scholarly journals Modulation of Biochemical and Haematological Indices of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) Exposed to Toxic Cyanobacterial Water Bloom

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Kopp ◽  
Miroslava Palíková ◽  
Stanislav Navrátil ◽  
Zdenek Kubíček ◽  
Andrea Ziková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Water Bloom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Phosphorus Iron ◽  
Haematological Indices

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of toxic cyanobacterial water bloom on the blood indices of two-year-old silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrixVal.). Experimental fish (336 ± 32 mm length, 365 ± 112 g weight) were exposed to a natural population of cyanobacterial water bloom (mainlyMicrocystis aeruginosaandM. ichthyoblabe) that contained microcystins (total concentration 133–284 μg g-1(DW), concentration in water 2.8–7.4 μg l-1). Haematological indices showed marked changes in fish exposed to the cyanobacterial population compared to the control group. Statistical evaluation of the influence of cyanobacterial water bloom on biochemical and haematological indices of silver carp showed a distinct decrease of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, glucose, total protein, creatinine, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, iron, cholinesterase, haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte and leukocyte compared to the control. Values of alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased compared to the control. After exposure to the cyanobacterial water bloom, the silver carp were kept in pure water for monitoring the persistence of biochemical and haematological indices. Influence of the cyanobacterial population on values of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, total protein, glucose, creatinine, phosphorus, iron, cholinesterase, erythrocyte and haematocrit persisted up to 28 days after the end of exposure. Duration of exposure, toxicity and density of cyanobacterial water bloom had an important impact on individual biochemical and haematological indices.

scholarly journals Atrazine induced toxic impacts on the survival, behavior, and biochemical aspects of Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naireen Nayab ◽  
Syed Ata Ur Rahman Shah ◽  
Sana Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Rauf ◽  
Shandana Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix

Abstract The current research work was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of the widely used herbicide, Atrazine on the behavioral responses and biochemical changes in different tissues of Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Adult fish were exposed to different concentrations of Atrazine for different time periods. Mortality of fish was observed with increase in the concentration of Atrazine and time of exposure. The LC50 of Atrazine for 96 hours was calculated as 13.7µl/L. Fish exposed to Atrazine showed fast swimming, loss of equilibrium and balance, gulping, pale body coloration, and an excess amount of mucous secretion covered the buccal cavity and gills. Total protein contents, antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), were measured in the brain, gills, liver, and muscle tissues for biochemical analysis. Atrazine exposure resulted in a significant time-dependent decrease in total protein content in the liver, gills, brain, and muscle tissue of fish compared to the control group. A slight increase was observed in the activities of CAT and POD in the control group, while a significant decrease was observed in the ATZ-treated groups from 24 to 96 h. The glutathione reductase activity was significantly increased in the ATZ treated groups compared to control group. Likely, LPO level also increased in the liver, gills, brain, and muscle tissue in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner in ATZ treated groups compared to control group. Concludingly, our results revealed that Atrazine is toxic to fish, alter enzymes and total protein level, and lipid peroxidation level in fish. This harmful effect of Atrazine maybe generalized into environment and reduce the Silver carp population in the natural freshwater bodies.

scholarly journals Biological characterization of implant surfaces - in vitro study

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares ◽  
Camilla Christian Gomes Moura ◽  
Huberth Alexandre da Rocha Júnior ◽  
Paula Dechichi ◽  
Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Experimental Surface

<title>Abstract</title><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Evaluate the biological performance of titanium alloys grade IV under different surface treatments: sandblasting and double etching (Experimental surface 1; Exp1, NEODENT); surface with wettability increase (Experimental surface 2; Exp2, NEODENT) on response of preliminary differentiation and cell maturation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Immortalized osteoblast cells were plated on Exp1 and Exp2 titanium discs. The polystyrene plate surface without disc was used as control group (C). Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity (MTT) at 4 and 24 h (n = 5), cell attachment was performed using trypan blue exclusion within 4 hours (n = 5), serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase normalization was performed at 4, 7 and 14 days (n = 5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>The values of cell viability were: 4h: C– 0.32±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.34±0.08<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.29±0.03<sup>A</sup>. 24h: C– 0.43±0.02<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.39±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.37±0.03<sup>A</sup>. The cell adhesion counting was: C– 85±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp1- 35±5<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 20±2<sup>B</sup>. The amounts of serum total protein were 4d: C– 40±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 120±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 130±20<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 38±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 75±4<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 70±6<sup>A</sup>. 14 d: C– 100±3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 130±5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 137±9<sup>A</sup>. The values of alkaline phosphatase normalization were: 4d: C– 2.0±0.1<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.1±0.8<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 9.8±2.0<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 1.0±0.01<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.3±0.5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 3.0±0.3<sup>B</sup>. 14 d: C– 4.1±0.3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 4.4±0.8<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 2.2±0.2<sup>B</sup>. Different letters related to statistical differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The surfaces tested exhibit different behavior at dosage of alkaline phosphatase normalization showing that the Exp2 is more associated with induction of cell differentiation process and that Exp1 is more related to the mineralization process.</p></sec>

scholarly journals Plasma Calcium Levels in Pregnant Asian Women

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Polanska ◽  
R. A. Dale ◽  
M. R. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Endogenous Synthesis

