scholarly journals Lexicographic activity of Oleksa Tykhyi as manifestation of resistance to linguistic assimilation

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
І. Є. Ренчка
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Free Development ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
The Russian Language

One of the activities of the members of Ukrainian human rights and national liberation movement in the 1960– 1970s was the protection of the rights of Ukrainian language for free development and functioning expansion as counteraction to the strengthening of Russification strategy in the USSR. In his journalistic and linguistic works, the human rights activist, dissident, and pedagogue Oleksa Tykhyi raised the problems of preserving and developing Ukrainian language as a major factor of national self-identification. He expressed concern about its status in Ukraine, clearly identified the reasons for this and seeked the ways to improve the situation. The goal of the paper is an attempt to comprehend and illuminate the vocabulary activity of O. Tykhyi, which was closely related to his teaching activity and active civil and ideological position as a defender of Ukrainian language. The paper uses the following methods: descriptive method, contextual analysis and structural analysis of linguistic units. The material of this study was the “Dictionary of Words Inappropriate to the Norms of Ukrainian Literary Language» by Oleksa Tykhyi. It is found out that the words, not compliant with the norms of Ukrainian language and recorded in the vocabulary, include lexical and morphological Russianisms, adoptions from other languages through the Russian language as well as word-forms copied from the Russian language. In general, the vocabulary contains about one and a half thousand lexical units that are not specific to the Ukrainian language, each one is presented with a synonymic number of Ukrainian equivalents. Most of them are lexical Russianisms, i. e. words directly transposed from the Russian language without phonetic adaptation that substituted specific Ukrainian words. Some of them functioned only in spoken language, while others were codified in lexicographic works. A number of Ukrainian synonyms provided to each of the analyzed tokens demonstrates the artificiality and unnecessity of such adoptions. Analysis of the material of the vocabulary of Oleksa Tykhyi shows the negative consequences of Russification for the lexical composition of Ukrainian language and for the level of the language culture of population.

Morphological Means in Russian: Clarification of the Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Galina I. Panova ◽  
Tatiana V. Viktorina ◽  
Antonina E. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Similar Function ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Russian Language

The concept of “morphological / grammatical means” is widely used in studies on the Russian language, although there is no generally accepted interpretation. This work analyzes the reflection of this concept in Russian studies and clarifies the status of those linguistic units that are traditionally referred to as morphological means: form-building affixes, alternating sounds (internal inflection), stress, supplementary word stems, auxiliary words, intonation, as well as word order. Our research has shown that these linguistic units have different functional status in the morphological structure of the Russian language. First, these are categorical, or actually morphological, means, represented by formative affixes and auxiliary words. They are carriers of morphological meanings in the structure of abstracted morphological forms – the basic units of inflectional Russian morphology. Secondly, a non-categorical means, syncretic and accidental for morphology, are supplementary stems that contain not only lexical, but also morphological meaning and thus duplicate the expression of morphological information in a word form with a form-building affix. Thirdly, these are linguistic units that are not elements of the morphological structure, but have morphological significance, which is manifested in their ability to differentiate homonymous morphological forms in the structure of word forms (alternating sounds and stress) or utterances (intonation). Word order can also perform a similar function. The study allows us to clarify the definition of the concept under consideration: morphological means are linguistic units that are carriers of morphological meanings and constituents of morphological forms.

scholarly journals The adverbs of place in the Russian dialects of Outer Manchuria

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
QINFEI DONG
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Russian Language

Based on the materials of the Russian dialects of Outer Manchuria, this article examines the previously unstudied group of adverbs – the adverbs of place. The methods of continuous sampling and descriptive-analytical analysis revealed 56 adverbs of place in the second edition of the “Dictionary of Russian Dialects of Outer Manchuria”. Despite the fact that adverbs in the Russian literary language are have been thoroughly studied from the perspective of their semantics, motivation, and compatibility with other parts of speech, the Russian dialectology does not provide due description of the adverbial lexis. Compared to other parts of speech, the category of adverbs is less scientifically developed in the research dedicated to the dialects of late formation. This article presents the experience of describing the semantic characteristics of the adverbs of place typical solely for the Russian dialects of Outer Manchuria, detected via comparison with the linguistic units from the “Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects”, “Dictionary of the Modern Russian Literary Language”, and “Dictionary of the Russian Language”. An attempt is made to classify the adverbs of place by the types of spatial relations, principles of spatial localization, as well as motivation of the parts of speech. The acquired results demonstrate that in the Russian dialects of Outer Manchuria, the adverbs of place differ not only in lexical composition, but also in semantics of the meanings from their analogues in other Russian folk dialects. They also feature the prevalence of units that characterize horizontal spatial localization.

