scholarly journals Transformaciones en el sistema alimentario y cambios de dieta en España durante el siglo XX

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Langreo ◽  
Luis Germán ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Siglo Xx

This article reflects on how changes in the Spanish food system have been instrumental in changing the availability and consumption of foods in the twentieth century. We designed several stages in the study and examined several sectors that have experienced major changes. The first stage refers to the first decades of the twentieth century, prior to the Spanish Civil War, and immediately after the war; the second spans from the early fifties to the beginning of the seventies; and the third go from then until the end of the century. Throughout the first three quarters of the century there were major innovations in agriculture and industry, in contrast to a very poor traditional retail distribution system. In the fourth sections of the article, major changes that occurred during the last quarter of the century in food distribution and growing control over the food chain are analyzed in relation to the rapid expansion and increasing concentration of large-scale retail distribution. These changes affected traditional buying habits and consumption, shifting food expenditures towards higher-quality, healthier, processed and personalized goods; as well as increasing food consumption outside the home.

scholarly journals Middlemen Market Power and Land Reform Policy Implication: An Imperfect Competition Analysis for the Traditional Food Market of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ngo Chi Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Food System ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Reform Policy ◽  
Food Market

The traditional food distribution system is often characterized by small farmers and of several retailer called middlemen who sell their products on market. Since the intermediaries and their market powers are largely considerable in the food market, this paper proposes an industrial organization model of the middlemen in this conventional food distribution system for developing countries. Since most of the works in this field has adopted an empirical approach, the focus of our study in this paper will be instead on theoretical model. In order to analyze this situation, we borrow several arguments from the theory of imperfect competition. We assume that middlemen have oliopsony and oligopoly power in the up and down stream of the food system. We defined the consumer behavior by discrete choice model and study the quantity flow from small producers to the consumers by mean of Cournot competition. We address the question of land reform policy implication by creating a productivity shock in order to examine the effect of this instrument on the wealth of both farmers and consumers.

scholarly journals La huella en el territorio del sistema agroalimentario (1900-2015)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Simón Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Agrifood System ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Siglo Xx

1 Territorio, alimentación y urbanismo   1.1 Afianzando vínculos entre urbanismo y alimentación   1.2 La crisis del sector agrario y del planeamiento   1.3 Recuperar la visión ecosistémica de la agricultura con vistas a una regeneración agroecológica del territorio2 Avatares de una región agraria en un mundo cambiante. El tramo medio del valle del Duero   2.1 El territorio como soporte de actividad. Condicionantes y adaptación   2.2 El reflejo en el paisaje de los cambios estructurales   2.3 Población: polarización y declive   2.4 El sistema urbano, cuando la prioridad es no desaparecer3 Variables, indicadores y escalas de análisis   3.1 Acotación espacio-temporal de la investigación   3.2 Obtención de datos   3.3 Selección de ámbitos territoriales. Aproximación multiescalar4 La huella en el territorio del sistema agroalimentario   4.1 Caracterización socioeconómica de las tres fases del sistema agroalimentario en el siglo XX   4.2 Caracterización del sistema tecnológico para la gestión del territorio   4.3 Caracterización del sistema territorial   4.4 Correlación entre sistema agroalimentario y sistema territorial5 Urbanismo, aprovechamiento de recursos locales y sostenibilidad   5.1 Sostenibilidad, autonomía, estabilidad y resiliencia6 La relocalización agroalimentaria en los Planes de Ordenación Territorial   6.1 La dimensión alimentaria, ausente de los Planes de Ordenación   6.2 Actualización de la tipología de municipios y de sus interrelaciones   6.3 Reconsideración de los instrumentos de planeamiento   6.4 Oportunidad estratégica7 Bibliografía RESUMEN:En la actualidad, cuando crece el interés en relocalizar el sistema alimentario, conviene entender cómo funcionaba el territorio cuando ese sistema se basaba en una agricultura de proximidad. Conviene entender a su vez cómo y por qué se descompuso ese sistema, aprendiendo del pasado para avanzar hacia un urbanismo comprometido con la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas de alimentos de una manera más justa y más respetuosa con el planeta. El análisis histórico se centra en el tramo medio del valle del Duero. Los sistemas territoriales que se han sucedido desde principios del siglo XX responden a tres modelos del sistema agroalimentario, que se asocian con las distintas etapas nutricionales. Hay una correlación entre modelo nutricional de superación de la desnutrición, agricultura familiar, en la zona hasta 1950; modelo de consumo de masas y sobrealimentación, agricultura industrializada, que se extiende hasta 1985; y modelo de consumo segmentado, agricultura terciarizada, que dura hasta nuestros días. En esta última fase conviven dos tendencias: una hacia la jerarquización y el productivismo tecnificado y otra hacia la multifuncionalidad y la recampesinización que se reapropia de las innovaciones técnicas. El urbanismo cuenta con herramientas y mecanismos podrían aportar una dimensión espacial y funcional hasta ahora descuidada. Hay indicios que apuntan que el momento para reconsiderar los sistemas agroalimentarios también desde el urbanismo, favoreciendo su relocalización y una transición agroecológica, ha llegado.Palabras clave:Sector agroalimentario / Territorio / Región agraria / Resiliencia / Sostenibilidad AbstractThe historical review of the relationship between territory and agrifood system provides key lessons to help rebuild the territorial structure, seizing the opportunity offered by a renewed interest in local and sustainable food. The historical transdisciplinary research focuses on the middle reaches of the Douro valley (Castilla y Leon, Spain). After the analysis of the evolution of the region since 1900, it can be concluded that the territory has been organized over time according to three models of food system that are in turn linked to different nutritional stages: a) the nutritional stage of overcoming malnutrition is related to family agriculture, which persists until 1950; b) the model of mass consumption and overeating, built on an industrialized agriculture, which runs until 1985; c) and, finally, the model of consumer segmentation associated with terciarized agriculture, which lasts until present time. Actually two trends coexist: one towards hierarchisation and tech-based productivism, and another one towards multifunctionality and peasantization. Spatial and urban planning are already equipped with mechanisms to integrate the functional and spatial dimension in the reconsideration of agrifood systems. We are missing opportunities, but there are indications that suggest that the moment to relocalize the agri-food system and to foster agroecological transition, has arrived.Keywords:Agri-food system / Territory / Agricultural region / Resilience / Sustainability

