scholarly journals Efektivitas Modifikasi Perilaku Melalui Teknik Token Ekonomi Untuk Menurunkan Perilaku Conduct Disorder pada Remaja Putri

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Dini Rakhmawati ◽  
Fuad Nashori ◽  
Qurotul Uyun
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxiety Depression

There is a lot of research about the Conduct Disorders in male subjects, but research on the Conduct Disorders in female subjects relatively minimal. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effectiveness of behavior modification to reduce Conduct Disorders behaviour in adolescent girls using token economy techniques. Research conducted on a teenager who suffered Conduct Disorders antisocial types, female, 16 years old, had no formal education, have a level of intelligence below the average. With single-subject research design with ABA-type single-factor baseline, the reduction behavior seen from a comparison between the results of the test before and after the intervention. The results showed a decrease in the aspect of aggressive behavior (14 points), attention problems (11 points), deliquent behavior (10 points), withdrawn (10 points), social problems (5 points), anxiety/depression (4 points) , thought problems (1 point), and somatic complaints (0 points). Thus the behavior modification using token economy technique effective to decrease the Conduct Disorders in adolescent girls.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KARTU HURUF HIJAIYAH MENULIS PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI RA ATH-THOHA TASIKMALAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Fiani Nurafifah Ardin ◽  
Dian Indihadi ◽  
Taopik Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Research Findings

The main problem in this research is how the ability of children to write hijaiyah letters before and after using hijaiyah card media, is there any constraints on using hijaiyah card media in writing hijaiyah letters, is there any influence of hijaiyah letter cards on children's ability to write hijaiyah letters. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of children to write Hijaiyah letters before and after using hijaiyah letter media, to find out the constraints in using hijaiyah letter media in writing hijaiyah letters, the influence of hijaiyah letter media on children's ability to write hijaiyah letters. Letter cards are the use of a number of cards as a tool for learning to read by seeing and remembering the shape of letters. This research was conducted in RA Ath Thoha Cipedes Subdistrict, Panglayungan Village which aims to describe differences in the ability to write hijaiyyah letters in the control class and in the experimental class in children aged 5-6 years using hijaiyyah letter cards. Subjects in this study were children aged 5-6 years. This research uses a quantitative approach with the research method in Experimental Design. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires. The research findings show that from the results of data analysis the influence of the use of hijaiyyah letter media on early childhood writing skills in RA Ath Thoha Tasikmalaya. Permasalahan pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kemampuan anak menulis huruf hijaiyah sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media kartu huruf hijaiyah, adakah kendala penggunakan media kartu huruf hijaiyah dalam menulis huruf hijaiyah, adakah pengaruh media kartu huruf hijaiyah terhadap kemampuan anak menulis huruf hijaiyah. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan anak menuli huruf hijaiyah sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media kartu huruf hijaiyah, untuk mengetahui kendala dalam penggunaan media kartu hurufu hijaiyah dalam menulis huruf hijaiyah, adanya pengaruh media kartu huruf hijaiyah terhadap kemampuan anak menulis huruf hijaiyah. Kartu huruf adalah penggunaan sejumlah kartu sebagai alat bantu untuk belajar membaca dengan cara melihat dan mengingat bentuk huruf. Penelitian ini dilakuka di RA Ath Thoha Kecamatan Cipedes, Kelurahan Panglayungan yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbedaan kemampuan menulis huruf hijaiyyah di kelas kontrol dan dikelas eksperimen pada anak usia 5-6 tahun dengan menggunakan kartu huruf hijaiyyah. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen dengan rancangan eksperimen subjek tunggal (Single Subject Research) dengan menggunakan desain  A-B-A. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi.

scholarly journals MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KONSENTRASI ANAK ADHD (ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER) USIA 5 - 6 TAHUN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PERMAINAN EDUKATIF (APE) DAN BERBASIS MODIFIKASI PERILAKU

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Fri Corina Sandrawati ◽  
Martini Jamaris ◽  
Asep Supena
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children