scholarly journals Структурно-семантическая и стилистическая характеристика новых фразеологизмов русского языка Structural-Semantic and Stylistic Characteristics of the New Idioms in Russian Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (42) ◽  
pp. 95-117
Author(s):  
Najwa F.Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
First Century ◽  
Effective Change ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Russian Language

Данная статья посвящена одной из наиболее сложных тем русского языка – это фразиология. Особенностью российской речевой практики последних десятилетий является активное изменение лексического состава русского языка. В статье описывается семантическая, структурно-грамматическая и стилистическая характеристика фразеологизмов, появившихся в русском языке в конце XX – начале XXI вв. В работе дается определение данным терминам – фразеологизм, фразеологическая единица, фразеологический оборот, использующиеся в качестве синонимов. В данной статье мы Будем придерживаться синкретического взгляда на проблему и включать в число фразеологизмов не только идиомы, но и фразеологические сочетания, крылатые слова и терминологические сочетания, которые подверглись образному переосмыслению. Характерзируются и анализируются научные положения разных авторов. а также проводится анализ многих литературных примеров. This study is dedicated to one of the most difficult topics in Russian - this is the science of idioms. A feature of the Russian speech application in recent decades has been the effective change in the lexical composition of the Russian language. This article illustrates the semantic, grammatical and stylistic structural characteristics of the linguistic units that appeared in Russian at the end of the 20th century - the beginning of the twenty-first century. This work defines these terms : terminology, linguistic unity, and terms that are used as synonyms. In this research , we will adhere to the conciliatory view of the problem and include not only the terminology in the language units, but also the terminological compositions, sayings, and composite terms that have been subject to pictorial rethinking. The scientific principles of the various authors are described and analysed, as well as an analysis of many literary examples.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS IN STUDYING OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE PR-DISCOURSE

Yazykoznaniye ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
A.Yu. KHAKHALEVA
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Linguistic Pragmatics ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Means ◽  
Modern Russian

The article discusses the main approaches to studying the modern Russian-language PR-discourse that represents a relatively new and actively developing sphere of communication. First of all, the researchers of the Russian-language PR-discourse analyze its lexical composition. In particular, they consider the ways of adapting the English-language PR-terms that play an important role in reflecting new objects of extralinguistic reality. Moreover, the linguistic means of this type of discourse are studied from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics. The works in this area emphasize the importance of such way of speech impact as suggestion and the corresponding pragmatic methods that is determined by the manipulative character of the Russian-language PR-discourse. In the light of this peculiarity, the linguists are also interested in the process of mythologization that consists in distorting the connections between the objects of reality and is aimed at creating the positive image of the subject of PR-communication.

Honor and Human Rights: A Comparative Study of Russia and Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Oleinik
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Representative Samples

This article discusses the relative importance attached to honor and human rights in two cultures, Russian and Ukrainian. These cultures have elements of honor cultures, both historically and in the present. There are also elements of a more universalistic interpretation of human dignity that are expressed through the concept of human rights, especially in the case of Ukraine. However, the movement towards the universalistic understanding of human dignity slows down or may even be reversed in the context of a protracted war. Two sources of data inform the analysis: primary (two surveys conducted on representative samples in Russia, N = 1602, and Ukraine, N = 2020) and secondary (the complete works of two poets considered representative of the two cultures, A. Pushkin and T. Shevchenko, as well as documents in the Russian-language and Ukrainian-language segments of the Google online databank). The data were processed using methods of descriptive statistics, binary statistic regression and quantitative content analysis.

scholarly journals Bell Names in the History of the Russian Language (Linguistic and Cultural Aspect)

