scholarly journals Social Changes and “Points of no Return”: an Attempt to Conceptualize

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Daria Yashkina
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Value Changes

The modern world is characterized by fluidity, changeability, and unpredictability. In particular, social life is full of events that often inspire fear, affect and have unpredictable social effects. Almost every community faces such events: economic crises, political revolutions, environmental disasters, terrorist acts, and so on. Modern sociology pays much attention to the individual consequences and causes of such events, but in practice, a deep global change is remaining uncovered. The value of the presented work consists in an attempt to conceptualize the points of noreturn, in order to introduce the possibility of analyzing such driven events and to find the connection betweenthe points of no return and value changes. As the main result of the study, the author's definition of the points of noreturn was deduced.

Existentialism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Guignon
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Scientific Systems

The term ‘existentialism’ is sometimes reserved for the works of Jean-Paul Sartre, who used it to refer to his own philosophy in the 1940s. But it is more often used as a general name for a number of thinkers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries who made the concrete individual central to their thought. Existentialism in this broader sense arose as a backlash against philosophical and scientific systems that treat all particulars, including humans, as members of a genus or instances of universal laws. It claims that our own existence as unique individuals in concrete situations cannot be grasped adequately in such theories, and that systems of this sort conceal from us the highly personal task of trying to achieve self-fulfilment in our lives. Existentialists therefore start out with a detailed description of the self as an ‘existing individual’, understood as an agent involved in a specific social and historical world. One of their chief aims is to understand how the individual can achieve the richest and most fulfilling life in the modern world. Existentialists hold widely differing views about human existence, but there are a number of recurring themes in their writings. First, existentialists hold that humans have no pregiven purpose or essence laid out for them by God or by nature; it is up to each one of us to decide who and what we are through our own actions. This is the point of Sartre’s definition of existentialism as the view that, for humans, ‘existence precedes essence’. What this means is that we first simply exist - find ourselves born into a world not of our own choosing - and it is then up to each of us to define our own identity or essential characteristics in the course of what we do in living out our lives. Thus, our essence (our set of defining traits) is chosen, not given. Second, existentialists hold that people decide their own fates and are responsible for what they make of their lives. Humans have free will in the sense that, no matter what social and biological factors influence their decisions, they can reflect on those conditions, decide what they mean, and then make their own choices as to how to handle those factors in acting in the world. Because we are self-creating or self-fashioning beings in this sense, we have full responsibility for what we make of our lives. Finally, existentialists are concerned with identifying the most authentic and fulfilling way of life possible for individuals. In their view, most of us tend to conform to the ways of living of the ‘herd’: we feel we are doing well if we do what ‘one’ does in familiar social situations. In this respect, our lives are said to be ‘inauthentic’, not really our own. To become authentic, according to this view, an individual must take over their own existence with clarity and intensity. Such a transformation is made possible by such profound emotional experiences as anxiety or the experience of existential guilt. When we face up to what is revealed in such experiences, existentialists claim, we will have a clearer grasp of what is at stake in life, and we will be able to become more committed and integrated individuals.

scholarly journals STRATEGIES OF OPTIMAL IMPLEMENTATION OF PRINCIPLES OF TOLERANCE IN CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Ilia Valerievich Mametev
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Optimal Implementation

The article analyzes the implementation of the principles of tolerance in the modern world. The lack of a single definition of this concept makes the researchers clarify the definition of tolerance in terms of its importance as a virtue. The directivity of tolerance may be different, but it is important that it does not go beyond universal human values that protect the sound development of the society and individuals. This leads to the necessity of a scientific substantiation of the tolerance limits. The development of critical thinking contributes to the fact that the individual is really able to be imbued with the diversity of cultures and ways of life within the framework of universal values, not exceeding the limits of tolerance. The formation of this type of thinking contributes to increasing the empathy of the individual, flexible perception of different types of being, adequate decision-making on different problem situations, which contributes to the ability to determine the limits of tolerant attitudes towards the Other.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LITERATURE OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE. PHONETIC ASPECTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
N. Levitska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Social Life ◽  
German Language ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
German Standard ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Norm Evolution

