The New Technological Revolution and the Technological Progress in Industries

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Yang Mu

The purpose of this article. The article defines the development factors of natural, demographic, political, economic and social systems. Variants of factors classification by various criteria are stated. Assessment of features and consequences of separate factors’ influence on the territorial organization and development of economy is given. The main material. The main attention is paid to the analysis of spatial factors, as well as to scientific and technical progress. Types of geographical location and subspecies of the economic and geographical situation are considered. The main features and directions of scientific and technological progress, consequences of the scientific and technological revolution in production and the service sector are outlined. Among the main consequences of the scientific and technological revolution impact are: automation, creation of new materials, computerization, creation of global networks. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the negative consequences of scientific and technological progress. The classification of activities according to the leading factor of territorial organization is given, as well as corresponding examples. The increase in the influence of military and political factors, both on the development of the economies of individual countries as a whole, and on the system of international economic relations, is noted. It is emphasized that the spatial organization of the economy is constantly becoming more complex under the influence of new factors. Conclusions and further research. The necessity to study the totality of the factors under consideration in the system of general and higher geographic education is substantiated. It is suggested that they be taken into account when implementing programs for socioeconomic development of regions and countries. It is noted that in assessing the direction and the degree of individual factors’ influence, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the territory - the size, configuration, location of the population and economic objects, the level of infrastructure development, coordination of management decisions.


Author(s):  
A. A. Krivopalov

The article deals with the problem of slowdown of scientific and technological progress in the military sector resulting from rising costs of developing frontier technologies. Nowadays, the military power of a state is a reflection of its economic and technological opportunities. However, before the start of the scientific and technological revolution, no such correlation could be found, and so, in the past, great European powers were at a relatively similar military and technological level. The power of a state was not so strictly limited by scientific and technological or economic potential of a country. Due to the fact that, even after the start of the scientific and technological revolution, progress in the sphere of military equipment retained its cyclical nature, a question arises: could the world revert to a position of relative technological stagnation that has become a norm during centuries of human development? And if so, what would this mean in terms of big politics and grand strategies? Could this fact play in favour of the countries that challenge the global hegemony of the United States? Will they receive a chance to close their relative gap in the sphere of technology, how and within what timeframe? 


Author(s):  
Hauke RITZ

The actual technological revolution challenges our ideas about civilization to a much larger extent than all previous technological breakthroughs. Does it not lead us into a new world where there is no place for human freedom, and what has made possible such a trajectory of technological progress? To answer the latter question, it is necessary to analyze the logic of natural science development as well as the currently dominant scientific image of the universe. In the first part of his research, the author focuses on the premises of the scientific method, on the basic assumptions about the nature of our reality, which precede any scientific research and unconsciously structure the perception of reality.


Author(s):  
Pedro Reula Baquero

En 1908, el cineasta Segundo de Chomón estrenó La maison ensorcelée y Electric hôtel. Pertenecen a un género que hacía furor en esos momentos, el de los trucajes misteriosos en la escena de una casa encantada y cuyo origen está en la tradición de las comedias de magia. Coincidiendo con ese gusto de la época por las casas encantadas, Cotarelo y Mori publicó en 1907 la novela Casos prodigiosos y cueva encantada de un autor del siglo XVII, Juan de Piña. Contiene un pasaje que se desarrolla en una casa hechizada y no resulta difícil establecer un paralelismo con las películas de Segundo de Chomón. El habitante de esta casa se asemeja a un extraño personaje del siglo XVII, Juan de Espina, famoso ya en su época por mago y por sus extravagantes colecciones y cuya fama llegaría hasta el siglo XIX. La primera década del siglo XX vivió el apogeo de la magia y de la electricidad, en un momento de sublime apoteosis del progreso tecnológico y, al mismo tiempo, del ocultismo más furibundo. Fue una época de contradicciones, igual que el primer tercio del siglo XVII, en la que se desarrollaban simultáneamente la revolución tecnológica y metodológica del estudio de la naturaleza y las supersticiones más demenciales. In 1908, the filmmaker Segundo de Chomón, released La maison ensorcelée and Electric Hôtel both of which belong to an extremely popular and successful genre of the times, that which showed mysterious tricks at the scene of a haunted house, and whose origin lies in the tradition of the magical comedies. Coinciding with this taste for haunted houses, Cotarelo y Mori published the novel Casos prodigiosos y cueva encantada written by Juan de Piña, a seventeenth century writer. This novel contains a passage that is set in a mysterious house and which is not difficult to link to Chomón’s films. Its inhabitant reminds us of a bizarre character of the seventeenth century named Juan de Espina, famous in his time for his magic tricks and his extravagant collections and whose fame would continue into the nineteenth century. The first decade of the twentieth century saw the climax of magic and electricity, at a time of sublime exaltation of technological progress combined with the most raging occultism. It was an era full of contradictions, like the first third of the seventeenth century, in which a technological revolution and a new method for the study of nature unfolded simultaneously alongside the most lunatic superstitions.


