USE OF PREPARATIONS CONTAINING COLLOID SILVER IN POTATO DISEASE CONTROL

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
M.K. DEREVYAGINA ◽  
◽  
S.V. VASILYEVA ◽  
V.N. ZEYRUK ◽  
G.L. BELOV
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Potato Disease ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Potato Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Chemical Fungicides ◽  
Colloid Silver

The paper presents the results of four-ear trials of preparations with silver nanoparticles Zerox,Zeromiks, and Zerebra Agro on varieties with varying degrees of resistance to the main potato diseases. The four-ear trials made it possible to conclude that preparations with silver nanoparticles were effective in protecting potatoes from rhizoctoniosis and alternariosis, comparable to the effectiveness of chemical treaters (Maxim and Celeste Top) and fungicides used in the treatment of vegetative plants (Abiga Peak and Ridomil Gold MC). The biological effectiveness of preparations with silver nanoparticles was lower than that of Abig Peak by an average of 49.8% against late blight on the unstable Ilyinsky variety. The biological effectiveness of Zerebra Agro was low (24.6%) in relation to late blight on the Sante variety in the epiphytotic year. It was high (65.7%) in the non-epiphytotic year, and it was not much worse than chemical fungicides (30.4 and 78.1%, respectively) in both the epiphytotic and non-epiphytotic years.In 2018, when the effectiveness of the preparations was high for all major potato diseases,the yield increase was significantly higher than the check. In the standard version, it exceeded the check by 26.4%, in the variant with Zerebra Agro – by 27.1%. No significant difference was found between the standard variant and Zerebra Agro.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Erbium Chromium Laser along with/without Silver Nanoparticles in Root Canals Infected by Enterococcus faecalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Sareh Hendi ◽  
Negin Amiri ◽  
Banafsheh Poormoradi ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani ◽  
Saeid Afshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Canal System

This study investigates the antibacterial effects of erbium chromium laser at 2780 nm, silver nanoparticles, and erbium chromium along with silver nanoparticles on Enterococcus faecalis in comparison with sodium hypochlorite. In the present study, 90 extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected and standardized to a length of 15 mm. The canals were prepared by V-taper Gold rotary files and then incubated with E. faecalis for 21 days. The samples were divided into four experimental groups including hypochlorite sodium, silver nanoparticle, erbium chromium laser, and erbium chromium laser along with silver nanoparticle groups. Results showed that there was a significant reduction in colony count for all groups after interventions. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the colony count for sodium hypochlorite group in comparison with another groups, and this group showed the highest reduction of colony count. There was a significant difference between silver nanoparticles and erbium chromium laser groups in colony count. According to the results, the silver nanoparticles offered strong antibacterial effects on E. faecalis and therefore can decrease bacterial colonies, while the use of the laser, despite the reduction of the bacterial colony, could not be sufficiently used for disinfection of root canal system.

Treatment of metastatic disease with immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab: Effect of performance status on clinical outcomes.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18689-e18689
Author(s):  
Leah Wells ◽  
Michael Cerniglia ◽  
Audrey C. Jost ◽  
Gregory Joseph Britt
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Line Of Therapy

