of the pulmonary acinus.

scholarly journals Innate Immunity of the Lung: From Basic Mechanisms to Translational Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 487-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Hartl ◽  
Rabindra Tirouvanziam ◽  
Julie Laval ◽  
Catherine M. Greene ◽  
David Habiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Pulmonary Immune System ◽  
Barrier Zone ◽  
Key Pathways

The respiratory tract is faced daily with 10,000 L of inhaled air. While the majority of air contains harmless environmental components, the pulmonary immune system also has to cope with harmful microbial or sterile threats and react rapidly to protect the host at this intimate barrier zone. The airways are endowed with a broad armamentarium of cellular and humoral host defense mechanisms, most of which belong to the innate arm of the immune system. The complex interplay between resident and infiltrating immune cells and secreted innate immune proteins shapes the outcome of host-pathogen, host-allergen, and host-particle interactions within the mucosal airway compartment. Here, we summarize and discuss recent findings on pulmonary innate immunity and highlight key pathways relevant for biomarker and therapeutic targeting strategies for acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Dynamics of quantitative changes of diffuse lymphoid tissue cells of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
S.S. Popko ◽  
V.M. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. There is a progressive increase of respiratory allergic diseases nowadays in the world, made it necessary to study the participation of the components of the immune system in these processes. From the point of view of modern aspects about the organs of the immune system, interesting are the patterns of morphogenesis and function of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue, occupied a special place in the immunological protection of the body due to the large area of contact with various antigens. Morphogenesis and reactive changes in the local immunity in respiratory system in conditions of allergic inflammation remain urgent issue of modern morphology. Objective. To study the changes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. Methods. We have studied the lung of 48 guinea pigs, using histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, assessed the average number of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells in the diffuse lymphoid tissue. Results. The average number of lymphocytes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs increased from the 23rd day of observation and remained at a high level until the end of the experiment, the maximum was during the early period of the development of allergic inflammation, the increasing coefficient was 4.7. The average number of plasma cells also acquired maximum elevation in the early period of allergic process, the increasing coefficient was 2.0. The most significant average number of macrophages was on the 23rd day of observation with same increasing coefficient. Among all types of immunocompetent cells of diffuse lymphoid tissue in bronchi and lungs, T-lymphocytes prevailed during the experiment elevated almost by 5 times. Conclusions. In the early period of development of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, the specific resistance of the respiratory system manifests itself in the form of activation of local links of cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, as evidenced by the dynamics of changes in the average number of lymphocytes (the maximum increasing coefficient 4.7 in the 1st experimental group), macrophages and plasma cells (maximum increasing coefficient 2.0 in the 1st experimental group) of diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs.

scholarly journals Morphfological changes in the membranes of the trachea of guinea pigs in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways.

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
M.V. Aksamytieva ◽  
S.S. Popko ◽  
V.M. Evtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Chicken Egg

Background. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of allergic diseases of the respiratory organs, especially in children. The predictor of the further development of bronchial asthma is sensitizing at an early age to the allergens of chicken egg. The use of new knowledge about the allergenic components of the chicken egg will predict the risks and clinical features of the disease. Despite the importance, the problem of morphogenesis of allergic inflammation of the wall of the trachea is not sufficiently studied, so far many issues are not found in morphology and require further research. Objective.The aim of the study is to establish morphological changes in the tracheal membranes in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways of guinea pigs. Methods. The thickness of tracheal wall of 48 male guinea pigs was investigated by histological, morphometric, statistical methods on the twenty-third, thirty-sixth, thirty-sixth and forty-fourth days after the initiation of the experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways. Results. We have found, that maximum statistically significant thickening is shown in the late period of tracheal mucosa in 2 times on the 44th day of observation and tracheal submucosa in the 3rd experimental group on the 36th day of observation (increasing coefficient 2) compared to the control. However, the thinning of tracheal submucosa is observed in the early period of the inflammatory process on the 23rd and 30th day of observation. It has been proved, that the allergic inflammation of the tissues of the trachea caused by the sensitization and allergization of ovalbumin leads to the change in the thickness of layers of trachea in the chronobiological aspect. Conclusion. On the 23rd and 30th days of the experiment, thinning of tracheal mucosais observed due to damage of epithelial cells. Thickening of tracheal mucosa and submucosa was found in the third and fourth groups of observation (late period of allergic inflammation) compared with animals of the intact group and the control group due to an increase in the area of loose connective tissue, which is a consequence of the continuation of the allergic inflammatory process in the trachea after the end of the experiment.

