scholarly journals O mapa das hepatites virais no Acre: entre territórios e territorialidades

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2339
Author(s):  
Cleilton Sampaio De Farias ◽  
Ricardo Antunes Dantas de Oliveira ◽  
Maurício R. M. P. da Luz
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
High Incidence

As hepatites virais são doenças causadas por vírus distintos (A, B, C e D), que têm em comum o acometimento particularmente forte do fígado humano. Objetivou-se mapear a distribuição das hepatites virais no Acre, no período de 2010 a 2014, por meio de dois indicadores. Esse mapeamento foi associado a proposições para explicar seus territórios, suas territorialidades e suas territorializações, sendo respectivamente os locais de maior ocorrência, as relações históricas e sociais que causaram essas enfermidades e a formação desses territórios. Em vista de tudo isto, as hepatites virais se territorializaram historicamente no Acre, possivelmente favorecidas por aspectos inadequados de vigilância epidemiológica, ligados com o controle de outras endemias que assolavam os municípios. Estes fatores, associados com as condições socioeconômicas e ambientais, com a desigualdade de renda, de escolaridade e de desenvolvimento humano desses espaços, permitiram que as relações que proporcionam a infecção e a transmissão dessas doenças fossem passadas de geração para geração. Esse processo resultou em territórios que apresentam, além de muitos casos notificados altas taxas de incidências como em Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Branco, Tarauacá e Assis Brasil. The map of viral hepatitis in Acre: between territories and territorialities A B S T R A C TViral hepatitis are diseases caused by distinct viruses (A, B, C and D), which have in common the particularly strong involvement of the human liver. The objective of this study was to map the distribution of viral hepatitis in Acre between 2010 and 2014, using two indicators. This mapping was associated with propositions to explain their territories, their territorialities and their territorializations, being respectively the places of greatest occurrence, the historical and social relations that caused these diseases and the formation of these territories. In view of all this, viral hepatitis were historically territorialized in Acre, possibly favored by inadequate aspects of epidemiological surveillance, linked to the control of other endemic diseases that devastated the municipalities. These factors, associated with socioeconomic and environmental conditions, income inequality, schooling and human development of these spaces, allowed the relations that provide the infection and the transmission of these diseases were passed from generation to generation. This process resulted in territories that have, in addition to many cases reported high incidence rates such as Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Branco, Tarauacá and Assis Brasil.Keywords: Viral hepatitis, Map, Territories, Acre.

scholarly journals Incidence Of Diarrheal Infections In Ukraine: Epidemiological Peculiarities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Malysh ◽  
Oksana Chemych ◽  
Roman Rodyna ◽  
Inna Chorna ◽  
Svitlana Doan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Background : Diarrheal infections remain relevant for many countries of the world. The processes of globalization, fundamental changes in nutrition and water consumption contributed to the fact that the significance of individual infection sources, etiological structure of diarrheal infections changed. Purpose of the study: on the background of the analytical study of the incidence of diarrheal infections in Ukraine under the current conditions, to determine the factors influencing epidemic situation. Methods: The reports of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Main Administrations of Statistics in Kharkiv, Odesa, Zaporizhia oblasts for 2011-2018 are used in the paper. Epidemiological and statistical research methods are applied. Results: The epidemic situation with diarrheal infections in Ukraine is characterized by a low incidence of typhoid fever (from 0.012 to 0.14 per 100 thousand people), shigellosis (from 1.97-6.13 per 100 thousand people), stable incidence rates without the downward trend, salmonellosis (from 17.35 till 24.1 per 100 thousand people), high incidence of diahrreal infections of specified etiology (from 115.5 to141.9 per 100 thousand people) and diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology (from 69.76 to 107.02 per 100 thousand people). The most complicated epidemic situation is observed in economically most developed regions of the country. Most diarrheal infectionsoutbreaks are connected with catering establishments 36.5 % and with children educational establishments 26.1 %. In the region with the highest shigellosis and salmonellosis incidence direct strong correlation relationships are established between the incidence and population, density, natural population movement. The oblasts with the highest diahrreal infections of specified etiology, rotaviral enteritis, diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology incidence are at least provided with water resources and have problems with provision of high-quality drinking water. There is a need to improve the system of epidemiological surveillance over diarrheal infections by extension of the indicators of microbiological study of drinking water quality in the regions of Ukraine, where high diahrreal infections of specified etiology, rotaviral enteritis, diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology incidence is registered; by increasing frequency of food item inspections in the oblasts, where mediana shigellosis and salmonellosis incidence exceeds the average one in Ukraine. Keywords: diarrheal infections, shigellosis, salmonellosis, rotaviral enteritis.