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Oksana Franchuk ◽  
Aleksandra Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Unique Element ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper considers principles of naming the bells and the main features, according to which the bell could get either name. Scientists believe that to a greater extent the structure of such onym units characterizes the specifics of how the bells were treated in Kievan Rus and the overall attitude of the Russians to them. The study was based on the analysis of the unique catalogue containing linguistic units and reflecting the history of bells, bell ringing and bell casting. The main sources of the study included compiled chronicles, archive materials, register of monastic and temple property, inscriptions on bells, and church charters. The study was conducted through comparative-historical, linguistic and cultural analysis, as well as field analysis within the cognitive stylistics. As a result, 51 bell names and their historical background were analyzed. The authors conclude that the study of linguistic units related to the history of bells and bell ringing in Russia alongside with their casting features will make it possible to bridge the historical knowledge gap and to draw some conclusions on the way the Russians perceive the linguistic worldview of this unique element of the Russian culture.

scholarly journals The History of the Word in the Historical Dictionary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina А. Malysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
The Russian Language

The report discusses the problems of representing word history and the dynamics of lexical composition in a historical dictionary. Possibilities and different ways of showing fate are analyzed on the example of the Dictionary of 18th century Russian language. In the 18th century, there were active processes of development and changes in the vocabulary of the Russian language.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMING POTENTIAL OF THE VERBATIVE SYNLEXES OF MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Светлана Витальевна Чайковская
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Internet Resource ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Semantic Transformation ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

Введение. Проанализирован преобразовательный потенциал вербативных синлексов – устойчивых составных номинативных языковых единиц, функциональных аналогов глаголов. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили вербативные синлексы с разными глагольными компонентами («вести», «делать/сделать», «оказывать/оказать», «совершать/совершить» и др.), а источником данного материала – словарь-справочник В. М. Дерибаса «Устойчивые глагольно-именные словосочетания русского языка» (1979). Преобразовательные возможности вербативных синлексов выявлены и описаны с опорой на тексты разных стилей и жанров XX–XXI вв., размещенные в Национальном корпусе русского языка. Использован описательный метод и метод контекстуального анализа. Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлены и описаны следующие типы преобразований вербативных синлексов: структурные, семантические, синтаксические и словообразовательные. Структурные преобразования включают в себя эллипсис, контаминацию и расширение компонентного состава синлекса. Эллипсис и контаминация – редкие явления, которые используются для создания комического эффекта, передачи иронического отношения к кому-, чему-либо. Расширение компонентного состава – наиболее распространенный тип преобразования вербативных синлексов. Субстантивный компонент синлексов может распространяться прилагательным, существительным в косвенном падеже, целым сочетанием слов, числительным, инфинитивом. В структуре отдельных синлексов должно употребляться наречие или сравнение. Автор дает классификацию прилагательных – распространителей субстантивного компонента вербативных синлексов – с опорой на следующие критерии: 1) обязательность/факультативность; 2) единичность/множественность; 3) общеупотребительность/окказиональность; 4) принадлежность к тематической группе; 5) выполняемая функция (конкретизирующая, экспрессивно-оценочная, трансформационная). Семантическим преобразованием является развитие переносных значений у некоторых синлексов, генетически связанных с профессиональной сферой. К синтаксическим преобразованиям относится инверсия, которая выдвигает на первый план субстантивный компонент синлекса – его смысловой центр. Словообразовательный тип преобразований – это присоединение к существительному в составе синлекса суффикса, делающего все сочетание экспрессивным. Заключение. Будучи изначально нейтральными номинативными единицами, вербативные синлексы в результате разного рода преобразований получают экспрессивно-оценочный потенциал и обретают возможность более точно и детально характеризовать процесс, чем глаголы. Introduction. The article analyzes transformative potential of the verbative synlexes – stable composite units of language, functional analogues of verbs. Material and methods. Material of research is the verbative synlexes with different grammatical components (“vesti”, “delat’/sdelat’”, “okazyvat’/okazat’”, “sovershat’/sovershit’” etc.). The source of this material is the dictionary by V.M. Deribas “Stable verb-and-noun collocations of Russian language” (1979). The author of this article detects and describes transforming potential of the verbative synlexes with the support of the texts of different styles and genres of XX–XXI centuries from Internet resource “National Corpus of the Russian language” (http://www.ruscorpora.ru) and uses descriptive method and method of contextual analysis. Results and discussion. The article detects and describes following types of transformations of the verbative synlexes: structural, semantic, syntactical and derivational. Structural transformations include ellipsis, contamination and enlargement of composition of synlex. Ellipsis and contamination are unusual phenomena which create comic effect and show. Enlargement of composition of synlex is the most common type of verbative synlexes’ transformation. There are the following determinative components: adjective, noun in a form of oblique case, combinations of words, numeral, infinitive. It’s necessary to use an adverb or comparison in structure of some synlexes. The author classifies adjectives as structural components of verbative synlexes based on the following criteria: 1) obligatory/optional; 2) unit/multiple; 3) commonly used/occasional; 4) thematic group affiliation; 5) function (concretizing, expressive and estimating, transforming). Semantic transformation is the development of figurative meanings for some synlexes genetically connected with professional sphere. Inversion is a syntactical transformation which brings to the forefront a substantive component of synlex – its notional center. Derivational type of transformation is a connection an expressive suffix to substantive component of synlex which make expressive the whole combination. Conclusion. Being originally neutral units verbative synlexes as a result of different transformations get expressive and estimating potential and characterize a process more accurately and in greater detail than verb.