Plasma calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and albumin were measured during pregnancy in a group of Asian women living in the south of England and in a control group. The Asian women had slightly lower mean plasma calcium concentrations than the control group. Exposure of Asian women to sunshine appeared to be low, and it was inferred that they probably had little endogenous synthesis of cholecalciferol as a result. Both Asian and control subjects ingested similarly low amounts of vitamin D. The Asian women consumed greater amounts of phytate and vegetable fibres than the controls, and it is suggested that these substances may reduce absorption of insoluble lipids (including cholecalciferol) and calcium in a setting where the dietary intake and endogenous synthesis of vitamin D are already borderline for the subjects' requirements.

THE STATE OF HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM IN TERM NEWBORNS FROM MOTHERS WHO SUFFERED INFLUENZA VIRUS A(H3N2) IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Наталия Ишутина ◽  
Nataliya Ishutina ◽  
Игорь Гориков ◽  
Igor Gorikov ◽  
Ирина Андриевская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Term Newborns

The functional state of liver in 112 term newborns, who depending on their antenatal ontogenesis were divided into 4 groups, was studied. The first group (control) was made of 30 healthy newborns from mothers with physiological course of pregnancy; the second group consisted of 30 children whose mothers suffered influenza A(H3N2) (antibody titers were 1:4-1:16), the third group had 27 newborns with antenatal anamnesis complicated with influenza A(H3N2) (antibody titers were 1:8-1:32) and the fourth group had 25 children whose mothers suffered A(H3N2) (antibody titers were 1:32-1:128) at early stages of gestation. In newborns in the serum of the umbilical blood there were found the contents of total protein, albumins, total, indirect and direct bilirubin, activity of alanine aminotransferase, serum glutamate-oxaloacetate-transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, concentration of total cholesterol, lipoproteins of low density and triglycerides. In babies from mothers who suffered influenza infection with antibody titers 1:32-1:128 there was the decrease of total protein till 55.1±1.27 g/l (in the control group it was 62.1±1.45 g/l; р&#60;0.01) and albumins till 34.2±1.01 g/l (in the control it was 38.2±1.13 g/l; р&#60;0.05) against the increase of total bilirubin till 35.5±1.29 mcmole/l (in the control it was 25.3±1.67 g/l; р&#60;0.001), of indirect bilirubin till 33.2±1.28 mcmole/l (in the control it was 23.4±1.67 mcmole/l; р&#60;0.001), of direct bilirubin till 2.33±0.10 mcmole/l (in the control it was 1.91±0.09; р&#60;0.01) and the activity of alkaline phosphatase till 175.7±10.62 МЕ/l (in the control it was 141.6±6.39 МЕ/l; р&#60;0.01). This showed the suppression of protein-synthesizing and pigment function of the liver as well as of the process of cholestasis. At the same time there was the decrease of total cholesterol till 1.83±0.06 mmole/l (in the control it was 2.08±0.07 mmole/l; р&#60;0.01) and lipoproteins of high density till 1.02±0.06 mmole/l (in the control it was 1.27±0.06 mmole/l; р&#60;0.01). Their concentration causes the stability of cellular membranes and hypothalamic-pituitarium-adrenal system in newborns to unfavourable factors in the early postnatal period of their development.

scholarly journals Aberrant Expressional Profiling of Known MicroRNAs in the Liver of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Following Microcystin-LR Exposure Based on samllRNA Sequencing

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Feng ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Junguo Ma ◽  
Bangjun Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Multiple Organs

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) poses a serious threat to human health due to its hepatotoxicity. However, the specific molecular mechanism of miRNAs in MC-LR-induced liver injury has not been determined. The aim of the present study was to determine whether miRNAs are regulated in MC-LR-induced liver toxicity by using high-throughput sequencing. Our research demonstrated that 53 miRNAs and 319 miRNAs were significantly changed after 24 h of treatment with MC-LR (50 and 200 μg/kg, respectively) compared with the control group. GO enrichment analysis revealed that these target genes were related to cellular, metabolic, and single-organism processes. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs in fish liver were primarily involved in the insulin signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. Moreover, we hypothesized that 4 miRNAs (miR-16, miR-181a-3p, miR-451, and miR-223) might also participate in MC-LR-induced toxicity in multiple organs of the fish and play regulatory roles according to the qPCR analysis results. Taken together, our results may help to elucidate the biological function of miRNAs in MC-LR-induced toxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding graded levels of whole cottonseed on haemato-biochemical parameters of red Sokoto bucks

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
J.I. Itodo ◽  
P.I. Rekwot ◽  
T.T. Aluwong ◽  
J.S. Rwuaan ◽  
K.O. Abah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Group D ◽  
Aspartate Transferase