Epidemiology of viral hepatitis infections in an area of southern Italy with high incidence rates of liver cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Fusco ◽  
Enrico Girardi ◽  
Pierluca Piselli ◽  
Raffaele Palombino ◽  
Jerry Polesel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
High Incidence

Ergonomic Evaluation of California Winegrape Trellis Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 1162-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Kato ◽  
Fadi A. Fathallah
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Worker Health ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Physically Demanding Work

The winegrape industry suffers from high incidence rates of work related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Pruning of dormant vines requires long periods of highly repetitive and physically demanding work that increases risk for MSDs. The purpose of this study is to quantify risk factors associated with the development of musculoskeletal injuries to the wrist and lower back while pruning five commonly used winegrape trellis systems. Eleven subjects (10 male, 1 female) participated in this study. Subjects performed a simulated pruning task as wrist and trunk postures and psychophysical data were gathered. The results showed significant differences among the trellis systems. Compared to the other systems, the vertical shoot positioned (VSP) was determined to be most optimal in terms of decreasing relative MSD risk. These results will assist vineyards in selecting suitable trellis systems that may improve worker health.

scholarly journals Relationship between epidemiologic surveillance with geo-climatic variables during Zika outbreak in Guerrero State, Mexico 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4656
Author(s):  
Abel Jimenez-Alejo ◽  
Ewry A. Zárate-Nahón ◽  
María L. Sampedro-Rosas ◽  
Sergio García-Ibáñez ◽  
José L. Rosas-Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Influence

Background: Zika like dengue and chikungunya represent public health problems. Cases of ZIKV infection are emerging in the Americas, from Argentina spread until Brazil and Colombia, later entry to Mexico and managed to establish itself in most of the states.Methods: The cases (2016-2017) of epidemiological surveillance of the first outbreak of Zika in Guerrero were used. The incidence rates (IR) for each municipality were estimated (cases/100 000 inhabitants) to develop the first maps at the municipal and state level; which aimed to explore the relationship between Zika cases and geo-climatic variables.Results: At January 3, 2017 in Guerrero State [epidemiological week (SE) 52 of the year 2016] were reported 861 confirmed ZIKV cases (10.06% of total registered cases at federal level). Guerrero State it was placed within the six states with the largest number of cases: Veracruz (1967), Yucatan (1284), Nuevo Leon (844), Chiapas (804) and Oaxaca (507); concentrated 73.26% (6 267/8 554) of the country's cases. In this study we identified the geo-environmental factors associated with ZIKV occurrence in each municipality of the Guerrero State: very high rain (1201-1460 mm), low elevation (2-398 masl) and high population density (≥62071 inhabitants/km2).Conclusions: This study represents the first approach to Zika outbreak in Guerrero State. Although tests of spatial nature are not presented; the maps presented show how the characteristics by region have high influence and that the most affected areas were the coastal areas: Acapulco, Small Coast and Big Coast.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Contamination by Potentially Toxic Metals: A Case Study in the Vicinity of an Abandoned Pyrite Mine

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Tingting Ma ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Peter Christie ◽  
Yongming Luo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Central China ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
High Incidence