scholarly journals Calculation of Stages of Finite Verbs Modulation in the Russian Language

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Victor Shigurov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
System Use ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Evolution ◽  
The Russian Language

The problem of stepwise transposition of verbs into the category of parenthetical-modal units is considered in the paper. The research relevance is stipulated by insufficient knowledge of stepwise mechanisms of words and word forms transposition into other parts of speech and categories. The main purpose of the research is to calculate the stages and the limit of modulation for different groups of verbal units. General scientific, general linguistic and special methods (comparison, generalization; descriptive method, opposition, distribution and transformation analysis; linguistic experiment) were used as tools. The study of verb modulation stages has enables revealing the dynamics of corresponding fragments of the language system; use in the process of linguistic evolution of different ways of enhancing part of speech models, primarily due to their own, internal resources – "splitting" words and formation of new language units on the basis of a complex or individual word forms by means of interjectivation, partitioning, conjunctionalization, modulation, etc. It is established that the verbs belonging to different lexical groups are exposed to unequal modulation degree; finite verbs go through two to five stages of transposition until they are included into the category of parenthetical-modal units. The facts of a purely functional modulation of word forms occurring within the source verb lexemes, as well as their functional-and-semantic transposition into modal utterance components associated with the formation of lexical-and-grammatical homonyms are revealed. The results of the work can be used to create a transpositional grammar of the Russian language.

scholarly journals Russian cultural code in the polylogue of cultures of the Russian-Chinese and Mexican-American borderland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Voronchenko ◽  
◽  
Svetlana G. Korovina ◽  
Ekaterina V. Fyodorova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexican American ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the elements of Russian cultural code in folklore and literary works of the Russian-Chinese and Mexican-American borderlands. The object of the study is the texts united by the topos of the border. The borderland is considered as the place of the most intense interaction of cultures. The authors focus on the features of the polylogue of cultures at specific loci: Trekhrechye, Northern China (right bank of the border river Argun); California and Baja California (Mexican-American border) — historically marked by the “Russian presence”. These loci are characterized by linguistic contacts of the Russian language with Chinese and Evenk (Trekhrechye, right bank of the Argun River); Russian with English and Spanish (California and Baja California). The relevance of the study connected with the growing academic interest in the phenomenon of cultural and linguistic interaction in the borderlands. The authors explore significant units of Russian cultural code: personal names (anthroponyms), toponyms, exoticisms based on Russian song folklore of the Trekhrechye and the literary works of contemporary authors of the Russian-Chinese and Mexican-American borderlands (Chi Zijian, G. Valdes). The verbal cultural code contributes to the preservation and transmission of cultural information in a situation of close interaction with a foreign culture. The work uses comparative-historical, structural-semiotic and linguocultural research methods. The study confirms that specific linguistic units, onyms (anthroponyms, toponyms) and exoticisms, are significant elements of the Russian cultural code, which is actualized in the polylogue of cultures in borderland loci.

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