The purpose of this research is to determine the improvement in concentration of ADHD children aged 5-6 years old using Educational Game Tool and based on behavior modification. This research was conducted at the PB Soedirman Islamic Kindergarten. The study was started in October 2018 with 1 study subject. Educational Game Tools which used is building blocks, playdough, puzzle and leggo. Meanwhile the research method used is Single Subject Research, where research is conducted in 3 phases which is Baseline 1 (3 sessions), Intervention (8 sessions) and Baseline 2 (3 sessions).The Qualitative data is obtained through observations using Observation Records.While the quantitative data obtained by comparing the average result score of the Baseline 1, Intervention and Baseline 2.The results of the study prove that the concentration of children with ADHD can be improved through intervention with educational game tools. This is proven by the average results of the total concentration ability score in Baseline 1 is 28.3, decreasing in the intervention phase to 21.75 and in the Baseline 2 phase becomes 20.33, which means the concentration ability of ADHD children is improving.This data is also supported by the lesson distracted focus frequency in the intervention phase and also an increase in theduration on task. The application of behavior modification techniques with prompt (verbal prompt, gestural prompt, physical prompt) and reinforcement (praise, thumbs, high fives) is proven to be an intervention that is able to support improving concentration in ADHD children.This prompt and reinforcement is the teacher's support which is manifested in his attitude to improve the concentration ability of ADHD children.   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan konsentrasi anak ADHD yang berusia 5 – 6 tahun dengan menggunakan Alat Permainan Edukatif dan berbasis modifikasi perilaku. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TK Islam PB Soedirman Jakarta Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2018 dengan 1 orang Subjek penelitian. Alat permainan edukatif  yang digunakan adalah balok, playdough, puzzle dan leggo. Sementara metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Single Subject Research, dimana penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 3 fase yaitu Baseline 1 (3 sesi), Intervensi (8 sesi) dan Baseline 2 (3 sesi). Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui hasil pengamatan menggunakan Catatan Observasi. Sedangkan data kuantitaf di peroleh dengan membandingkan skor rata-rata hasil Baseline 1, Intervensi dan Baseline 2. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa konsentrasi anak dengan ADHD dapat ditingkatkan melalui intervensi dengan alat permainan edukatif (APE). Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil rata-rata total skor kemampuan konsentrasi pada Baseline 1 adalah 28,3 menurun pada fase intervensi menjadi 21,75 dan pada fase Baseline 2 menjadi 20,33, yang diartikan kemampuan konsentrasi anak ADHD meningkat. Data ini juga di dukung oleh data frekuensi fokus teralihkan berkurang pada fase intervensi dan juga peningkatan durasi fokus saat mengerjakan tugas. Penerapan teknik modifikasi perilaku dengan prompt (verbal prompt, gestural prompt, physical prompt) dan reinforcement (pujian, jempol, tos) terbukti merupakan intervensi yang mampu mendukung peningkatan konsentrasi pada anak ADHD. Prompt dan reinforcement ini merupakan dukungan guru yang diwujudkan dalam sikapnya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan konsentrasi anak ADHD. Kata Kunci: Peningkatan Konsentrasi, Anak ADHD, Alat Permainan Edukatif

Early Intervention for Children with Conduct Disorders: A Quantitative Synthesis of Single-Subject Research

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Scruggs ◽  
Margo A. Mastropieri ◽  
Stephen B. Cook ◽  
Colette Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Differential Attention

To evaluate treatment of preschool children with conduct disorders, 16 studies were reviewed in which single-subject methodology was employed. Studies were coded for a number of variables including (a) description of target subjects, (b) type of intervention, (c) length and intensity of intervention, (d) primary intervenor, and (e) setting as well as a quantitative outcome variable, percent of treatment data points nonoverlapping with previous baseline phases. Variables were analyzed for covanation between outcomes and study characteristics. Results indicated that (a) reinforcement produced most positive outcomes, followed by punishment timeout and differential attention, respectively: and (b) subject characteristics such as sex, handicapping condition, and target behavior generally bore little relation to treatment outcome. Finally, stronger outcomes were found for homebased interventions and younger subjects, but these findings were inconsistent and were thought to reflect the effects of other variables. Implications for further research are given.