scholarly journals The Baltimore Urban food Distribution (BUD) App: Study Protocol for A Food Systems Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Gittelsohn ◽  
Emma C. Lewis ◽  
Nina M. Martin ◽  
Siyao Zhu ◽  
Lisa Poirier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Corner Stores ◽  
Systems Intervention

Abstract Background: Low-income urban communities in the United States commonly lack ready access to healthy foods. This is due in part to a food distribution system that favors the provision of high-fat, high-sugar, high-sodium processed foods to small retail food stores, and impedes their healthier alternatives, such as fresh produce. Methods: The Baltimore Urban food Distribution (BUD) study is a multi-level, multi-component systems intervention that aims to improve healthy food access in low income neighborhoods of Baltimore, Maryland. The primary intervention is the BUD application (app), which uses the power of collective purchasing and delivery to affordably move foods from local producers and wholesalers to the city’s many corner stores. We will implement the app in a sample of 38 corner stores, randomized to intervention and comparison. Extensive evaluation will be conducted at each level of the intervention to assess effectiveness via process and impact measures on suppliers, corner stores, and consumers. Discussion: BUD represents one of the first attempts to implement an intervention that engages multiple levels of a local food system. The design of the intervention and the evaluation plan of the BUD project are documented here.Trial registration #: #### (register since not yet recruiting)

Significance of Supply Chain Management in Public Distribution System

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradosh Singhal ◽  
Rajat Agrawal ◽  
Vinay Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
World Population ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Supply Chain Management System ◽  
Food Grain

Development of a proper supply chain management system to manage the food distribution network to achieve food security is one of the major challenges confronting the world today. India and China, two major economy of the world face the challenge and pressure to feed over half of the total world population. Although, our country India has achieved self-sufficiency in food grain production and surplus food stocks are available in the FCI godowns across the country, but due to inefficiencies of operation and entrepreneurial abilities, majority of beneficiaries of the resources invested by them are not targeted to the correct population. The availability of such food to people who have challenges on social and economic front should get benefit of physical access is the key of any distribution system. Therefore a strong supply chain policy for the distribution of such food in various parts of country, a proper plan for optimal distribution of the procured food grains among such population is required. Any failure in any of the channel of this system procurement-transportation-warehousing-transportation-distribution system can lead to large scale famine in the effected region of country. Therefore, it is very important to maintain entire supply chain from farmers to the beneficiary is managed in an integrated manner.

scholarly journals Implementación de una estación retransmisora de radio en FM para una red satelital regional en el Nororiente Peruano

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Satellite Network ◽  
Fm Radio ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
La Red ◽  
Siglo Xx

