scholarly journals Qualidade da Água e Fluxo de Fósforo e Nitrogênio do Rio Paraíba do Meio (AL), durante o Ano Hidrológico de 2013.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Everson De Oliveira Santos ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Petter Medeiros ◽  
Rogério Da Silva Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The City ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation ◽  
Annual Charge

A qualidade da água é considerada um importante elemento no debate científico contemporâneo acerca da relação entre a sociedade e os recursos hídricos. A água possui uma relevância social, econômica, ambiental e, sobretudo vital, pois está relacionada intimamente a manutenção da vida no Planeta Terra. Contudo, mesmo diante dessa realidade, a degradação dos recursos hídricos é significativa. Desse modo, o presente artigo tem como objetivo estudar como a população alagoana tem contribuído para o processo de degradação ambiental do Rio Paraíba do Meio e, tal análise toma como base, para caracterização dos impactos ambientais, a concentração e fluxo da carga de nitrogênio e fósforo, dois importantes parâmetros químicos intimamente relacionados à qualidade da água. Este estudo tem relevância não apenas científica, mas, sobretudo, social, pois há uma carência desta tipologia de análise referente a bacia hidrográfica do rio em questão. Desse modo, a referida pesquisa vem a preencher uma lacuna em pesquisas sobre o Rio Paraíba do Meio. Foram realizadas coletas de amostras mensalmente durante o ano de 2013 e posteriormente feitas os procedimentos de análise de laboratório Os nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos (Amônia, Nitrito, Nitrato e Fosfato) e o Fósforo Total foram determinados segundo Carmouze (1994). O método de Strickland e Parsons (1972) foi utilizado para o cálculo das concentrações de nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos. Foi identificada alterações nos valores da concentração dos parâmetros químicos, estando os mesmos fora do padrão estabelecido pelo CONAMA. O processo de urbanização desordenado acabou por influenciar em tais alterações na qualidade da água. Water Quality and Phosphorus and Nitrogen Flow in the Paraíba do Meio River (AL), during the Hydrological Year of 2013 ABSTRACT Water quality is considered an important element in the contemporaneous scientific debate about the relation between society and hydric resources. Water has a social, economic, environmental, and overall vital relevance, for it’s intimately related to the maintenance of life on planet Earth. Nevertheless, even before this reality, the degradation of hydric resources is significative. Thereby, the following article of studying the degradation process of the Paraiba Meio River, in its portion in Alagoas (62% of the total), having as base, for the characterization of the environmental impacts, the concentration and flow rate of Nitrogen and Phosphorous. Thus the aforementioned research comes to fill a gap in research on the Paraiba Meio River. During 2013, samples were collected on a monthly basis, having its sampling region be the highway bridge (BR-316) in the city of Atalaia in Alagoas, with the decimal coordinates being: 9,596568; -36,007742. The previously mentioned hydrological year was characterized with a flow rate of 10,97 m3/s and an average annual precipitation of  62,5 mm. The average annual phosphorous flow of 2013 was 3715,713612 Kg, and the annual charge being 44588,56335 Kg. Alterations on the phosphorous concentration values have been identified, the same being outside of the pattern established by CONAMA, with a variation of 0,050 mg/L P and 0,250 mg/L P. The unorganized urbanization process influenced the alterations on the water quality, therefore Adequate Sanitation, for example, of the 16 cities belonging to the basin, only 50% of the sanitation, made on the areas that needed such constructions, in its total. In this perspective, when determined municipalities and their demographic density data are taken into consideration, to know: Palmeira dos Índios (AL): 155,44 hab./km², Cajueiro (AL): 164,24 hab./km² and Pilar (AL): 133,37 hab./km², with only 13,6%, 9,2% e 26,3% of sanitation, respectively, the conclusion is that the population contingency influences the significant existence of domestic effluences.Keywords: Human action, degradation, water resources.

scholarly journals Characterization of Sasar and Firiza Rivers Water Quality on Specific Toxic Pollutants Regime ( metals)

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana MARE ROȘCA ◽  
Lucia MIHALESCU ◽  
Zorica VOSGAN ◽  
Monica MARIAN ◽  
Anca DUMUTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Toxic Pollutants ◽  
Baia Mare ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

The Sasar River basin covers an area of 311 sq.km and it is situated in NW Romania. The investigated area is included, mainly, in the industrial area of the city of Baia Mare, an ar ea with ancient traditions related to the exploitation of non-ferrous ores. Therefore, the mining exploitation activities have created pressing conditions on the environmental and public health of the analyzed area.The dynamic indicators of water quality on specific toxic pollutants  ( metals )  for the period 19982007 were analyzed in three sections located upstream and downstream from the industrial centers of Baia Sprie and Baia Mare.The analyses of the dynamics of heavy metals in the waters of the Sasar River have found that, the main issues are high Pb and Cu indicators for the upstream section of Baia Sprie; as for the section downstream of Baia Mare, the Zn, Cd and Mn indicators are found in such concentrations that their values determine a high level of toxicity for the monitoring section.There is a clear reduction trend in specific toxic pollutants for the upstream section of Baia Sprie. Special problems continue to be reported for zinc, cadmium, manganese and lead, for the sections downstream of Baia Mare and upstream from the confluence of the Sasar and Firiza Rivers.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and microbiological characterization of the ground water across the city Bareilly (U.P.), India

