scholarly journals Solvent used in extraction process of agarwood: a systematic review

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-737
Author(s):  
F. Zakaria ◽  
B.A. Talip ◽  
E.E.M. Kahar ◽  
N. Muhammad ◽  
N. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Extraction Solvents ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The method of extraction of Agarwood is usually dependent on the purpose of the extract. This systematic review aims to look at the number of studies that use different types of solvents in the process of extraction. There are 3 types of solvents commonly used in the extraction of agarwood essential oils namely methanol, ethanol and water. Each solvent produces different extracts in terms of quantity and quality of the final product. However, there is controversy over the use of solvents as it may cause a cytotoxic effect on the user. Another common type of solvent is water. Although water is a cheap solvent and relatively safe, aqueous extracts have more impurities that make isolating the desired compound difficult. After the extraction process, the crude extract was fractionated into the desired compounds and this technique is widely applied, especially in the whole process of extraction of the agarwood. In conclusion, extraction solvents have certain advantages and disadvantages, and this is one of the reasons why this extraction method depends on the purpose of using the final product such as agarwood essential oil.

scholarly journals 3DP Printing of Oral Solid Formulations: A Systematic Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara R. M. Brambilla ◽  
Ogochukwu Lilian Okafor-Muo ◽  
Hany Hassanin ◽  
Amr ElShaer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a recent technology, which gives the possibility to manufacture personalised dosage forms and it has a broad range of applications. One of the most developed, it is the manufacture of oral solid dosage and the four 3DP techniques which have been more used for their manufacture are FDM, inkjet 3DP, SLA and SLS. This systematic review is carried out to statistically analyze the current 3DP techniques employed in manufacturing oral solid formulations and assess the recent trends of this new technology. The work has been organised into four steps, (1) screening of the articles, definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and classification of the articles in the two main groups (included/excluded); (2) quantification and characterisation of the included articles; (3) evaluation of the validity of data and data extraction process; (4) data analysis, discussion, and conclusion to define which technique offers the best properties to be applied in the manufacture of oral solid formulations. It has been observed that with SLS 3DP technique, all the characterisation tests required by the BP (drug content, drug dissolution profile, hardness, friability, disintegration time and uniformity of weight) have been performed in the majority of articles, except for the friability test. However, it is not possible to define which of the four 3DP techniques is the most suitable for the manufacture of oral solid formulations, because the selection is affected by different parameters, such as the type of formulation, the physical-mechanical properties to achieve. Moreover, each technique has its specific advantages and disadvantages, such as for FDM the biggest challenge is the degradation of the drug, due to high printing temperature process or for SLA is the toxicity of the carcinogenic risk of the photopolymerising material.

Effects of exercise on patients with Down syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Benevides Barreto ◽  
Carolina dos Santos Freitas ◽  
Emili Gomes Henriques ◽  
Thalia Pereira Silva ◽  
Thalyta Márjory Fernandes Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Early Physical Therapy ◽  
Keywords Exercise

Patients with Down syndrome have a delay in neuropsychomotor development. For this reason, physiotherapy is indicated early, in order to stimulate motor activities and provide a better quality of life. To verify the effects of exercise on the quality of life of patients with Down syndrome. A non-systematic review was carried out through a search in the PEDro database, with randomized clinical trials, published between 2008 and 2019, using the following keywords: exercise down, down syndrome physiotherapy. Six studies were included for review. Strength increased with various exercises in the 5 studies in which it was evaluated. Three studies showed improved balance with the use of resistance, isokinetic and stabilization exercises. Two articles evaluated physical function, based on resistance exercises, and only one improved. One article assessed blood glucose, fat, cholesterol and blood pressure, but there were no significant differences. Exercise improves important aspects such as strength and balance, with different types of intervention for patients with Down syndrome, reinforcing the importance of early physical therapy.