Abandoned mining areas can display soil and water pollution and also a high incidence of endemic diseases. Here, based on preliminary results on mental retardation and high incidence rates of cancers, we investigate the contamination status and potential ecological risk at an abandoned pyrite mine located in Xianju village, Hubei province, central China. The study focused on the three potentially toxic metals As, Pb, and Zn and four other common elements, including Ca, Fe, S, and Se. Soil samples were collected from 12 sites and leachate seeping from five sites. Leachates were strongly acidic compared to the soil, with pH values <3.22. Soil As and Se concentrations exceeded the Chinese Grade II standards for soil environmental quality (GB 15618-2009) (30 and 3 mg·kg−1, respectively), ranging from 33.6 ± 0.7 to 78.2 ± 1.0 mg As·kg−1 dry matter (DM) and 5.3 ± 0.8 to 17.1 ± 1.4 mg Se·kg−1 DM. Arsenic, Fe, Se, and S in leachates all exceeded the Chinese Grade III standard for surface water environmental quality (GB 3838-2002) (0.1, 0.3, 0.03, and 1.0 mg·L−1). The potential ecological risks from Pb and Zn in soils were low, but As in soils and leachates represented a moderate or strong risk to children according to the Nemerow index and hazard quotient. Soil replacement combined with further remediation measures is required to remediate the contaminated area.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and factors associated with Leptospira infection in an urban district of Cali, Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Escandón-Vargas ◽  
Lyda Osorio ◽  
Miryam Astudillo-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Few studies have addressed Leptospira seroprevalence and risk factors in urban populations in Colombia. This study aimed to determine seroprevalence and factors associated with Leptospira infection in inhabitants of an urban district of Cali, Colombia. We collected sociodemographic and environmental data, as well as blood samples, from 353 subjects selected through a multistage cluster sampling design. We performed microagglutination test for the eight main Leptospira serogroups circulating in the region, considering a cut-off titer of ≥ 1:100. Most participants were female (226, 64.8%), with mean age 41.4 years, and 89 (32.6%) lived in low-low socioeconomic stratum (SES-1). Overall seroprevalence was 12.2% (95%CI: 10.3%-14.4%). Factors associated with Leptospira infection were SES 1, older age, single marital status, ethnic groups (Afro-Colombian and white/mestizo), school students, absence of toilet, barefoot walking, travel outside Cali in the previous month, and absence of skin and mucous-membrane lesions in the previous month. Our study suggests domestic and peridomiciliary transmission of Leptospira likely related to activities of daily living and inadequate environmental conditions. SES-1 is a major factor associated with Leptospira infection (adjusted OR = 4.08; 95%CI: 2.54-6.53; p < 0.001), suggesting that social and environmental conditions are key elements for endemicity of Leptospira infection in the study area. Epidemiological surveillance, improvement of environmental and sanitary conditions in various SES-1 areas, and community educational campaigns are recommended.

scholarly journals Herpes zoster: Epidemiological Features of the Incidence in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
A. N. Kaira ◽  
V. F. Lavrov
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The urgency of the problem of herpes zoster (shingles) consists in its wide distribution in the world, high incidence rates in a significant part of the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as the severity of complications caused by this infection.The aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of herpes zoster in Russia.Materials and methods. Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of herpes zoster in the Russian Federation was conducted using official statistics.Results and discussion. In 2019, in a number of administrative divisions of the Russian Federation, there was a poor epidemic situation associated with the incidence of herpes zoster. In some regions, the incidence rates were significantly higher than the national average, and the elderly were the most vulnerable. It turned out that the existing methods of prevention of herpes zoster, aimed mainly at promoting a healthy lifestyle and hygienic education of the population, do not bring the desired results, and the incidence of herpes zoster (secondary VZV infection) remains high.Conclusions. The analysis of the incidence of herpes zoster during the reporting period demonstrates the need for constant statistical accounting of the spread of this infection on the territory of Russia, actualizes the conduct of full-fledged epidemiological surveillance and the organization of a system of preventive measures, which should be based on the development, production and practical application of a domestic vaccine against herpes zoster.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis in the municipality of São Luís, 2008–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Coelho Vivekananda Meireles ◽  
Lívia Cristina Sousa ◽  
Wendel Alencar de Oliveira ◽  
Diana Maria Silveira da Silva ◽  
Vanise Frazão Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Congenital syphilis is a disease of great magnitude due to increasing numbers of new annual cases, affecting a large contingent of children, which translates into high incidence rates. The occurrence of syphilis cases evidences failures in health services, especially in prenatal care. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis in the municipality of São Luís. Methods: Descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Congenital syphilis data recorded in SINAN from 2008 to 2017 were used. Results: The detection rate in the municipality shows a continuous increase. A total of 1,060 cases of congenital syphilis were diagnosed in neonates, 1,017 (96.0%) after the first week of life. Regarding the final diagnosis of cases, it was observed that 967 (91.2%) were classified as early congenital syphilis. The predominant maternal age range was 20 to 34 years, corresponding to 743 cases (70.1%). Regarding access to prenatal care, 802 (75.6%) mothers underwent prenatal care, while 219 (20.66%) did not. Among those who received prenatal care, 352 (33.0%) were diagnosed with syphilis during prenatal care, 481 (46.0%) were diagnosed at the time of delivery/curettage, and 59 (5.0%) were diagnosed after childbirth. Regarding the treatment regimen during pregnancy, 736 (70.0%) received inadequate treatment, 95 (8.0%) received no treatment and 62 (6.0%) received adequate treatment. Conclusion: The study contributed to the identification of possible losses in the stages of such care, and in obtaining qualified information that will guide decision-making and planning of health actions, supporting the epidemiological surveillance work in guiding managers and health teams.

