scholarly journals The Paragmatic Teaching of Oral Communication Skills in Arabic Language Teaching Programs for Speakers of other Languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 149-180
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Suleiman ◽  
Author(s):  
محمد الجراح

في ظل سعي كثير من العاملين في برامج تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها لتقنين هذه البرامج وفق أحد الأطر العالمية لتعليم اللغات، للوصول إلى العالمية والاعتماد، يركز العاملون في هذه البرامج على تقسيم المستويات اللغوية وفق أحد الأطر العالمية لتعليم اللغات، ويغفل بعضهم عن أهمية هذه الأطر لأسس برامج تعليم اللغة، المتمثلة بـ: معلم اللغة ومتعلِّمها، والمادة الدراسية، والمهارات اللغوية، والاختبارات، وعدد الساعات الدراسية. حيث يُعنى هذا البحث بإبراز أهمية الأطر العالمية لتعليم اللغات الأجنبية في بناء برامج اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها، ومن أشهر هذه الأطر: الإطار المرجعي الأوروبي المشترك للغات (CEFR). والمجلس الأمريكي لتعليم اللغات الأجنبية (ACTFL). ومن خلال الدراسة المسحية والمنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي، استطاع الباحث تبيان أهمية تقنين برامج تعليم اللغات وفق إطار مرجعي، ومدى الاستفادة من الأطر العالمية في تقنين أسس برامج تعليم اللغات في مجتمع الدراسة الذي تمثل ببرامج تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها في المملكة العربية السعودية. وقد بين هذا البحث أن أهمية الأطر العالمية لا تقتصر على تقسيم مستويات إلى اللغة لعدد محدد، بل لها دور كبير في تقنين أسس برامج تعليم اللغة كافة. الكلمات المفتاحية: العربية للناطقين بغيرها، إطار مرجعي، الإطار الأوروبي، المجلس الأمريكي As many practitioners in Teaching Arabic to Speakers of Other Languages Programs (TASOL) strive to standardize these programs according to one of the international frameworks of teaching languages to achieve universality and accreditation, they focus on dividing language levels in accordance with one of the international referential frameworks of teaching languages. However, some of these stakeholders neglect the importance of these frameworks to the components of language teaching programs represented by teachers, learners, curriculum, language skills, language tests, and the number of studying hours. As a result, this article is concerned with highlighting the importance of international frameworks of teaching foreign languages in the construction of Teaching Arabic to Speakers of Other Languages Programs, mainly the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL). Through the use of surveys and the inductive method, the researcher was able to demonstrate the importance of codifying language teaching programs in accordance with the referential frameworks and to highlight the extent to which international frameworks can be used to codify the components of Teaching Arabic Language to Speakers of Other Languages Programs in Saudi Arabia. This research has shown that the importance of international frameworks is not limited to dividing language levels into a specific number, but rather they have a major role in codifying all the components of language program. Keywords: Arabic to Speakers of Other Languages, Referential Frameworks, CEFR, ACTFL


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
LI SHUTING

This study reviews the importance of oral teaching in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The oral teaching of the primary stage of Chinese as a foreign language has different characteristics and properties from other languages and other stages of learning in terms of the nature of the subject and the stage of learning. The main goal of oral teaching is to improve students’ oral communication skills. The training of second language teaching skills is generally divided into listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation. The purpose of language teaching is to cultivate students’ ability to communicate in the language they have learned. This study introduces the problems that should be paid attention to in the primary stage of oral teaching, which is helpful in teaching oral Chinese as a foreign language. Teaching Chinese as a foreign language should take the cultivation of learners’ language communication skills as the main goal, which has become a consensus among people. Among the many courses of Chinese as a foreign language, oral course can be regarded as the most flexible and directly related to the actual communicative ability of the training language. Speaking class provides students with speaking opportunities, such that students can master spoken words, spoken grammar and spoken expression patterns; fully mobilise the language information accumulated in the brain memory bank for communication; and move up from language learning as soon as possible The ‘plateau area’ in China is a problem that teachers of oral English classes need to explore. This study aims to improve the effect of oral Chinese teaching in the primary stage of teaching as a foreign language and achieve the expected teaching goals. This study also discusses this issue from the principles of specific teaching implementation.