Study on Technical Disclosure in Construction Based on BIM

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 1698-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xu ◽  
Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Construction Simulation ◽  
Modeling Technology ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Unique Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Specific Implementation

The importance of technical disclosure in construction of project is described and the necessity of application of BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology used in technical disclosure is analyzed correspondingly. Many actual cases of technical disclosure in construction used BIM technology in our company with its application are discussed subsequently. The results show that the BIM technology can simplify the procedures of technical disclosure on the construction phase, and multi-software work together based on BIM provides a guidance for different types of projects. Many advantages of BIM such as construction simulation, 3D roaming can improve the quality of technical disclosure. Finally, recommendations and requirements for the specific implementation of BIM on the construction phase are proposed: the BIM model for technical disclosure is the most unique model in the entire life cycle; the locally refined extent is much more than the final completion model, which should be paid more attention to in the whole process of program development when BIM implemented.

scholarly journals The Association between Green Space and Adolescents’ Mental Well-Being: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijun Zhang ◽  
Suzanne Mavoa ◽  
Jinfeng Zhao ◽  
Deborah Raphael ◽  
Melody Smith
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This systematic review summarised and evaluated the evidence for associations between green space and adolescents’ mental well-being. The PRISMA statement guidelines were followed for reporting systematic reviews. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Synthesis suggests beneficial associations between green space exposure and reduced stress, positive mood, less depressive symptoms, better emotional well-being, improved mental health and behaviour, and decreased psychological distress in adolescents. Several studies found the relationship varied by demographic and socio-economic factors. The limited number of studies and the risk of bias were the main limitations, together with heterogeneity regarding green space and mental well-being assessments. Overall, this review highlights the potential contribution of green space in schoolyards. Improving the availability, accessibility and quality of green space is likely to generate positive impacts on adolescents’ mental well-being. More consistent evidence on the use of different types of green space and perceptions of features are needed in the future.

scholarly journals The Impact of Autoantibodies on IVF Treatment and Outcome: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Simopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos Sfakianoudis ◽  
Evangelos Maziotis ◽  
Sokratis Grigoriadis ◽  
Polina Giannelou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Central Database ◽  
The Impact

The role of autoantibodies in in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been discussed for almost three decades. Nonetheless, studies are still scarce and widely controversial. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive systematic review on the possible complications associated to autoantibodies (AA) impeding the chances of a successful IVF cycle. An Embase, PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Central Database search was performed on 1 December 2018, from 2006 until that date. From the 598 articles yielded in the search only 44 relevant articles ultimately fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively analyzed. Five subsets of results were identified, namely, thyroid related AA, anti-phospholipid antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies, AA affecting the reproductive system and AA related to celiac disease. It may be implied that the majority of auto-antibodies exert a statistically significant effect on miscarriage rates, whereas the effects on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates differ according to the type of auto-antibodies. While significant research is performed in the field, the quality of evidence provided is still low. The conduction of well-designed prospective cohort studies is an absolute necessity in order to define the impact of the different types of autoantibodies on IVF outcome.

A Study about Optimal Design for Preform Injection Mold for 3-Stage Injection Blowing System Using Finite Element Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Tae Il Seo ◽  
Byeong Uk Song ◽  
Yong Seok Lim
Keyword(s):  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Injection Mold ◽  
Cooling Channels ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Process Simulations ◽  
Conventional Cooling

This paper presents a series of injection process simulations for blow molding preforms by using MoldFlow. The injection-blowing system was used and this consists 3 stages on the same machine; (1) preform injection, (2) blowing and (3) ejection. The quality of preform injection process is an important factor that can dominate the whole process efficiency. The injection mold system consists of 10 cavities and a hot runner system. The hot runner system has 10 cavities and temperature of each cavity can be independently controlled. Through several filling analyses, suitable temperature of each gate was determined so that all cavities could be simultaneously filled. Weld lines on the bottom of preforms were predicted. This fact can be an important aspect because preforms will be blown. To improve cooling efficiency, ''Floody Cooling Type" channels were applied. Conventional cooling channels were straight-line types and then distances between cooling channels and cavities cannot be uniformed. Floody cooling type channels were uniformly placed around cavities as far as possible. To compare two different types of cooling channels, cooling tests of MoldFlow were carried out and certain advantages of floody cooling type channels were evaluated.

Effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
D R Gunjawate ◽  
R Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Present Systematic Review ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Abstract Objective The present systematic review aimed to explore the published literature on the application of yoga and meditation for tinnitus. Method A systematic search was carried out to identify the eligible studies exploring the effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Studies on the application of yoga and meditation on tinnitus were identified following a three-step screening process by both the authors independently. A mixed-methods appraisal tool was used to perform the quality appraisal of the included studies. Results Five studies were shortlisted and included in the present review. Four studies had used different types of yoga and pranayama, while one used relaxation therapy. Three studies concluded that there were positive effects of yoga on tinnitus, such as a reduction in severity, stress, anxiety and irritability associated with tinnitus and improved quality of life. Conclusion This review highlights the application of yoga and meditation in management of tinnitus along with regular otological and audiological treatment options. Furthermore, there is a need to have more randomised controlled trials in this area to evidence the effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus empirically.

scholarly journals Confounding factors in using upward feedback to assess the quality of medical training: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anli Yue Zhou Zhou ◽  
Paul Baker
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Upward Feedback ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Pro Forma

Purpose: Upward feedback is becoming more widely used in medical training as a means of quality control. Multiple biases exist, thus the accuracy of upward feedback is debatable. This study aims to identify factors that could influence upward feedback, especially in medical training. Methods: A systematic review using a structured search strategy was performed. Thirty-five databases were searched. Results were reviewed and relevant abstracts were shortlisted. All studies in English, both medical and non-medical literature, were included. A simple pro-forma was used initially to identify the pertinent areas of upward feedback, so that a focused pro-forma could be designed for data extraction. Results: A total of 204 articles were reviewed. Most studies on upward feedback bias were evaluative studies and only covered Kirkpatrick level 1-reaction. Most studies evaluated trainers or training, were used for formative purposes and presented quantitative data. Accountability and confidentiality were the most common overt biases, whereas method of feedback was the most commonly implied bias within articles. Conclusion: Although different types of bias do exist, upward feedback does have a role in evaluating medical training. Accountability and confidentiality were the most common biases. Further research is required to evaluate which types of bias are associated with specific survey characteristics and which are potentially modifiable.

scholarly journals Types of screening tools used to identify potential inappropriate medication in the geriatric

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwah Y. Abdullah ◽  
Majed M. Alomari ◽  
Ali N. AlNihab ◽  
Maha S. Alshaikh ◽  
Maryam A. Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Medication Appropriateness Index ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Different Types

Inappropriate intake of medications can increase the risk of many morbidities and mortality among the geriatric population. Therefore, assessment of drug underuse, overuse, and inappropriate use has been an area of interest across the different investigations, and according to which, different screening tools were developed to identify these problems and enhance the quality of care to these patients. In the present study, we aim comprehensively discuss the different types of currently reported screening tools that can identify potentially inappropriate medication in the geriatric population. Studies show that assess, review, minimize, optimize, reassess (ARMOR), and medication appropriateness index (MAI) tools are the most commonly reported for this purpose to appropriately evaluate drug administration practices. However, they are time-consuming and need adequately trained personnel, which might not be available within the different settings. Accordingly, we suggest that more than one tool should be used, as we have reviewed all the advantages and disadvantages of the modality within the current study, to adequately facilitate and make the process of evaluation easy and enhance the quality of care for the geriatric population.

scholarly journals Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence in Patients with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10213
Author(s):  
Elke Loots ◽  
Eva Goossens ◽  
Toke Vanwesemael ◽  
Manuel Morrens ◽  
Bart Van Rompaey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Improve Medication Adherence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Family Based

Adherence to prescribed medication regimes improves outcomes for patients with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness among interventions to improve medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. Literature published in the last decade was searched for interventions studies to improve adherence in patients with schizophrenia or a bipolar disorder. Interventions were categorised on the basis of type, and the context and effectiveness of the interventions were described. Two review authors independently extracted and assessed data, following criteria outlined by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The GRADEPro (McMaster University, 2020, Ontario, Canada) was used for assessing the quality of the evidence. Twenty-three publications met the selection criteria. Different types of interventions aiming to improve adherence were tested: educational, behavioural, family-based, technological, or a combination of previous types. Meta-analysis could be performed for 10 interventions. When considered separately by subgroups on the basis of intervention type, no significant differences were found in adherence among interventions (p = 0.29; I2 = 19.9%). This review concluded that successful interventions used a combination of behavioural and educational approaches that seem easy to implement in daily practice.

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