scholarly journals MARKOV CHAIN MODELING OF ENDEMIC CATTLE DISEASES IN THE TROPICS OF MEXICO

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
José Alfonso Barajas Rojas ◽  
Hans Riemann ◽  
Charles Franti
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Short Time

Endemic diseases measured by prevalence of IgG antibodies by ELISA all showed remarkably stable overall prevalences over a study period of 3 years. This however does not mean that incidence is low or absent. Observed transition from the state of being positive for a disease to the state of being negative and vice versa suggested fairly high incidence rates (and rates of waning antibodies) for all 19 disease agents tested for. In spite of this dynamic situation Markov Chain simulations indicate that a steady prevalence is reached in a fairly short time. Markov Chain simulations may also be useful in elucidating seasonal changes in prevalence.

scholarly journals Impact of the introduction of chikungunya and zika viruses on the incidence of dengue in endemic zones of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0009922
Author(s):  
Larissa Fernandes-Matano ◽  
Irma Eloisa Monroy-Muñoz ◽  
Hector Daniel Pardavé-Alejandre ◽  
Luis Antonio Uribe-Noguez ◽  
María de los Angeles Hernández-Cueto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Background With the arrival of chikungunya (CHIKV) and zika (ZIKV) viruses in Mexico, there was a decrease in diagnosed dengue virus (DENV) cases. During the first years of cocirculation (2015–2017), the algorithms established by epidemiological surveillance systems and the installed capacity limited us to one diagnostic test per sample, so there was an underestimation of cases until September 2017, when a multiplex algorithm was implemented. Therefore, the objective of this study was determine the impact of the introduction of CHIKV and ZIKV on the incidence of diagnosed DENV in endemic areas of Mexico, when performing the rediagnosis, using the multiplex algorithm, in samples from the first three years of co-circulation of these arboviruses. Methodology and principal findings For this, 1038 samples received by the Central Laboratory of Epidemiology between 2015 and 2017 were selected for this work. Viruses were identified by multiplex RT-qPCR, and the χ2 test was used to compare categorical variables. With the new multiplex algorithm, we identified 2.4 times the rate of arbovirosis as originally reported, evidencing an underestimation of the incidence of the three viruses. Even so, significantly less dengue was observed than in previous years. The high incidence rates of chikungunya and Zika coincided with periods of dengue decline. The endemic channel showed that the cases caused by DENV rose again after the circulation of CHIKV and ZIKV decreased. In addition, 23 cases of coinfection were identified, with combinations between all viruses. Conclusions and significance The results obtained in this study show for the first time the real impact on the detected incidence of dengue after the introduction of CHIKV and ZIKV in Mexico, the degree of underestimation of these arboviruses in the country, as well as the co-infections between these viruses, whose importance clinical and epidemiological are still unknown.

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