OCCURRENCE OF THE RISKS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO THE CHEMICAL FACTORS OF THE EXPOSURE OF ALUMINA REFINERY- ASSOCIATED BUSINESS ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Zemlianova ◽  
I.V. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Chronic Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Alumina refineries are among the leading sources of atmospheric air pollution with a wide range of pollutants hazardous to human respiratory organs. It is relevant to study and evaluate the occurrence of the risks for development of respiratory diseases in children living in the area affected by the emission components of an alumina refinery. We assessed air quality of the area under observation and comparison according to monitoring observations, risk of non-carcinogenic effects from the respiratory organs. The content of chemicals in the blood and urine adequate to risk factors was quantified. The structure of individual groups of respiratory diseases was analyzed. The causal relationships of violations of laboratory parameters with an increased content of chemicals in biological media were evaluated. It was found that an aerogenic exposure of chemical pollutants is formed on the territory with the production of metallurgical alumina. It determines the risk for development of respiratory diseases, exceeding an acceptable level up to 49.9 times. In the exposed children, the content of manganese, chromium, nickel, copper, xylenes, formaldehyde and aluminum, fluoride ion in the urine was increased to 4.2 times in relation to the indices in the comparison group. A high level of additional respiratory morbidity(1.8 times) was revealed. Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of the nasopharynx and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (up to 6.6 times more often), inflammatory diseases with a predominance of the mechanism of allergic inflammation ( up to 2.1 times more often)are more often detected in the framework of the respiratory diseases. Negative effects on the part of the respiratory system in the form of activation of antioxidant processes, the development of an inflammatory reaction, local, general and specific sensitization of the respiratory tract were established. It confirms the occurrence of the risks for the development of respiratory diseases in children in the exposure area of the chemical factors of alumina refinery-associated economic activity.

Effects of Some Malian Medicinal Plants on the Respiratory Tract of Guinea-pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1299-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. OCCHIUTO ◽  
R. SANOGO ◽  
M. P. GERMANO ◽  
A. KEITA ◽  
V. D'ANGELO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Guinea Pigs

scholarly journals Replication and Transmission of the Novel Bovine Influenza D Virus in a Guinea Pig Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (23) ◽  
pp. 11990-12001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chithra Sreenivasan ◽  
Milton Thomas ◽  
Zizhang Sheng ◽  
Ben M. Hause ◽  
Emily A. Collin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Sentinel Animals

ABSTRACTInfluenza D virus (FLUDV) is a novel influenza virus that infects cattle and swine. The goal of this study was to investigate the replication and transmission of bovine FLUDV in guinea pigs. Following direct intranasal inoculation of animals, the virus was detected in nasal washes of infected animals during the first 7 days postinfection. High viral titers were obtained from nasal turbinates and lung tissues of directly inoculated animals. Further, bovine FLUDV was able to transmit from the infected guinea pigs to sentinel animals by means of contact and not by aerosol dissemination under the experimental conditions tested in this study. Despite exhibiting no clinical signs, infected guinea pigs developed seroconversion and the viral antigen was detected in lungs of animals by immunohistochemistry. The observation that bovine FLUDV replicated in the respiratory tract of guinea pigs was similar to observations described previously in studies of gnotobiotic calves and pigs experimentally infected with bovine FLUDV but different from those described previously in experimental infections in ferrets and swine with a swine FLUDV, which supported virus replication only in the upper respiratory tract and not in the lower respiratory tract, including lung. Our study established that guinea pigs could be used as an animal model for studying this newly emerging influenza virus.IMPORTANCEInfluenza D virus (FLUDV) is a novel emerging pathogen with bovine as its primary host. The epidemiology and pathogenicity of the virus are not yet known. FLUDV also spreads to swine, and the presence of FLUDV-specific antibodies in humans could indicate that there is a potential for zoonosis. Our results showed that bovine FLUDV replicated in the nasal turbinate and lungs of guinea pigs at high titers and was also able to transmit from an infected animal to sentinel animals by contact. The fact that bovine FLUDV replicated productively in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts of guinea pigs, similarly to virus infection in its native host, demonstrates that guinea pigs would be a suitable model host to study the replication and transmission potential of bovine FLUDV.