Linguists emphasize the importance of a structural-systematic approach to language learning, which helps to increase interest in solving the problem of language normativeness. The term “norm”, like many other terms in linguistics, is polysemous. At the same time, an important and still insufficiently disclosed aspect of the study of language norms is the definition of its essence in nationally heterogeneous languages, in particular in German standard language, which actualizes the study of autonomous norms of national variants of German, their identical and nationally specific features. Understanding the uniqueness of the codification of phonetic realities in the German language is relevant in the context of the traditions of Western European lexicography and the process of globalization and increasingly affects the linguistic spheres. The article is dedicated to the study of the notion of German orthoepic norm, the problem of its definition and mechanisms of its formation. The notion of the norm is rather ambiguous and its different aspects are usually highlighted by scientists when giving its definition. Generally they mark out two principal dimensions in the notion of the norm: the objective norm and the subjective norm. In conditions of community development, continuous linguistic and social changes, interdependent and interacting, the norm is a fundamental regulator of speech activity. It is clear that normative speech is the obligatory sign of well-educated, cultured person and the culture of sounding speech is an important aspect of national culture such as the culture of written word, communication or social life in general. The orthoepic German norm has been evolved in the process of Germanlanguage development. It is absolutely related to historical, social and culture processes. The norms are not invented by philologists, they reflect a certain stage of literary language development. In the article the role of the norm and its place in the language is defined and norm evolution in the process of language establishment and development is considered

scholarly journals The Impact of Societal Transformations on the Urban Spaces During the Local Festivals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Rasha A. Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Urban Spaces had played an important role in the individuals’ psychological life and in their integration with their environment as it’s considered as the mediator through which the interactions between people with each other and with their natural environment, they can exchange their cultures and spread activities. Despite its importance, many communities suffer from the absence of positive communication between individuals and place they belong to or lack of happiness while being in it. The reason for that is the ignorance of some urban designer to the role of the humanity in the process of the design and its impact on the formation of the urban spaces, though through urban design the complexities of the place can be managed and a general framework for change can be created by designing a compatible and sustainable space for users depending on the events and activities located in it that show political, social and economic transformations that occurs to the communities and affect the social development for individuals. Although there are social diversity among members of the same community but it was observed that there is a similarity in their behaviors towards certain positions, which expresses their culture. Social celebrations (Festivals) are considered the most effective patronize for social formats impact on the spatial formation, as it helps in supporting the idea of individuals’ belonging to the place since the human there is the main sponsor for forming the spaces that contain all the activities and events that may be specific or temporary with a time or an event, and thus it was essential to show physical and non-physical components for space formation in order to gain access to identify the reciprocal relationship between the individual and the place and highlight the most important and successful spatial expressions that help boost the spirit of communication between individuals and develop a sense of belonging to the place. The paper examines how the dynamics of social life at the local scale are shaped by the special spatial arrangements created for urban festival events by the observation of the social changes impact on the resulting urban transformations during festival and its role in individuals’ sense of belonging substation.

scholarly journals Politics and historical revisionism: Flows of relativizaton of collaborationism and normalization of „Ravna Gora antifascism“

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-177
Author(s):  
Safet Bandžović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
National Politics ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Historical Revisionism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