e18689 Background: While guidelines exist for appropriate use of chemotherapy in the metastatic setting based on performance status, such recommendations are less readily available for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We sought to determine if there is a relationship between Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status and outcomes on immunotherapy in patients treated for metastatic disease at our community-based oncology practice. Methods: 253 patients were identified as receiving nivolumab or pembrolizumab for stage IV malignancy at Cancer Centers of Colorado-SCL Health, between June 2018 and November 2020. Patients initiated on therapy after May 2020 were excluded from analysis, due to insufficient (less than 6 months) follow-up time. The remaining 183 patients were included in a retrospective cohort study comparing patients with ECOG 0, ECOG 1, and ECOG 2-4. Sex, age, type of cancer, and line of therapy were collected. Time on therapy was also calculated. Best response to therapy was determined (disease control or progressive disease). These baseline factors and outcomes were compared using ANOVA for numeric variables and chi-square tests of association for categorical variables. Time from initiation of ICI to death or hospice was also investigated and compared using a log-rank test. In addition, a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was developed for the outcome, time to death/hospice, versus the predictors ECOG status, age, gender, and line of therapy. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: Of the 183 patients included in analysis, 31.7% had an ECOG of 0, 48.6% an ECOG of 1, and 19.7% an ECOG of 2-4. Non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma represented the majority of patients in each group. Gender and line of therapy did not differ between groups. There was a significant difference in age (p = 0.02) with mean age 62, 66, and 70 in ECOG 0,1, and 2-4, respectively. 54.6% of patients remained on therapy for at least 6 months (182 days), and there was no significant difference between groups in ability to complete 6 months of therapy (p = 0.32). For ECOG 0, 1, and 2-4, disease control was achieved in 67.2%, 59.6 %, and 41.7%, respectively (p = 0.048). Analysis of time to death/hospice with a log rank test and Kaplan Meier plot showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that patients with ECOG 0 had significantly longer time to death/hospice compared to patients in both other groups, after controlling for age, gender, and line of therapy (ECOG 1 vs. 0: HR 2.5, CI 1.27-4.9; ECOG 2-4 vs. 0: HR 2.83, CI 1.31-6.13). Conclusions: In this single institution retrospective study of patients receiving nivolumab or pembrolizumab for metastatic cancer, ECOG 0 was associated with disease control and increased time before death or transition to hospice.

scholarly journals Comparison of Assays for Measuring Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans Isolates to Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1167-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sedegui ◽  
R. B. Carroll ◽  
A. L. Morehart ◽  
R. A. Hamlen ◽  
R. J. Power
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Laboratory Assay

Pathogenic strains of Phytophthora infestans insensitive to phenylamide have been reported from around the world and are responsible for a lack of late blight control in both potatoes and tomatoes. In vivo laboratory assay methods used to determine the sensitivity of P. infestans to fungicides include floating of leaflet disks on fungicide suspension and the use of potato tuber disks. In our study, these two methods were compared with a new detached-leaf assay. The fungicides chlorothalonil (protective), oxadixyl and metalaxyl (systemic), and cymoxanil (locally systemic) were utilized. Phenylamide-insensitive and -sensitive genotypes of P. infestans were used as inoculum. Significant differences between preventive and systemic fungicides were found, and all assay methods differentiated between phenylamide-sensitive and -insensitive genotypes of P. infestans. Differences among assays were significant when comparing mean inhibitory values. There was no significant difference between the detached leaf and the tuber disk assay, but both methods were significantly different from the floating-leaflet disk assay.

Epidermal growth factor receptor intron 1 (CA)n dinucleotide repeat polymorphism and mutations associated with the responsiveness of molecular targeted therapy in lung cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14595-e14595
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
S. Zhang ◽  
R. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Molecular Targeted Therapy ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Disease Control Rate ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Egfr Tkis