Author(s):  
Ismail Hasanein Ahmed Mohammad

ملخص البحث: يعتبر الاتصال الشفوي (الكلام) الوسيلة الفاعلة في بلورة الفكرة الكامنة لدى الفرد، وإخراجها بصورة صوتية تمثل تلك الفكرة تمثيلاً واضحاً، وإيصالها إلى الطرف الآخر –المستمع-دون لبس أو غموض، ويرى الباحث أن الطلبة غير العرب عند التّحدث باللغة العربية يتعثرون على الرغم من تخصصهم في تعلُّمِها بوصفها لغة ثانية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة أسباب إحجام الطلبة عن التحدث باللغة العربية، ومن ثَمَّ إبراز بعض الاستراتيجيات التي استخدمها الباحث في تعليم مهارة الاتصال الشفوي لطلبة بكالوريوس التربية، تخصص تعليم لغة عربية بوصفها لغة ثانية على مدى الخمس السنوات الماضية بالجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن تعليم وتعلم اللغة العربية خارج موطنها يعتريه كثير من العقبات تتمثل في البيئة المحيطة بالدارس، والمناهج والمقررات، والوسائل المعينة اللازمة، وينبغي أن يخصص وقت لممارسة الكلام باللغة العربية داخل الصفوف الدراسية، وإتاحة الفرصة لكل طالب أو طالبة في التعبير الشفوي، مع التشجيع الكامل من المعلم، ويتم تصحيح الخطأ بطريقة محفزة، وترصد لهم مكافآت ولو رمزية، تعزيزاً لدفعهم للكلام، وكسر حاجز الخوف والخجل، وإكسابهم الجسارة والجرأة والثقة. على أن يكون الوقت المخصص للكلام إلزاميا لجميع الطلبة دارسي اللغة العربية، ولكل المقررات المتعلقة باللغة. الكلمات المفتاحية: إحجام الطلبة - التخصص – اللغة الثانية- الاتصال الشفوي - الاستراتيجيات. Abstract: The oral communication (speech) is the effective method in developing the idea of the individual and to present it in clear representation and delivery to the other party — the listener-unambiguously. Since the oral communication is one of major concern of the target language, the teaching and learning requires using a variety of strategies to achieve the goal of language learning. The focus of this paper is the oral communication difficulties faced by non-Arab speaking students despite their specialization in learning Arabic as a second language. Therefore this paper aims to find out reasons why students con not communicate well in Arabic Language, and highlight some of the strategies used by the researcher in the teaching of oral communication skills for the Bachelor of education students, specializing in teaching Arabic as a second Language over the past five years in the International Islamic University-Malaysia, where the strategies used  had great impact in breaking the barrier of shyness of speaking in Arabic, and improved their performance in oral expression in multiple areas. From these strategies; the use of multimedia presentation, questions and answers, the excitement by viewing the strange or fantastic scenes that evoke the students to express them orally, and movements, representation, simulation and other strategies that draw the attention of students and encourages them to speak. As well as the cooperation and interaction between teacher and students and among the students themselves. The descriptive methodology will be applied in this paper to explore the teaching strategies implemented by the researcher in teaching oral communication skill, which shown great impact on students achievements.    Key Words: Motivating student – Major – Second language – Oral communication – strategies.   Abstrak: Pertuturan lisan ialah satu cara berkesan dalam mengembang idea seseorang itu untuk menjelaskan maksud kepada pihak kedua tanpa kesamaran. Memandangkan pertuturan lisan adalah satu aspek fokus bahasa yang dipelajari, pembeljaran dan pengajarannya memerlukan beberapa strategi untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran bahasa. Tumpuan kertas ini ialah terhadap permasalahan komunikasi yang dialami oleh pelajar bukan Arab walaupun mereka adalah pelajar pengkhususan Bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa kedua. Perbincangan tertumpuuntuk mencari sebab kelemahan pertuturan komunikasi lisan para pelajar dalam bahasa Arab dan beberapa strategi yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam mengajar kemahiran pertuturan lisan bahasa Arab untuk pelajar Sarjana Muda Bahasa Arab Pendidikan daripada lebih lima tahun pengalaman beliau di Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia. Startegi tersebut dilihat dapat memberi kesan dalam memecah kebuntuan sikap malu para pelajar bertutur dalam bahasa Arab dan meningkatkan penguasaan mereka dalam pelbagai bidang. Di antara strategi ini ialah: penggunaan multi-media, soal jawab, rasa kagum apabila diperlihatkan gambar yang pelik dan menarik menjadikanpelajar ingin menyatakan pendapat mereka secara lisan. Strategi lain juga termasuk: pergerakan, penampilan, simulasi dan pelbagai strategi yang menggalakkan pelajar bertutur serta sikap saling membantu dan interaksi di antara pensyarah dan pelajar. Kertas ini menggunakan metod deskriptif.   Kata kunci: Menggalakkan pelajar – pengkhususan – bahasa kedua – petuturan lisan – strategi.