Author(s):  
Gleb A. Maslov

The article is devoted to the main approaches of Soviet economists to the issue of introducing the achievements of scientific and technological progress into production related to the experience of economic development of the USSR. Among the research provisions, general economic planning stands out as a key tool for the balanced dissemination of the elements of scientific and technological revolution in the interests of the entire population. Practice showed the validity of the advantages of socialism noted by researchers in a number of spheres. However, there were also significant imbalances in economic development, which were insufficiently worked out theoretically. The successes were concentrated mainly in the important strategic industries, while the production of consumer goods faced systemic difficulties. Ultimately, these imbalances started growing, and the intensive component of economic growth began declining. This tendency is substantiated by a system of motivations at different management levels, among employees. Public enthusiasm and intangible motives were substantial but limited, while economic incentives were insufficient. Nevertheless, despite the current dominance of an economic system being fundamentally different from the Soviet model, there are prerequisites of the growing relevance of turning to Soviet theories and practices in economic development based on advanced technologies. This is due to a significant degree of similar content of technologies attributed to the fourth industrial revolution, compared with the post-war stage of scientific and technological revolution. The new nature of technologies presupposes greater calculation possibilities in planning, the prospects for widespread automation of production, coupled with the need to form new, non-economic motives of work. Similar problems were widely discussed in the Soviet academic sources.


Author(s):  
Robert C. Allen

‘The condition of England’ considers why the upswing in technological progress caused such widespread suffering for so many people for so long. It begins with a broad question: how did the technological revolution change the structure of society? It looks at social tables, dividing the population into six social classes—the landed classes, bourgeoisie, lower middle class, farmers, workers, and cottagers and paupers—and how they changed from 1688 to 1867. It is no surprise that the share of national income going to farmers and land owners declined during the Industrial Revolution, but why did workers fall behind capitalists and why did some workers do so much better than others?


Author(s):  
П. В. Писаренко ◽  
О. І. Гармаш

У статті розглядаються етнографічні особливості українського народу як нащадків землеробів Трипільської культури. Аналізуються основні здобутки українських хліборобів ХІХ століття як представників землеробства, котре ще не зазнало згубного впливу науково-технічної революції. Подаються відомості про «Долину Джерел», як одне з найбільших екопоселень в Україні, котре втілює у собі певні риси традиційного побуту українців та здобутки науково-технічного прогресу. Розкривається поняття Трипільська культура, екопоселення, село, садиба, хата. Та подається власне визначення поняття «екопоселення».  The article deals with ethnographic peculiarities of Ukrainian people as descendants of Trypillian culture farmers. We analyzed the main achievements of Ukrainian farmers of nineteenth century as representatives of agriculture, which has not undergone the harmful effects of scientific and technological revolution. We give the information about «Springs Valley» as one of the largest ecovillages of Ukraine, embodying certain features of traditional Ukrainian life and achievements of scientific and technological progress. We give the definition of Trypillian culture, ecovillage, village, farmstead, house. We also give our own definition of «ecovillage».


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Munadil Faaeq ◽  
Mohammed Faisal

Electronic services are an expanding field as long as the human being employs the machine and technology to serve it. Currently, during the technological revolution, electronic services expand and diversify with the variety and variety of needs. Electronic public services are not easy to define and determine. Electronic-Judiciary and, in particular, electronic certification is one of the most important services that must be available and supported in smart communities, in both developed and developing countries alike. E-Judiciary is one of the most important modern fields in the field of smart societies. Electronic certification is one of the fundamental applications in the field of E-Judiciary. Therefore, by using electronic certification, the data will be more secure and accurate than the old way (traditional way). Moreover, electronic certification reduces the transection time, effort and cost on the one hand and tries to develop the services provided in light of the continuous technological progress from the other hand.


Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Ellya Sestri

An increasingly rapid technological progress in the era of globalization in the business world, so do not rule out the possibility that a decision-making is something that is very vital in determining the decisions to be taken in the face of competitive business world. Decision making can be influenced by several aspects, this can affect the speed of decision making by the decision maker in which decisions must be quick and accurate. Lecturer Performance Assessment Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process is a decision support system that aims to assess faculty performance according to certain criteria. This system of faculty performance appraisal criteria to map a hierarchy, where each hierarchy will be performed pairwise comparison, the pairwise comparisons between criteria, so to get a comparison of the relative importance of criteria with each other. The results of this comparison is then analyzed to obtain the priority of each criterion. Once completed and performed an assessment of alternative options to be compared and calculated to obtain the best alternatives according to established criteria.


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