e14595 Background: To explore EGFR gene intron 1 (CA)n repeat polymorphism and mutations associated with the responsiveness of molecular targeted therapy in lung cancer. Methods: Both observed groups consisted of 116 somatic specimens of lung cancer and controls consisted of 20 peripheral blood samples were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing of EGFR mutations at exons 18,19,21. Also (CA)n repeat polymorphisms in intron 1 of EGFR from 48 specimens were analyzed. 45 lung cancer patients were followed up. Results: EGFR mutations were found in 24 of 116 somatic specimens (20.69%). Response rate and disease control rate to EGFR TKIs was significantly higher in the patients with EGFR mutations (62.5% vs. 0)(P<0.0l),(100% vs.44.4%) (P<0.05)respectively than those without it in observed groups.In patients harboring EGFR mutations, disease control rate to patients treated with Iressa (100%) was significantly higher than those who never treated with it (40%)(P<0.05). The frequency distribution of EGFR intron 1 (CA)n repeat in 48 specimens was 23(47.9%)low (CA)n repeat(CA≤16)and 25 (52.1%) high repeat(CA>16). There was no significant difference in response rate and disease control rate of EGFR TKIs treatment between low and high (CA)n repeat numbers both in 16 patients with mutations and 18 patients without mutations in observed groups(P>0.05). Conclusions: Somatic mutations of EGFR is a major determinant of EGFR TKIs response in lung cancer. There was no significant difference in response rate and disease control rate of EGFR TKIs treatment between low (CA) n repeat patients and high repeat ones under the consideration of the mutant factor. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Second-line treatment of modified FOLFIRINOX or nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 458-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Ozaka ◽  
Takashi Sasaki ◽  
Ikuhiro Yamada ◽  
Ryo Kanata ◽  
Dai Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
First Line Treatment

458 Background: Both FOLFIRINOX (FFX) and Nab-paclitaxel plus Gemcitabine(GnP) standard treatment in first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (MPA). It could be of interest to use them consecutively, knowing that there is currently no standard for second-line treatments for MPA. The aim of this study was to compare second-line modified FFX (mFFX) after GnP failure with second-line GnP after mFFX failure. Methods: From January 2015 to Jul 2017, medical records were retrospectively reviewed for consecutive patients receiving mFFX or GnP for a histologically proven MPA after failure of GnP or mFFX respectively. Patients were treated with mFFX (intravenous oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, irinotecan 150 mg/m2, 5-FU infusion 2,400 mg/m2 over 46 h, no bolus 5-FU) or GnP (Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2/, nab-paclitaxel 125mg/m2 d1,8 15) until disease progression, patient refusal or unacceptable toxicity. Results: Second-line mFFX was administered to 50 patients and GnP was 25 patients. At baseline of second-line treatment, there was no difference in patient’s characteristics between mFFX group and GnP group. No significant difference in the response rate (mFFX, 16.6% vs. GnP, 10.5%, P = 0.63) or the disease control rate (mFFX, 50% vs. GnP, 64%, P = 0.82) was seen between the two groups. Median Progression free survival of GnP/mFFx were 4.3 months/4.6 months (p=0.89) and median survival (OS) from the 2nd line treatment of GnP/mFFx were 10.4 months/10.8 months (p=0.65) and OS from the first-line treatment of GnP/mFFx were 20.6 months/16.5 months (p=0.34). No toxic death occurred in both groups. There was no difference in the incident of adverse event between mFFX group and GnP group. Conclusions: Second-line mFFX and GnP achieved similar disease control and survival in unresectable pancreatic cancer. The use of the FFX and GnP in sequence is an attractive option to maximize disease control and survival. We need the clinical trial to compare with mFFX and GnP in sequence to guide the selection of initial chemotherapy.

FOLFIRI plus ramucirumab versus paclitaxel plus ramucirumab as second-line therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma with or without prior docetaxel: Results from the phase II RAMIRIS Study of the AIO.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4514-4514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Lorenzen ◽  
Peter C. Thuss-Patience ◽  
Claudia Pauligk ◽  
Eray Goekkurt ◽  
Thomas Jens Ettrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Disease Control Rate ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma

4514 Background: Ramucirumab (Ram) as monotherapy or plus paclitaxel is a proven second-line option for advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). More and more patients (pts) are pretreated with docetaxel in the perioperative or first-line setting. These pts may benefit more from another, non-cross resistant chemotherapy backbone regimen. This trial evaluates the addition of Ram to FOLFIRI as second line treatment. Methods: This is a multicenter, randomized, investigator initiated, phase II trial. Pts with GEA who have progressed after treatment with a fluoropyrimidine/platinum-containing regimen were randomized 2:1 to either FOLFIRI plus Ram every two weeks (Arm A) or paclitaxel (days 1, 8, 15 of a 28-day cycle) plus Ram every two weeks (Arm B). Major endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS) and toxicity. Results: 111 pts (median age 61 years, 65% of pts had prior docetaxel therapy) were enrolled and 110 analyzed within intention to treat population (ITT, Arm A, 72; Arm B, 38). In the ITT, there was no significant difference in median OS (A, 6.8 vs. B, 7.6 months, HR 0.94, p = 0.77) and median PFS (A, 4.6 vs. B, 3.6 months, HR 0.72, p = 0.12). For pts with prior docetaxel use (71/110), median PFS was A, 4.3 vs. B, 2.0 months, HR 0.49, p = 0.008 and median OS was A, 7.5 vs. B, 6.4 months, HR 0.71, p = 0.25. In 101 pts with tumor assessment and included in the response analysis, ORR and DCR was 23% and 65% in Arm A and 11% and 60% in Arm B, respectively. 67 pts assessable for response were pre-treated with docetaxel. In these pts, ORR was 24% in Arm A and 9% in Arm B. Disease control rate (DCR) was 67% and 41% for Arm A and B respectively. Both therapies were similarly tolerable, final safety results will be shown. Conclusions: The RAMIRIS trial demonstrated feasibility of the combination of FOLFIRI and Ram. With a response rate of 24% and a median PFS of 4.3 months, docetaxel pre-treated pts seemed to derive pronounced benefit from FOLFIRI-Ram, providing a rationale for a phase III trial, which is currently ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03081143 .

scholarly journals Effect of Early Foliar Disease Control on Wheat Scab Severity (Fusarium graminearum) in Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge David Mantecón
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Scab ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Scab Control ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
Set Up

Wheat scab is common in Argentina mainly durum wheat and some bread varieties. The epidemics occur every 5 to 7 years. During the 2007, 2008, and 2009 growing seasons, three trials were conducted at the INTA Balcarce Experimental Station. Each plot had six rows of 5 m long, spaced 0.15 m apart and was set up in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Trifloxystrobin plus cyproconazole was sprayed at Z3.1 stage. Treatments were sprayed at Z6.1 stage with tebuconazole, prochloraz, and metconazole to improve scab control. Artificial inoculations were made in Z6.1. Severity ofSeptorialeaf bloth and leaf rust was assessed in boot stage (Z3.9). Scab severity was rated at early dough stage (Z8.3). Yields were recorded each year. Fungicide only applied at Z3.1 stage did not reduce field scab severity but reduced the seeds infection and increased the yields. Early fungicide spray produced yield increase at about 22% and a decrease in seed infection of up to 40%. Yields increased in a 55.3% and in a 19.6% when compared with the inoculated and not inoculated check, respectively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar disease control on scab, crop yield, and seed health.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the Productivity of Groundnut in Malawi through the Combined Use of Inoculants and Foliar Application of Nutrients

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Austin T. Phiri ◽  
Pacsu Simwaka ◽  
Daniel Kausiwa
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Significant Difference

Low productivity characterizes the production of groundnut among smallholder farmers in Malawi. There is a need to explore options capable of increasing the productivity of the crop sustainably more especially under the changing climate. Against this background, experiments were conducted during the 2016/17 cropping season to investigate the potential to enhance the productivity of groundnut in Malawi through the combined use of inoculants (Graph-Ex and Histick-BASF) and foliar application of nutrients using Allwin fertilizer (legumes). The experiments were established at Bvumbwe and Chitala Agricultural research Stations and were laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times. Data collected were analyzed in Genstat Discovery Edition 4 and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% level of confidence. Means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD0.05). In general, foliar application of Allwin fertilizer alone particularly when conducted twice at two and four weeks after emergence produced a positive significant (p<0.05) groundnut grain yield response (97.8-170.8%) above the control. The yield increase is attributable to enhanced growth and development of the groundnut through the foliar supply of nutrients. In general, under the changing climate and amidst other constraints foliar feeding of nutrients using Allwin fertilizer alone particularly when conducted twice can increase significantly groundnut productivity in Malawi.