Author(s):  
Anna Maria D'Amore

With the development of approaches and methods in Modern Language teaching that favoured oral communication skills and advocated more “natural” methods of second/foreign language acquisition, methodology calling for translation in the classroom was shunned. Nonetheless, translation used as a resource designed to assist the student in improving his or her knowledge of the foreign language through reading comprehension exercises, contrastive analysis, and reflection on written texts continues to be practiced. By examining student performance in problem-solving tasks at the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, this chapter aims to demonstrate the validity of “pedagogical translation” in ELT in Mexico, particularly at undergraduate level where it is an integral part of English reading courses in Humanities study programmes, not as an end in itself, but as a means to perfecting reading skills in a foreign language and furthermore as an aid for consolidating writing and communication skills in the student's first language.


Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1857-1859
Author(s):  
Mohd. Azam

The beginner of Arabic as a second language is usually eager first and foremost to attain a level of competency in accepting the culture that embodies the language. As literary arts concurrence the reader, listener and learner a certain pleasure associated with reflection and imagination, the educational material selected for the purpose should include literary texts that help in projecting the ideas and accommodating the linguistic rules. The education of Arabic language as a significant confluence. This is manifested by the extraordinary attention shown by speakers of other languages in Arabic language.


Author(s):  
Rijan Abduh Obeidat ◽  
Mohammed, A. Al-Qudah

ملخص البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى إجراء مقارنة تفصيليّة بين تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بلغات أخرى، للأغراض الخاصة، وتعليمها لأغراض الحياة (الأغراض العامة)، مع إجراء دراسة ميدانية على عينة من متعلمي العربية من غير الناطقين بها، في مركز اللغات في جامعة اليرموك للوقوف عند مدى قدرة الطلبة على تحديد الغرض من تعلّمهم للغة العربية، وتحديد حاجاتهم لها. وقد اُعتمد في البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي المستند إلى دراسة تطبيقية تعتمد على استبانة محدَّدة الأسئلة. وكان من أبرز النتائج التي توصّل إليها البحث: غياب الاستراتيجية العربية الموحَّدة على غرار الاستراتيجية الأوروبية في تعليم اللغات الحية (ومنها العربية)، وغلبة الرؤى الفردية التي يقدّمها دارسون مختصون، أو مراكز بحثية صغيرة، فيما يتعلق بالجانب النظري والتطبيقي على صعيد بناء البرامج، وغياب الجهود الجماعيّة المتكاملة التي تراكم الخبرات وتستفيد منها، والقصور الواضح في الدراسات التطبيقية التي تقدّم برامج لتعليم العربية لأغراض خاصة، والتداخل بين المفهومات الاصطلاحية، ولاسيّما العربية للحياة والعربية لأغراض خاصة، وغلبة الطابع الاجتهادي لبرامج العربية لكافة برامج تعليم العربية لغير الناطقين بها، نتيجة غياب الاستراتيجية العربية الموحدة. الكلمات المفتاحية: الناطقين بلغات أخرى-العربية للحياة-العربية لأغراض خاصّة-الفروق.   Abstract The study aims at conducting a detailed comparison between the teaching of Arabic language for non-native speakers for special and general purposes. A field study was conducted on a sample of non-native Arabic language learners at the Languages Center at Yarmouk university to identify the learners’ ability to determine their purpose and need of studying the Arabic language. The descriptive analytical methods were used in the applied part of the study through a limited number of questionnaires. The most salient conclusions  of the study are: lack of unified Arab strategy similar to European strategy for teaching live languages (including Arabic); dominance of individual visions, provided by specialized scholars or small research centres, concerning theoretical and applied aspects on creating programs as well as the lack of integrated and collective efforts that accumulate experiences to benefit from them; the clear shortage in applied studies that offer programs for teaching Arabic, for special purposes; overlapping between concept to understand teaching Arabic for life and Arabic for special purposes; dominance of ad hoc approach in Arabic language for all Arabic language teaching programs for foreigners, as a result of the lack of unified Arab strategy. Keywords: teaching Arabic language, non-native speakers, special purposes, life purposes.   