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
D. R. Khanna ◽  
Shivom Singh ◽  
Neetu Saxena ◽  
R. Bhutiani ◽  
Gagan Matta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The City

The drinking water quality (underground water) of Bareilly city has been assessed by estimating physicochemical parameters and calculating Water Quality Index (WQI). Water Quality Index plays an important role in interpreting the information on water quality. The WQI of different sites shows that drinking water is of good quality. The correlation between different parameters was also estimated. During course of study the average value of physico-chemical parameters studied were observed as temperature 20.17 o C, turbidity 2.17 NTU, pH 8.13, electrical conductivity 1360 mmhos/cm, total dissolved solids 1218.9 mg/l, total hardness 515.0 mg/l chlorides 106.34 mg/l, alkalinity 342.15, fluorides 0.44 mg/l, sulphates 84.68 mg/l, nitrates 22.83 mg/l, DO 2.44 mg/l, BOD 1.26 mg/l. While average MPN were observed as 5.66 and average WQI as 21.48.

scholarly journals Gestión Sustentable De Riesgos Y Crisis En El Turismo Mexicano Y Latinoamericano Como Problema Estratégico Para La Seguridad De Los Destinos. Implicaciones Para Ciudad Juárez, México

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Manuel Ramón González Herrera ◽  
Mercedes de los Ángeles Rodríguez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The City ◽  
Management Of Risk

The integrated management of risk and crisis in tourism has recently been incorporated to scientific debate and therefore to the practical management; which is why concepts and procedures are required to gain efficiency and practical operational development. The aim of this study is to justify the sustainable management process of risk and crisis in Mexican and Latin American tourism as a strategy for the security of destinations, and identify the experiences that promote a better preparedness and planning of risk and crisis caused by insecurity in Ciudad Juarez. The results of this study demonstrate that the integrated management of risk and crisis on tourism is justified as a strategic problem for security in tourist destinations, as well as the necessity to have policy and institutional framework to manage tourism safety. Then as a learning experience, an analysis of crisis and management strategies related to unsafe destinations in Latin America and Mexico are presented. Finally, the strategic projection for the preparation and planning of tourism, facing risks and crisis caused by insecurity in Ciudad Juarez is proposed. This includes the characterization of the city as an insecure cross-border tourist destination, the formulation of the strategic problem, the development of the principles to form a Sustainable and Secure Tourism System, and the planning of action areas for short-term and longterm implementation.

Evaluation of Ground Water Quality For AL Shuwayja area –Wasit Provence Using GIS Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ali Nasser Hilo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Water Index ◽  
The City

The low level of water in rivers in Iraq leads to poor water quality, on that basis; we need to assess Iraq's water resources for uses of irrigation and drinking water. This study present a model accounts for ground water quality by using a water quality index (WQI) for the region defined between the city of Kut and the city of Badra in Wasit province. this study relies on a system of wells set up along the path through the Badra –Kut  and around it  up to 78 wells. The study showed poor quality of ground water in the region of study and it is unsuitability for irrigation and drinking water, as well as provided a solution to the water accumulated in the Shuwayja to reduce the bad effect on groundwater by using a system of branch and collection canals  then pumping at the effluent  of Al  Shuwayja in seasons of rainy season ..Water quality index calculated depend on the basis of various physic-chemical parameters as PH, Ec , TDS, TSS, Nacl , SO4 ,Na , and  Mg. The resultant and analytical are present with use of Arch GIS program – geostastical analysis for the water index and water quality parameters

Влияние экологического состояния водоисточника на режим работы водопроводных очистных сооружений

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bykova ◽  
I. Egorova ◽  
A. Strelkov ◽  
L. Talovyria ◽  
O. Nesterenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
The City

