scholarly journals Dynamics of pathomorphological changes of ultrastructural organization of intervertebral disc at different terms of experimental opioid influence and with its cancellation

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
M.V. Pankiv ◽  
Z.Z. Masna ◽  
I.V. Chelpanova ◽  
O.V. Dudok ◽  
M.Ye. Kovalska
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Extensive Cell ◽  
The Difference

Background. Patients with degenerative diseases of the spine - "difficult patients". Often, exhausted by long-term pain, they have a dependence, and sometimes tolerance to various analgesics, which greatly reduces the effectiveness of routinely used in the hospital anesthesia. Objective. The aim of our work was to study the features of pathomorphological manifestations of the structural components of the intervertebral disc at different terms of opioid influence and at the difference at the ultrastructural level in the experiment. Methods. The material of the study were sexually mature, white, nonlinear rats - males in the amount of 90 hundred animals, weighing 92 - 103 g, aged 4.5 months. Animals were injected with Nalbuphine at home, once daily for one day (10-11 am) for 42 days. The initial dose of Nalbuphine was 8 mg / kg during the first week, 15 mg / kg during the second week; 20 mg / kg during the third week; 25 mg / kg during the fourth week; 30 mg / kg during the fifth week and 35 mg / kg during the sixth week of the experimental opioid effect. Thus created the conditions for chronic opioid exposure. Intervertebral discs of rats were used as material for ultrastructural study. Results and conclusion. As a result of our study, we found that at the end of 21 days we found the progression of alternative changes in the cellular elements of the gelatinous nucleus, characterized by the development of necrotic changes in notochondral cells, as well as chondroptosis of chondrocytes. Preserved notochondral cells were rarely visualized. In some places, there were notochondral cells in which the nucleus disintegrated into separate fragments filled with heterochromatin, and the remains of organelle membranes were localized in the enlightened cytoplasm. Pronounced destructive changes were found in chondrocytes. After 28 days, the changes progressed, this was manifested by the fact that in the pulpal nucleus there were extensive cell-free zones filled with a significant amount of granular intensely osmophilic mass. Notochondral cells and most chondrocytes underwent necrotic changes. After 35 days at the ultrastructural level revealed pronounced changes in the structural elements of the gelatinous nucleus and fibrous ring. Extensive cell-free zones were localized in the gelatinous nucleus, with a somewhat compacted matrix in which an intensely osmophilic fine-grained deep mass accumulated. With the abolition of opioid exposure at the end of 56 days, we found pronounced changes in notochondral cells and in the vast majority of chondrocytes. The matrix of the gelatinous nucleus was compacted, it showed thickened collagen fibrils. Most of the cellular elements of the gelatinous nucleus were at different stages of necrosis, and some chondrocytes - chondroptosis. Vacuoles filled with enlightened contents also appeared in the cytoplasm. The nucleus was compacted, condensation of chromatin was observed. In such areas, the fibrils of collagen fibers were loose, stratified, disintegrated and lysed.

scholarly journals A májfunkció romlásának rizikófaktorai sikeres vesetranszplantációt követően

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Bernadett Borda ◽  
Attila Nemes ◽  
Csaba Lengyel ◽  
Tamás Várkonyi ◽  
Ferenc Rárosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Allograft Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Introduction: Increase of liver function is one of the most common complications after kidney transplantation due to the use of immunosuppressive therapy and hyperlipidemia in addition to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Method: Following the selection criteria (n = 59), the study is based on applied immunosuppressive therapy, baseline data of patients, further correlation between HCV and liver function deterioration. Patients were subjected to fasting laboratory examination to monitor serum electrolytes, uric acid and albumin levels. We looked at the effects of immunosuppressive therapy on the lipids (TG, TC, HDL, LDL) and liver enzymes (GOT, GPT, ALP, GGT). The analysis of the relationship between lipids and liver enzymes was also included in our study. Results: The data basics were not significantly different between the tacrolimus and the cyclosporine groups. In the laboratory results, Mg levels were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.044). The impact of HCV on the liver function was significantly different on GGT (p = 0.008). We examed the lipids and liver function level between the tacrolimus and the patients receiving cyclosporine-based immunosuppression and the total cholesterol (p = 0.005) and GOT (p = 0.05) were significantly different between the two groups. Hyperlipidemia was associated with 26% of patients taking tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, and 89% of those receiving cyclosporine; the difference was significant (p = 0.002). Regarding the effect of hyperlipidemia on liver enzymes, ALP (p = 0.006) and GGT (p = 0.0001) were significantly higher. Conclusion: Increases in hepatic enzymes, ALT and GGT indicate the damage to hepatocytes. Beside the increase of liver function, which is the main risk factor in hepatitis on HCV soil, the applied immunosuppressive therapy and hyperlipidemia lead to degradation of allograft function and long-term graft loss. Orv hetil. 2019; 160(5): 186–190.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of reflex-pain syndromes in patients with herniated intervertebral disc before surgical decompression