Abstrak Kajian ini bertujuan membandingkan di antara mengajar bahasa Arab kepada bukan penutur asli untuk tujuan umum dan khusus. Satu kajian lapangan telah dijalankan terhadap pelajar-pelajar bukan Arab di Pusat Bahasa Universiti Yarmouk untuk mengenalpasti kebolehan mereka untuk menentukan tujuan dan keperluan mempelajari bahasa Arab. Metod deskriptif dan analitikal digunakan untuk bahagian practical kajian melalui agihan soal selidik. Di antara dapatan terpenting kajian ialah: kekurangan strategi bersama Arab yang serupa dengan strategi negara Eropah untuk mengajar bahasa hidup (termasuk bahasa Arab) ; penguasaan visi individu yang diberikan oleh pakar atau pusat-pusat kajian yang kecil berkenaan aspek-aspek teori dan praktikal dalam membuat program juga kekurangan kerjasama untuk memanfaatkan pengalaman masing-masing sebaik mungkin; kekurangan yang jelas dalam kajian gunaan yang menawarkan kursus-kursus dalam pengajaran Bahasa Arab untuk tujuan khas; pertindihan di antara konsep untuk memahami pengajaran bahasa Arab untuk tujuan kehidupan dan khas; banyaknya pendekatan tidak terancang dalam program pengajaran Bahasa Arab kepada bukan Arab kerana ketiadaan inisiatif strategik untuk mengisi jurang tersebut. Kata kunci: Pengajaran Bahasa Arab – bukan penutur Arab asal – tujuan khas – tujuan kehidupan  


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Sualih Mussa Akalu

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of context specific task-based language teaching approach on students’ oral communication skills. The study was conducted on grade 9 students of Addisalem Secondary school which is found in northern Ethiopia. For this purpose, quasi-experimental research design was employed. Two sections which contained 92 grade 9 students were selected using purposive sampling technique based on similarity of group identification test score. After identifying the control and experimental groups, speaking test (pre-and post-test) and students’ questionnaire (for experimental groups only) were used to get data. To test the reliability of the speaking test, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated. The internal consistency of the questionnaire gained from 27 pilot group students was 0.783. Thus, the tools of this study were reliable. The validity of the treatment manual, the pre-test and the post-test were also evaluated by two well experienced EFL teachers in a nearby school. T-tests were run to compare the improvement between and within groups. When we see the findings of the study, the paired sample t-test result revealed that the experimental group students showed a progress in their oral communication proficiency after the treatment. There was statistically significant differences at (sig.2-tailed=0.000) between the mean scores of the experimental group on the speaking pre-test and post-test. Again, the result of the independent sample t-test indicated that there were statistically significant differences  (sig.2-tailed=0.000) between the mean scores of the experimental group exposed to the designed context specific task-based program, and the control group receiving the tasks in the text book on the post-test in oral communication proficiency. Moreover, the result of experimental group students' questionnaire showed that task-based instruction had a positive impact on students' oral communication skill, as well. Finally, based on the findings of the study, the researchers forwarded ideas to improve the students’ oral communication.Key words: task based, oral communication, effect