При изучении качества воды источника водоснабжения г. Самары Саратовского водохранилища особое внимание было уделено основным показателям, влияющим на выбор реагентной обработки: мутность, перманганатная окисляемость и цветность. Сезонные изменения качества воды водохранилища требуют постоянной корректировки дозы реагентов с целью достижения нормативных требований к качеству очищенной воды. Приводятся результаты производственных исследований изменения качества воды Саратовского водохранилища в створе водозаборов г. Самары за 20172019 годы по мутности, перманганатной окисляемости и цветности. В связи с аномальными температурными перепадами и наступлением осеннего паводка (конец декабря 2019 г. и январь 2020 г.) резко изменилось качество воды водохранилища по цветности и перманганатной окисляемости. Отмечено, что увеличение указанных показателей потребовало повышения дозы реагентов при очистке исходной воды. Оптимальная доза реагентов постоянно коректируется в зависимости от состава исходной воды на флокуляторе Lovibond ЕТ-750 . Регулярное проведение пробного коагулирования позволило поддерживать качество очищенной воды в соответствии с нормативными требованиями СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01 Питьевая вода. Контроль качества , кроме цветности и железа общего, так как превышение этих показателей наблюдалось в пределах погрешности методов измерения.While studying the water quality of the water source of the city of Samara the Saratov water reservoir, special attention was paid to the main indicators that influence the choice of chemical treatment: turbidity, permanganate index and color. Seasonal changes in the water quality of the water reservoir require constant adjustment of the chemical dose in order to meet the regulatory requirements to the quality of treated water. The results of the studies of changes in the water quality of the Saratov reservoir at the water abstraction points of the city of Samara for 20172019 by turbidity, permanganate index and color are presented. Due to the abnormal temperature differences and onset of autumn flood (end of December 2019 and January 2020), the water quality in the water reservoir dramatically changed in color and permanganate index. It was noted that an increase in these indicators required an increase in the dose of chemicals during the source water purification. The optimal dose of chemicals is selected with Lovibond ET-750 flocculator depending on the composition of the source water. Regular test coagulation allowed maintaining the quality of purified water in accordance with the regulatory requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Quality control , except for color and total iron since the values of these indicators were increased within the measurement accuracy.

Leading the City of Baltimore into the 21st Century: Flexible Treatment Solutions and Integrated Raw Water Management

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Manuszak ◽  
M. MacPhee ◽  
S. Liskovich ◽  
L. Feldsher
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
The City

The City of Baltimore, Maryland is one of many US cities faced with challenges related to increasing potable water demands, diminishing fresh water supplies, and aging infrastructure. To address these challenges, the City recently undertook a $7M study to evaluate water supply and treatment alternatives and develop the conceptual design for a new 120 million gallon per day (MGD) water treatment plant. As part of this study, an innovative raw water management tool was constructed to help model source water availability and predicted water quality based on integration of a new and more challenging surface water supply. A rigorous decision-making approach was then used to screen and select appropriate treatment processes. Short-listed treatment strategies were demonstrated through a year-long pilot study, and process design criteria were collected in order to assess capital and operational costs for the full-scale plant. Ultimately the City chose a treatment scheme that includes low-pressure membrane filtration and post-filter GAC adsorption, allowing for consistent finished water quality irrespective of which raw water supply is being used. The conceptual design includes several progressive concepts, which will: 1) alleviate treatment limitations at the City's existing plants by providing additional pre-clarification facilities at the new plant; and 2) take advantage of site conditions to design and operate the submerged membrane system by gravity-induced siphon, saving the City significant capital and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs. Once completed, the new Fullerton Water Filtration Plant (WFP) will be the largest low-pressure membrane plant in North America, and the largest gravity-siphon design in the world.

Survey of the Ecological State of Eight Man-Made Lakes Within the City Limits of Freiburg, Germany

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-310
Author(s):  
Agnes G. Pulvermüller ◽  
Heidulf E. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
The City ◽  
Oxygen Profiles

Abstract The survey of the ecological condition of eight lakes within the city limits of Freiburg included hydrochemical measurements and analyses (oxygen profiles, Secchi depth, pH, biochemical oxygen demand) together with biological parameters (chlorophyll a, phytoplanktonbiomass, Escherichia coli counts), as well as parasitic examinations. Only some of the investigated parameters are presented here. Seven of the eight lakes were found to be eutrophic. The process of eutrophication appears to be still in progress. One lake can be considered to be hypertrophic. Schistosome dermatitis was observed. The water quality in general was considered to be acceptable; suggestions to maintain or improve the water quality are made.

Radon removal by aeration: observations on testing, installation and maintenance of domestic treatment units

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475
Author(s):  
T. Turtiainen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Medium Flow ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Frequent Sampling

Radon is one of the contaminants that sometimes impair the water quality of wells, especially those drilled in bedrock. Domestic radon removal units based on aeration have been commercially available for more than ten years. In order to determine how effectively these units remove radon a new test protocol applying frequent sampling while letting 100 litres of water flow, was developed. This way, removal efficiencies can be more accurately calculated and possible malfunctions detected. Seven models of domestic aerators designed for removing radon from household water were tested. The aerators were based on diffused bubble aeration, spray aeration or jet aeration. The average removal efficiencies for 100 litres with a medium flow rate were 86–100% except for a unit that circulated the aerated water back to the well that had removal efficiency of 80% at the maximum. By conducting a questionnaire study usual problems related to the aeration units were localized and recommendations on maintenance and installation are given accordingly.

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