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1(2)) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Ye. B. Kolotov ◽  
A. A. Lutsik ◽  
A. V. Mironov ◽  
S. V. Yelagin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
Surgical Decompression ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Herniated Intervertebral Disc

To upgrade the results of surgical treatment in patients operated on for gerniated intervertebral disk the reflex-pain syndromes of spondylarthrosis and osteohondrous was studied. Before surgical treatment alcohol-novocain blockades have been used to perform denervation of intervertebral discs and joints. The reflex-pain syndromes was evoked by solution injection and then arrested by alcohol-novocain injection. Clinical outcome in long-term period after surgical treatment became good in 89% (p < 0.05) on cervical spine and in 84% (p < 0.05) lumbar.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of the lumbar intervertebral disc via T2 shows excellent long-term reliability

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249855
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Belavy ◽  
Patrick J. Owen ◽  
Gabriele Armbrecht ◽  
Martin Bansmann ◽  
Jochen Zange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Lower Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Methodologies for the quantitative assessment of the spine tissues, in particular the intervertebral disc (IVD), have not been well established in terms of long-term reliability. This is required for designing prospective studies. 1H water T2 in the IVD (“T2”) has attained wider use in assessment of the lumbar intervertebral discs via magnetic resonance imaging. The reliability of IVD T2 measurements are yet to be established. IVD T2 was assessed nine times at regular intervals over 368 days on six anatomical slices centred at the lumbar spine using a spin-echo multi-echo sequence in 12 men. To assess repeatability, intra-class correlation co-efficients (ICCs), standard error of the measurement, minimal detectable difference and co-efficients of variation (CVs) were calculated along with their 95% confidence intervals. Bland-Altman analysis was also performed. ICCs were above 0.93, with the exception of nuclear T2 at L5/S1, where the ICC was 0.88. CVs of the central-slice nucleus sub-region ranged from 4.3% (average of all levels) to 10.1% for L5/S1 and between 2.2% to 3.2% for whole IVD T2 (1.8% for the average of all levels). Averaging between vertebral levels improved reliability. Reliability of measurements was least at L5/S1. ICCs of degenerated IVDs were lower. Test-retest reliability was excellent for whole IVD and good to excellent for IVD subregions. The findings help to establish the long-term repeatability of lumbar IVD T2 for the implementation of prospective studies and determination of significant changes within individuals.

scholarly journals Aging and degeneration of the intervertebral disc: review of basic science

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josemberg da Silva Baptista ◽  
Ricardo Bragança de Vasconcellos Fontes ◽  
Edson Aparecido Liberti
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Soluble Cell ◽  
The Difference

<p>Currently there is a growing interest in the study of intervertebral discs due to loss of manpower brought to society by low back and neck pains. These papers seek to delineate the difference between normal aging and disc degeneration, trying to understand what factor would be determining for the second condition. Thus, the morphology field was expanded and knowledge on the structure of intervertebral discs currently uses the research field of cell and molecular biology, and genetics. The results indicate that regardless of age or condition, the intervertebral disc undergoes long and extensive remodeling of its constituents, which are influenced by several factors: environmental, soluble, cell growth and extracellular matrix. In this literature review we describe the biological characteristics of the cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc with a focus on basic science of aging and degeneration, selecting the latest findings and discussions of the area, which influence future research and clinical thoughts.</p>

Factors Affecting the Results of Surgery for Prolapsed Lumbar Intervertebral Disc

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. S. Marshall ◽  
J. Schorstein
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operative Results ◽  
Reliable Indication ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Results Of Surgery