2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Habiba Qureshi ◽  
Fareeha Javed ◽  
Sana Baig

This research attempted to identify the psychological factors that affect the speaking performance of students enrolled in Postgraduate English Language Teaching programs in Pakistan. A quantitative approach was used to address the main aim of this study. The participants of the research were 100 postgraduate students enrolled in English Language Teaching (ELT) and Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) programs of public sector higher education institutions and universities in Pakistan. The findings revealed that many students in this study reported finding it difficult to speak in English in foreign language classrooms due to psychological factors like lack of selfconfidence, lack of self-esteem, fear of making mistakes, shyness, anxiety and motivation mainly. The findings also revealed that almost all the psychological factors are interlinked with each other and have a direct effect on the speaking performance of the students in this study.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Nor Azhan Norul’Azmi ◽  
Noor Shamshinar Zakaria

Nonverbal communication skills (NVC) are the cornerstone of effective teaching and facilitation process among teachers. Due to the development of information technology and its influence on education practices, the implementation of this communication via online platform should be mastered by teachers as well. The discussion uses a meta-analysis approach by investigating previous studies to identify issues of NVC practice in online Arabic language teaching. The results showed that there are some issues of NVC practice in Arabic Language teaching and facilitating process via online platforms. The issue of NVC practice among teachers during teaching process in traditional or online classrooms still exists despite their knowledge in subject matter itself. Among them are the weaknesses in verbal communication practices as well as external factors such as the workload and technology support. The implications of this study suggest that teachers who teach traditionally need to first improve their weaknesses in their NVC skills as it will be harder in online teaching process. Teachers cannot avoid following the current trend of teaching and learning as the need for education is constantly changing when current technologies take place. Thus, infrastructure and technology need to be developed in tandem with excellent communication skills. ABSTRAK Kemahiran komunikasi bukan lisan (KBL) adalah tonggak kepada keberkesanan pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan guru. Oleh kerana pembangunan teknologi maklumat dan pengaruhnya terhadap amalan pendidikan, maka pelaksanaan komunikasi ini perlu dikuasai oleh guru secara atas talian. Penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan meta analisis, iaitu dengan cara merujuk kajian lepas bagi mengenalpasti isu pelaksanaan KBL dalam pengajaran Bahasa Arab melalui atas talian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat isu pelaksanaan KBL dalam pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) Bahasa Arab melalui atas talian. Isu pelaksanaan KBL dalam kalangan guru ketika pelaksanaan PdPc dalam bilik darjah tradisional dan atas talian masih berlaku walaupun mereka mempunyai ilmu pengetahuan terhadap subjek Bahasa Arab. Antara isu yang dikenalpasti ialah kelemahan amalan komunikasi lisan dan juga faktor luaran seperti bebanan tugas yang dipikul oleh guru dan sokongan teknologi. Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa guru yang mengajar secara tradisional perlu memperbaiki kelemahan dalam kemahiran KBL terlebih dahulu. Ini kerana ia akan menjadi bertambah sukar sekiranya proses PdPc dijalankan secara atas talian. Guru tidak dapat mengelak daripada mengikuti arus perubahan PdPc era baharu ini kerana desakan dan keperluan teknologi dalam pendidikan sentiasa berubah dari masa ke masa. Demikian, prasarana dan teknologi perlu dibangunkan seiring dengan kejituan dalam kemahiran komunikasi.


2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 221-231
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye DRAME

School dictionary is one of the tools for language teaching to foreigners. It provides the foreign learner with linguistic vocabulary along with its etymological, social and figurative meanings. It develops his communication skills, especially if the dictionary is designed for foreigners, written according to the standards and principles of language teaching to non-native speakers; it contains words that correspond to the age and age group, and to the objectives of Arabic language teaching. These words feature social and cultural meanings, general information, local and Arabic civilizational expressions. The dictionary has structures, expressions and words that meet the linguistic, cultural and scientific needs of learners suitable for their age, cultural and scientific level.


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