Implementación de una estación retransmisora de radio en FM para una red satelital regional en el Nororiente Peruano Implementation of a retransmission station of FM radio for a regional satellite network in the Northeastern Peruvian Julio Ernesto Quispe Rojas, Herless H. Alberca Vásquez, Denis Amari Maldonado Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Av. Juan XXIII No. 391 – Lambayeque - Perú. Radio Marañon, Av. Orellana No. 343 Jaen – Peru. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2011.0022/ RESUMEN Los sistemas de radiodifusión comercial, a mediados del siglo XX, se realizaban utilizando la modulación por amplitud – AM y las radioemisoras generaban la señal en forma local para transmitirla directamente a su área de influencia. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, la transmisión en Frecuencia Modulada – FM, se extendió rápidamente por la calidad del sonido, que es una señal con dos canales, izquierdo y derecho, y en la ultima década del siglo XX, en nuestro país se utilizaban enlaces satelitales y retransmisores en FM, formando cadenas nacionales de radiodifusión, y lograron la mayor sintonía de los radioescuchas de provincias. Los costos para subir la señal al satélite, se podía asumir si se requería mas de doce estaciones repetidoras, sin embargo con el desarrollo tecnológico, en la actualidad esta al alcance de los empresarios e instituciones de provincias, para formar cadenas regionales, con la señal generada en la ciudad principal de la zona, con información de interés local y con una programación orientada a satisfacer los gustos de la región. El proyecto satisface la necesidad de ampliar la cobertura y mejorar la calidad de señal, y obedeciendo al reto de que la señal transmitida llegue a los distritos de la provincia y a las provincias vecinas, y la calidad del sonido sea estereofónico, utilizando para ello estaciones de retransmisión en FM, formando una Red Satelital Regional en el Nororiente del Perú, en la zona norte del Departamento de Cajamarca y Amazonas, en la frontera con el vecino país del Ecuador. El proyecto de está enfocado a aprovechar el sistema satelital que cuenta la organización, formada por una estación de transmisión hacia el satélite o Up Link, y tan solo una estación de recepción y de retransmisión en amplitud modulada - AM, ubicadas en la provincia de Jaén, Departamento de Cajamarca. El artículo que presentamos permite compartir la experiencia que se ha tenido en el diseño e implementación de la estación retransmisora en FM para la Red Satelital Regional, implementando la estación de recepción vía satélite y transmisión en FM en el Distrito de Chirinos, en la Provincia de San Ignacio, en el Departamento de Cajamarca. Descriptores: Radio en FM, Enlace vía satélite para radiodifusión, Estación de retransmisión. ABSTRACT Commercial broadcasting systems in the mid-twentieth century, were performed using amplitude modulation - AM and the radio signal generated locally to transmit directly to their area of influence. In the second half of the twentieth century, the transmission frequency modulation - FM, it quickly spread about the quality of sound, which is a signal with two channels, left and right, and in the last decade of the twentieth century in our country using satellite links and FM broadcasters, making national radio, and achieved the highest-rated radio listeners in the provinces. The costs for the satellite uplink, you could take if they needed more than a dozen base stations, however with technological development, now is accessible to entrepreneurs and provincial institutions to form regional channels, with signal generated in the main town in the area, with information of local interest and with a program aimed at satisfying the tastes of the region. The project addresses the need to expand coverage and improve signal quality, and obeying the challenge of the transmitted signal reaches the districts of the province and neighboring provinces, and stereo sound quality, using stations FM broadcast, forming a Regional Satellite Network in the Northeast of Peru, in the northern department of Cajamarca and Amazonas, on the border with the neighboring country of Ecuador. The project is aimed to harness satellite system that has the organization, formed by a transmission station to the satellite or Link Up, and only one receiving station and amplitude modulated broadcasting - AM, located in the province of Jaén, Department of Cajamarca. The present article to share the experience has had on the design and implementation of the FM relay station for Regional Satellite Network, implementing the satellite receiving station and FM broadcasting in the District of Chirinos, in the Province San Ignacio, in the Department of Cajamarca. Keywords: FM radio; broadcasting via satellite link, retransmission station.