Developing Reading Skills in Prelingually Deaf Preschool Children: Fingerspelling as a Strategy to Promote Orthographic Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Miller ◽  
Efrat Banado-Aviran ◽  
Orit E Hetzroni
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Orthographic Knowledge ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Probe ◽  
Orthographic Learning ◽  
Prelingually Deaf

Abstract The aim of this study was to clarify whether fingerspelling provides a sophisticated mechanism that promotes the development of detailed orthographic knowledge for deaf individuals even in the absence of paralleling phonological knowledge. An intervention program comprised of various procedures chaining between fingerspelled sequences; their written correlates and meaning were administered in a multiple probe single-subject research design across semantic categories to four children with severe to profound prelingual hearing loss (age 4.2–6 years). Results demonstrate the occurrence of rapid orthographic learning during intervention and reliable retention of it in maintenance checks, despite the participants’ insufficiently developed phonological skills. Observations of the participants’ behavior further suggest fingerspelling to function as an effective mediator in the initial development of robust detailed orthographic lexicon. Analyzes also indicate that “learning through action” and “relevance to the task” provide two key factors in relation to the promotion of orthographic learning, with their absence creating an obvious vacuum in this regard. Insights from the study are discussed with reference to their implication for the development of learning materials and learning environments for prelingually deaf and other novice learners.

Pilot Study of the Physiological Subscale of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304
Author(s):  
Steven W. Lee ◽  
Wayne C. Piersel
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

The physiological subscale of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale was examined using a matched single-subject research design. As predicted, a high scorer on the physiological subscale had a significantly higher resting EMG and did not significantly recover as did the low scorer on the physiological subscale on EMG. Contradictory findings were observed on skin temperature measures. Findings are discussed relative to the scope and shortcomings of the investigation, and directions for research are suggested.

scholarly journals "I was tricked": understanding reasons for unintended pregnancy among sexually active adolescent girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
Sally Atieno Odunga ◽  
Clement Oduor ◽  
Ramatou Ouedraogo ◽  
Boniface Ayanbekongshie Ushie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Study Setting

Abstract Background While the Kenya government is mobilizing high-level strategies to end adolescent pregnancy by 2030, a clear understanding of drivers of early unintended pregnancy in the country is a necessary precursor. In this study, we determine the prevalence, associated factors, and reasons for unintended pregnancy among sexually active adolescent girls (aged 15–19 in two Kenya counties with the highest rate of teenage pregnancy. Methods We used the “In Their Hands” (ITH) program's baseline evaluation data. The study adopted a mixed-methods design with 1110 sexually active adolescent girls in the quantitative component and 19 girls who were either pregnant or nursing a child in the qualitative. We used adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression to model factors associated with unintended pregnancy among respondents. We used a thematic analysis of qualitative data to examine girls’ reasons for having unintended pregnancy. Results Overall, 42% of respondents have had an unintended pregnancy; however, higher proportions were observed among girls who were 19 years (49.4%), double orphans (53.6%), never used contraceptive (49.9%), out-of-school (53.8%), and married (55.6%). After adjusting for relevant covariates, the odds of unintended pregnancy were higher among girls who resided in rural areas (AOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.22–2.20), had primary or no formal education (AOR 1.50 95% CI 1.11–2.02), and had never used contraceptive (AOR 1.69 95% CI 1.25–2.29) compared with their counterparts. Current school attendance was associated with a 66% reduction in the probability of having an unintended pregnancy. Participants of the qualitative study stated that the desire to maintain a relationship, poor contraceptive knowledge, misinformation about contraceptive side effects, and lack of trusted mentors were the main reasons for their unintended pregnancies. Conclusion A massive burden of unintended pregnancy exists among sexually active adolescent girls in the study setting. Adolescent boys and girls need better access to sexuality education and contraceptives in the study setting to reduce early unintended pregnancy.

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