scholarly journals The effect of and interaction between the biological bases and the agrotechnical factors on maize yield

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Péter Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of and interaction between the biological bases and the agrotechnical factors on maize yield In our research, we examined the effect of the hybrid, the nutrient supply, the number of plants and the abiotic factors (temperature, amount of precipitation) on the yield, crop quality and yield stability of maize. We devoted special attention to the natural nutrient utilization ability and fertilizer reaction of maize. The experiment took place in Hajdúszoboszló on chernozem soil, on a nearly 8 ha field. The size of one plot was 206 m2; therefore, this experiment was half-industrial. We tested six hybrids with different genetic characteristics and growing seasons. We analysed the correlation between the nutrient supply and the yield of maize hybrids with a control treatment (treatment without fertilization) and with N 80, P2O5 60, K2O 70 kg ha-1 and N 160, P2O5 120, K2O 140 kg ha-1 fertilizer treatments. The yield increasing effect of the fertilizer also depended on the number of plants per hectare to a great extent. The number of plants of the six tested hybrids was 60, 70, and 80 thousand plants ha-1. In 2015, the highest yield was produced by hybrid P9241 with N80+PK and 70 thousand plants per hectare. With the N160+PK fertilizer dosage, the same hybrid responded the best, followed by hybrids P9486 and DKC4717. Using the same fertilizer treatment, the 80 thousand plants per hectare population density resulted in decrease in the yield with most of the examined hybrids. In 2016, with the increase in the number of plants per hectare, even with non-fertilised treatment (control treatment), the yield could be increased in the case of each hybrid. Averaged over the different hybrids and fertilizer treatments, applying 80 thousand plants ha-1 instead of 60 thousand resulted in 1.0 ha-1 yield increase. In 2017, the number of plants had a slighter effect. With N160+PK treatment, in most cases no significant difference can be observed. The value of LSD5%: plant number: 0.20 t ha-1, hybrid: 0.28 t ha-1, interaction: 0.48 t ha-1. With N160+PK treatment, the hybrids produced yields between 10.07 and 12.45 t ha-1. When examining the three years in the average of the number of plants, with treatment without fertilisation, the average yield of hybrids reached 7.53 t ha-1. With N80+PK treatment, this value was 9.71 t ha-1 and with doubling the fertilizer dosage, this value increased to 10.42 t ha-1. No economic profit was gained as a result of applying double dosage of fertilizer; therefore, the N80+PK dosage can be considered ideal.

scholarly journals Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Some Physical& Biological Properties of Fluid Denture Base Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Jaymin Taher ◽  
Salem Salem
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transverse Strength ◽  
Significant Difference

Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most widely used materials in modern prosthodontics. It is widely known due to its simplicity in use and acceptable aesthetic. A new concept of polymerization fluid resin technique was instead of heat and gypsum material. Forty specimens were prepared from two brands of fluid acrylic resin. The samples were divided into two groups, the first one was the control while the other group was incorporated with silver nanoparticles(modified). The tests performed were impact strength, transverse strength, color stability and candida retention ability on the samples. 10 samples for each test were used. The results showed that modified group had significantly higher impact strength than the control group. There was non-significant difference between group of modified fluid acrylic and control group. Regarding color stability, there were highly significant color change after 10 days of immersion in the tea solution for the modified group the results of the biological test showed that the candida retention of the control group was significantly higher than modified group. Within the limitation of this study it can be concluded that addition of silver nanoparticles has resulted in significant difference between control and modified group for impact strength test. While non-significant difference was seen for transverse strength test. In regard to color stability, showed enhancement in color stability for both before and after placement in tea solution. Addition of silver nanoparticles also caused reduction in candida albicans retention in the added samples.

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