Whole cottonseed (WCS) is an important source of protein for ruminants, however, it contains a polyphenolic secondary metabolite gossypol which may reduce its palatability and cause pathophysiological effects. The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of feeding graded levels of WCS on the haemato-biochemical parameters of Red Sokoto bucks (RSB). After a 14-day pre-treatment period, 20 bucks (n = 5) were assigned for 90 days to one of four isonitrogeneous treatments: control (A); 0 % (B); 15 % (C); 30 % and (D); 45 %. Blood was collected for Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and serum analyses at days 0, 45 and 90 of the experimental period for concentrations of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The PCV was decreased in groups fed above 15 % of WCS on days 45. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in globulin concentration, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities but aspartate transferase activity was higher (p < 0.05) in group D (45% WCS) compared to the various treatment groups. The urea concentration was higher (p < 0.05) in groups B and D at day 45 compared to the control group. The creatinine concentration was higher (p < 0.05) in group D at days 45 and 90 compared to the control group. The serum total protein and albumin concentration were higher (p < 0.05) in groups C and D at day 45 compared to the control group. Our finding revealed that prolonged feeding of bucks above 30 % WCS for more than 60 days exerted considerable deleterious and adverse effects on blood constituents leading to aneamia, hyper-cretenaemia, ureamia, increased levels of total protein, albumin, aspartate transferase activity and death. Keywords: Biochemical parameters, Bucks, Gossypol, Serum, Whole cotton seed

scholarly journals Cryoprotective Effects of Protein Hydrolysates Prepared from By-Products of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) on Freeze-Thawed Surimi

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Wen-Juan Zhou ◽  
Fa-Xiang Wang ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Xiang-Hong Li ◽  
Yong-Le Liu
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
And Control ◽  
By Products

The cryoprotective effects of different amounts of protein hydrolysates prepared from by-products of silver carp using Protamex and Alcalase on surimi that were subjected to six freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. Commercial cryoprotectant (8% w/w 1:1 sucrose-sorbitol blend, SuSo) and control (without cryoprotectant) groups were used for comparison. After six freeze-thaw cycles, the lowest actomyosin extractability, Ca2+-ATPase activity and total sulfhydryl content, along with the highest surface hydrophobicity of actomyosin, were observed in the control group (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the group with addition of 2 g of hydrolysate prepared by Protamex hydrolysis (PH-2) displayed the highest actomyosin extractability, Ca2+-ATPase activity and correspondingly, lowest surface hydrophobicity of actomyosin (P < 0.05). Total sulfhydryl content of actomyosin and textural properties of heat-set surimi gels were similar between samples with PH-2 and those with SuSo (P > 0.05). Differences in molecular weight distribution, total and free amino acid compositions between the hydrolysates prepared by Protamex and Alcalase hydrolysis were possible reasons attributing to their variable cryoprotective effects on freeze-thawed surimi. Results from this study clearly support that hydrolysate prepared by Protamex hydrolysis at an appropriate amount could serve as an effective cryoprotectant without increasing the sweetness of surimi products. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the hydrolysates follow a different cryoprotection mechanism compared to SuSo (sucrose-sorbitol blend).

scholarly journals Selected Haematological and Biochemical Indices of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Reared in the Environment with Cyanobacterial Water Bloom

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. S63-S71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Palíková ◽  
Radovan Kopp ◽  
Jan Mareš ◽  
Stanislav Navrátil ◽  
Zdenek Kubíček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Water Bloom ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Water Blooms

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of toxic cyanobacterial water blooms on blood indices in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Experimental fish were exposed to natural cyanobacterial water blooms (consisting mainly of Microcystis aeruginosa and M. ichthyoblabe) which contained microcystins (total concentration 1187 - 1211 μg g-1 of dry weight and 17.4 - 25.4 μg l-1 of water) for 28 days without additional feeding. Control groups of fish were kept in another pond without apparent cyanobacterial bloom formation. Experimental and control rearing ponds had the same water source. After exposure, fish were placed in dechlorinated potable water for the same period. Statistical evaluation of the influence of cyanobacterial water bloom on biochemical indices of experimental fish showed a distinct increase of alkaline phosphatase (p ⪬ 0.05), total bilirubin (p ⪬ 0.001), creatinine (p ⪬ 0.01), lactate (p ⪬ 0.01) and urea (p ⪬ 0.01) when compared to controls. After transfer to the dechlorinated potable water the experimental group showed significantly lower values of phosphorus (p ⪬ 0.001), urea (p ⪬ 0.01) and cholinesterase (p ⪬ 0.05) and higher values of lactate (p ⪬ 0.05) and iron (p ⪬ 0.05) compared to controls. It may be concluded that the exposure of the Nile tilapia to the environment containing cyanobacterial water bloom influenced only some biochemical indices. However, this modulation is to a much lower degree compared to the common carp and silver carp.

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