The clinical and operative findings in 320 patients with prolapsed lumbar intervertebral discs are described. The level of the lesion was correctly predicted on clinical grounds in 70 per cent of cases, but no single sign was found to be a reliable indication of the level. Prolapsed discs at 2 levels were found in 10 per cent of patients and it is suggested that both the L4/5 and the L5/S1 spaces should always be explored at operation. The long-term post-operative results are presented in 214 of the patients. Excellent results were obtained in 68 per cent of patients, good results in 14 per cent, poor results in 9 per cent and bad results in 8.5 per cent. Operation was less successful in patients over 40 years of age, in heavy manual workers, and in those with continuous sciatica for more than 1 year. It is suggested that a readiness to operate at an earlier stage in resistant cases would significantly improve the results of surgery.

scholarly journals Dynamics of pathomorphological changes in the structural organization of the intervertebral disc at the end of the seventh and fourteenth day of experimental opioid exposure at the ultrastructural level

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 427-437
Author(s):  
M. V. Pankiv ◽  
Ye. V. Paltov ◽  
Z. Z. Masna ◽  
I. V. Chelpanova ◽  
M. Ye. Kovalska
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dibutyl Ether ◽  
Spine Pathology ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

In general, the modern literature pays attention to the issues of spine pathology and intervertebral discs. A significant percentage of vertebral disorders - scoliosis, osteochondrosis, spinal disc herniation, etc., occur as a result of exposure to various factors and manifest in changes of the intervertebral discs. The aim of our work was to study at the ultrastructural level the features of pathomorphological manifestations in the structural components of the intervertebral disc at the end of the seventh and fourteenth days of experimental opioid exposure. Materials and methods of research. The objects of the study were 32 sexually mature, white, male rats, weighing 92 - 103 g, aged 4.5 months. Animals were injected with nalbupine intramuscularly once daily (at 10-11 a.m.) for 14 days. The initial dose of nalbuphine was 8 mg/kg during the first week, 15 mg/kg during the second week. It created the conditions of chronic opioid exposure. Before sampling, the animals were withdrawn from the experiment using dibutyl ether. Intervertebral discs of rats were used as a material for ultrastructural study. Ultrastructural specimens were prepared according to the accepted methods. The results of the study. As a result of the sampling after 7 days of opioid exposure we found inhomogeneous osmiophilicity and compaction of the nucleus pulposus matrix in which intensively accumulated osmiophilic grains of glycogen proteoglycans, increased the number of collagen fibers, some of them were heterogeneous. It was also noted the development of moderate degenerative changes in some notochondral cells, which was accompanied by increased vacuolization of the cytoplasm by inhomogeneous compaction of the nucleus and an increase of heterochromatin there. After 14 days necrotic changes in the cells of the nucleus pulposus, as well as the destruction of collagen fibers of the annulus fibrosus were found. In particular, an increase in the amount of heterochromatin in the nucleui of notochondral cells, which was accompanied by a decrease in the volume of the nucleui and inhomogeneous swelling of the cytoplasm. Active fibroblasts were often visualized in the annulus fibrosus. Intense osmiophilicity and thickening of collagen fibers of the annulus fibrosus were observed in some areas of the fibrous ring. Focal destruction of collagen fibers was also noted. In the areas of destruction the fibrils of collagen fibers disintegrated into an inhomogeneous fine-grained stratified mass and were located loosely. Conclusions. At the end of the first week we found that the cytoplasmic processes of chondrocytes decreased in volume, shortened, underwent fragmentation and destruction, some of them detached from the surface of the plasmolemma. At the end of the second week signs of opioid exposure progressed and manifested by an increase in the destruction of cytoplasmic processes in chondrocytes. Also focal destruction of collagen fibers was noted.

scholarly journals Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 inhibits human disc nucleus pulpous cells apoptosis induced by excessive hydrogen peroxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 986-991
Author(s):  
Hao Lin ◽  
Yingxin Wang ◽  
Kaipeng Jing ◽  
Tingrui Wu ◽  
Yanru Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Negative Feedback Regulation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ antioxidant response element (ARE) is a novel defensive pathway involved in the oxidative and chemical stress of cells. The aim of the study was to explore the role of Nrf2 on the apoptosis of human disc nucleus pulpous cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). METHODS The degeneration model of human intervertebral disc nucleus pulpous cells was established. The expression of Nrf2 was interfered with using sulforaphane (SFN); for that end, three groups were established: a blank group (H2O2-/SFN-), control group (H2O2+/SFN-), and an experimental group (H2O2+/SFN+). CCK8, Hoechst 33258 living cell staining was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. RESULTS The apoptotic rates of the three groups were [(0.40±0.46)%], [(25.98±11.28)%], and [(3.83±2.06)%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The relative content of ROS in the three groups was [(100±7)%], [(1538±91)%], and [(818±63)%]; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). In Western blotting, Nrf2 content in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION Nrf2 exists in the nucleus pulpous cells of human intervertebral discs, which is related to the degeneration of the intervertebral disc. It has negative feedback regulation and can prevent the degeneration of the intervertebral disc by inhibiting the apoptosis of nucleus pulpous cells of human intervertebral discs caused by excessive ROS, which provides a new intervention strategy for the prevention and treatment of the degeneration of intervertebral discs.