scholarly journals Multi-Level, Multi-Perspective Formative Research to Develop a Mobile Application to Improve Healthy Food Access in Low-Income Urban Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 559-559
Author(s):  
Emma Lewis ◽  
Lisa Poirier ◽  
Kelley Koeppen ◽  
Dahiany Zayas-Toro ◽  
Antonio Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Food System ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Corner Stores ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Objectives Small urban corner stores typically have low access to healthy foods to stock due to an inadequate food distribution system. Strategies to increase access to healthier foods are needed in low-income urban settings where consumers depend on these stores to meet their main food shopping needs. We conducted multi-level, multi-perspective formative research and user-centered design to inform the development of the Baltimore Urban food Distribution (BUD) mobile application (app), which aims to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and culturally-acceptable strategy for purchasing and delivering fresh produce to corner stores through local suppliers within the Baltimore City food system. Methods In-depth interviews (N = 36) were conducted across multiple stages of formative research with increasing refinement of the BUD app design. Stakeholders included producers (n = 5), wholesalers (n = 12), representatives of city agencies (n = 4), and corner store owners (n = 15). Future research will include community members. Data were collected regarding participants’ role within the local food system and feedback was elicited during a researcher-led demonstration of a prototype app. Results Stakeholders at multiple levels of the food system found the BUD app to have high feasibility (acceptability, operability, perceived sustainability). In-depth interviews revealed that suppliers (producers, wholesalers) were willing to use the app but had concerns about transportation and storage of produce. Corner store owners desired features such as in-app collaborative purchasing and low-cost delivery. City agency representatives emphasized the need to focus on promotion of local suppliers. Limitations included language barriers and payment security. Strengths included options for networking within the app. Conclusions The BUD app aims to provide a digital solution to address a critical gap in the food distribution system in a low-income urban setting. Multi-level, multi-perspective formative research that is user-centered is a crucial first step to developing a feasible app that appropriately addresses the needs of the community. Future research demonstrating the BUD prototype to stakeholders will enable further development of the app for use in Baltimore and other cities nationwide. Funding Sources NHLBI, NIH, award number R34HL145368.

Two Decades of Geographical Targeting in Food Distribution: Drawing Lessons from an Indian State

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-383
Author(s):  
Rajshree Bedamatta
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Government

Reports emerging from recent studies on public distribution system (PDS) in India show significant improvements in consumption of food grains distributed through the PDS. Odisha is categorized as one of the states which has seen some sort of a revival of PDS (Khera, 2011). This article takes a long-term view of PDS in the State of Odisha, and argues that geographical targeting in Odisha had created a complex system of targeting, leading to large-scale errors of exclusion and information distortions at the ground level. The state subsidy provided by the Government of Odisha had in the past contributed to increased consumption of PDS rice immediately after introduction of targeting. However, in August 2008, the Government of Odisha wound up geographical targeting and started following a uniform price policy which seems to have contributed to a better performing PDS in the state. However, evidences show that in districts where universal PDS is in place, there are still large numbers of families outside the fold of PDS.

The Introduction of Plantations into East Sumatra and its Socio-economic Impacts, 1863-1929

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-576
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Local Resistance ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Economic Regions

The goal of this article is to examine the introduction of plantations into East Sumatra (Indonesia) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Attention is given to the five most important plantation crops, namely tobacco, rubber, oil palm, tea, and fiber. The article analyzes the economic and social transformation of the region as a consequence of the rapid expansion of plantations. Within a short period of time, East Sumatra emerged to become one of the most dynamic economic regions of Southeast Asia. The development of the region and the needs of a source of protection for Dutch planters in face of fierce competition from other Western companies and local resistance encouraged the Dutch colonial government to establish effective authority in East Sumatra. Received 4th June 2020; Revised 15th September 2020; Accepted 26th September 2020

Disruptive innovation and operationalization in local and sustainable food systems: Examining the University of Toronto-Local Food Plus partnership

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-139
Author(s):  
Lori Stahlbrand
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
The University

This paper traces the partnership between the University of Toronto and the non-profit Local Food Plus (LFP) to bring local sustainable food to its St. George campus. At its launch, the partnership represented the largest purchase of local sustainable food at a Canadian university, as well as LFP’s first foray into supporting institutional procurement of local sustainable food. LFP was founded in 2005 with a vision to foster sustainable local food economies. To this end, LFP developed a certification system and a marketing program that matched certified farmers and processors to buyers. LFP emphasized large-scale purchases by public institutions. Using information from in-depth semi-structured key informant interviews, this paper argues that the LFP project was a disruptive innovation that posed a challenge to many dimensions of the established food system. The LFP case study reveals structural obstacles to operationalizing a local and sustainable food system. These include a lack of mid-sized infrastructure serving local farmers, the domination of a rebate system of purchasing controlled by an oligopolistic foodservice sector, and embedded government support of export agriculture. This case study is an example of praxis, as the author was the founder of LFP, as well as an academic researcher and analyst.

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