scholarly journals The neuropeptide receptor NMUR-1 regulates the specificity of C. elegans innate immunity against pathogen infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Wibisono ◽  
Shawndra Wibisono ◽  
Jan Watteyne ◽  
Chia-Hui Chen ◽  
Durai Sellegounder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Functional Assays

A key question in current immunology is how the innate immune system generates high levels of specificity. Like most invertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans does not have an adaptive immune system and relies solely on innate immunity to defend itself against pathogen attacks, yet it can still differentiate different pathogens and launch distinct innate immune responses. Here, we have found that functional loss of NMUR-1, a neuronal GPCR homologous to mammalian receptors for the neuropeptide neuromedin U, has diverse effects on C. elegans survival against various bacterial pathogens. Transcriptomic analyses and functional assays revealed that NMUR-1 modulates C. elegans transcription activity by regulating the expression of transcription factors, which, in turn, controls the expression of distinct immune genes in response to different pathogens. Our study has uncovered a molecular basis for the specificity of C. elegans innate immunity that could provide mechanistic insights into understanding the specificity of vertebrate innate immunity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Air Pollution on the Immune System

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Acquired Immunity

Air pollution has become a serious problem, the pollutant mainly came from industrial and vehicle exhaustion will harm people’s bodies to a different extent, cause lots of diseases like asthma, and cardiovascular disease. The system protects us are also be damaged by pollutant entering the tissue barrier, harm to immune cells and regulate cytokine secretion. This essay is mainly focused on the particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide effect on the immune system from the innate immunity to the acquired immunity, and how the immune system defense.

scholarly journals Innate immunity and the pneumococcus

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin K. Paterson ◽  
Tim J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
First Line ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Made In

The innate immune system provides a non-specific first line of defence against microbes and is crucial both in the development and effector stages of subsequent adaptive immune responses. Consistent with its importance, study of the innate immune system is a broad and fast-moving field. Here we provide an overview of the recent key advances made in this area with relation to the important pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus).

scholarly journals Вміст фактора некрозу пухлин α і трансформуючого фактора росту β1 у сироватці крові хворих на гострий апендицит та абдомінальний туберкульоз

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Akimova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Process

Introduction. Differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis with abdominal tuberculosis is аn urgent problem of medicine. Тhe immune system is involved іn the pathogenesis of diseases, and cytokines are the regulators of inflammation.The aim of the study – to determine the level of cytokines with the pro- and anti-inflammatory potential of TNFα and TGFβ1 and their correlation in the blood of patients with acute appendicitis and abdominal tuberculosis in order to improve diagnosis and treatment tactics. Research Methods. 51 patients with urgent abdominal pathology were examined, 21 of them with phlegmonous form of acute appendicitis, 30 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. The content of TNFα и ТGFβ1 in serum was examined by the ELISA method by the reagents “Diaclone” and “DRG Diagnostic”.Results and Discussion. The results of studies have shown that the development of acute and chronic inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity is determined by activation of the macrophage-monocytic system, manifested by a significant increase in the serum level of TNFα. It was established that in patients with abdominal tuberculosis on the background of increased serum level of TNFα ((17.57±1.05) vs. (4.97±0.18) pg/ml) the TGFβ1 level does not differ from the control ((16.52±1.15) vs. (17.94±0.71) ng/ml) at that time, as with acute appendicitis, its level decreased ((11.32±0.65) vs. (17.94±0.71) ng/ml). ТGFβ1/TNFα ratio during the abdominal inflammation was much lower than control, but in abdominal tuberculosis in 1.5 times higher than in acute appendicitis.Conclusions. The serum level and ratio of monocyte-macrofage derived TNFα and ТGFβ1 determines the type of inflammation and may be useful in differential diagnostic of acute appendicitis and abdominal tuberculosis.

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