‘Rumours of my death may have been greatly exaggerated’: a brief review of cell death in human intervertebral disc disease and implications for cell transplantation therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.E.B. Johnson ◽  
S. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Extensive Cell Death ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Extensive Cell ◽  
Cell Transplantation Therapy ◽  
Transplantation Therapy

The avascular nature of the human intervertebral disc is thought to reduce the ability of resident disc cells to maintain their extracellular matrix, rendering the tissue susceptible to degeneration. It has also been suggested that the lack of a blood supply may result in disc cell death via nutrient deprivation. Therefore transplanting new cells into the disc to promote tissue regeneration would be akin to ‘putting cells in a coffin’ and doomed to failure. This review considers the available evidence for cell death in the human intervertebral disc, describing briefly the methods used to assay such death, and concludes that further analysis is required to ascertain whether extensive cell death truly is a marked feature of human intervertebral discs and whether it bears any relationship to disc degeneration and hence regenerative strategies.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL ACHILLEA NOBILIS L. AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL INFLU-ENCE ON CHANGE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
El'vin Gadzhi ogly Karimli ◽  
El'dar Kochari ogly Kasumov ◽  
Siradzheddin Veli ogly Serkerov ◽  
Yusif Balakerim ogly Kerimov ◽  
Fuad Guseynali ogly Rzayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Cytoplasmic Structures

The component composition of the Achillea. nobilis essential oil, which grows in Azerbaijan, was studied for the first time by the gas-chromato-mass spectrometry method. In the essential oil, 35 components are identified, of which the predominant are artemisia ketone (23.706%), thujone 22.400%), 2-bornanone (6,367%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (6.321%), eucalyptol (4.507%), cubenol (3.317%), lavandulol (2.975%), β-thujone (2.933%), β-eudesmol (2.702%), methyl hinokiate (2.108%), terpinen-4-ol (1.715%), 1,2-longidione (1.313%), limonene-6-ol, pivalate (1.188%), neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate (1.120%), caryophyllene oxide (1.014%). The effect of A. nobilis essential oil on the ultrastructural organization of bacteria (S. aureus) was studied using transmission electron microscopy. It was revealed that under the influence of essential oil, a violation of the plasma permeability of the plasma membrane is observed, accompanied by diffusion of the fine-grained osmiophilic precipitate of the destroyed cytoplasmic structures, which leads to the loss of the layered structure of the wall elements and to a significant compaction of the matrix in comparison with the control preparations. The death of bacterial cells was observed with complete destruction of the integrity of all structures that make up their wall. Along with this, on ultrathin sections, focal accumulations of dead bacterial cells are found, surrounded by structurally changed elements of their walls. The remains of destructively altered fragments of CP are found on various parts of unseparated bacterial cells. All of the above shows that the essential oil of A. nobilis has a pronounced antibacterial activity.

Tem analysis of multiple-energy arsenic implanted and Rta'd silicon

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Device Fabrication ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
High Fluences ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Factor Type

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of ion-implanted Si is important for device fabrication. The defect structures of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 MeV As-implanted silicon irradiated to fluences of 2E14, 4E14, and 6E14, respectively, have been analyzed by electron diffraction both before and after RTA at 1100°C for 10 seconds. At such high fluences and energies the implanted As ions change the Si from crystalline to amorphous. Three distinct amorphous regions emerge due to the three implantation energies used (Fig. 1). The amorphous regions are separated from each other by crystalline Si (marked L1, L2, and L3 in Fig. 1) which contains a high concentration of small defect clusters. The small defect clusters were similar to what had been determined earlier as being amorphous zones since their contrast was principally of the structure-factor type that arises due to the difference in extinction distance between the matrix and damage regions.

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