At the end of the 20th century, the perception of peoples and states on their own past changed profoundly in the Balkans as well, with major geopolitical changes. Its processing and instrumentalization are encouraged by the complex permeation of the global relationship between national and ideological forces and local ruling interests. Every political and ideological victory, "must find its legitimate stronghold in the past." The disintegration of the ideological paradigm and the Yugoslav state union was accompanied by a balancing of the past from the outside, in accordance with the interests of the time and dominant politics, the accelerated construction of new national identities, the outbreak of a "civil war between different memories", the reversal of consciousness. These processes in the post-Yugoslav countries, in "transitional historiography", along with the new "reduction of totality", led to "retraditionalization", to the problematic waves of historical revisionism especially related to the Second World War, the correction of the so-called historical injustices, normalization of collaborationism, nationalization and relativization of the notion of anti-fascism. National historiographies in these countries have made a turn from the former glorification of the People's Liberation Movement (NOP) to its relativization, as part of the general trend of radical "re-nationalization". None of them carried out such a "thorough confrontation with the anti-fascism" of the NOP as Serbia. Numerous historians, with the participation of parascientific formations, give legitimacy to constructions of devaluing the anti-fascist legacy and rehabilitating Quisling forces. The falsification of history has also led to the relativization of their responsibility at the expense of those who have in part confirmed themselves as anti-fascists. Revanchist historiography imposes alternative truths. There is a real consensus on the definition of "good" nationalism, which for many is "elementary patriotism". Various nationalist currents are portrayed as anti-fascist. The collaborationist forces defeated in 1945 became "misunderstood victims of historical destiny." Their actions are placed in the context of their anti-communism, promoted in reasonable national politics. Derogating from anti-fascism also led to "anti-anti-fascism". He relativizes the crimes of fascists and collaborators, re-evaluates victims and executioners. It is not common practice for "historical truths" to be written in parliaments and promulgated by law, as has happened in Serbia. Courts and parliaments cannot valorize someone’s historical role. Historical science can do that. Revisionism is based on selective forgetting and the construction of a "desirable history", it is "a reworking of the past carried by clear or covert intentions to justify narrower national or political goals." The obvious expression is "political culture in a society, that is, it speaks of the dominant political value orientations in it". Judicial rehabilitation is understood as an ideological and political measure of revision of history. A distinction should be made between the individual rehabilitation of innocent victims of persecution by the authorities after 1945 and a light revision of history. The political and ideological aspects of rehabilitation, with the support of the media and the pseudo-legal mechanism, include manipulating a number of topics to delegitimize the system that changed social, economic, political and national relations after 1945 - characteristic of monarchist Yugoslavia. In revisionist historiography, communists are treated as opponents of Serbian national interests ("red devils"), intruders in national history, and the socialist revolution as an excess. With the adoption of certain laws and the application of a whole arsenal of rhetorical means and concealment of a number of historical facts, the notion of Draža Mihailović's Chetnik movement in Ravna Gora was especially reworked, neglecting and relativizing his criminal practice, to make this "new anti-fascist" side a desirable "pre-communist ancestor". "authorities. This collaborationist movement is also relieved through anti-communism, it is marked as patriotic and anti-totalitarian. His rehabilitation in Serbia has multiple meanings and consequences in its social life, but also in regional relations.

scholarly journals Humanizacja w XXI wieku nowoczesnego podmiotu

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Irena Grochowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Individual Person ◽  
The World ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Final Effect ◽  
Mature Person

The crisis of sense, which affects us badly nowadays, causes us to reflect on and promote new solutions as well as create personalities fulfilling the requirements of the modern world. The answer requires a comprehensive analysis of the problem in order to present the integral vision of the man in the world. The attempt to shape the survival man and the features he should possess has its justification in the influence of the environment on the integral shaping of the man and his survival. The need for ecological reflection is caused by intensive changes in political and social life. The approach based on ecological space and eco-development requires a properly shaped and mature personality. In contemporary civilization obligations, jobs and responsibilities too often are beyond the capabilities of an individual person. The responsible, "auxiliary" functions require the integrally shaped person rather than learning the individual roles. Therefore, the important hierarchy in shaping the man has a considerable influence on the final effect, which is the "real" man. Education, formation, and then, on this foundation, training for particular roles and jobs taking into account the structure and condition of the man as well as all his internal and external conditions, may lead to the fully mature person, ready to undertake activities in agreement with the defined aims.

scholarly journals Call for papers: LGBTI+ population and healthcare context

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Luca Giustiniano ◽  
Paolo Gubitta ◽  
Giovanni Masino ◽  
Luca Solari ◽  
Teresina Torre
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Collective Creation

The call for paper clearly builds on the WOA 2019’s theme, acknowledging that organization theory and practice are progressively challenged and enriched by conflicting expectations expressed by a plethora of stakeholders whose answers have often to be found by the embracement of academic multidisciplinarity – i.e. the borrowing of constructs and models from other fields. In this fluid reality, organizations tend to be more problematic to design while extremely meaningful as privileged points of observations of phenomena. In this vein, they result as “convenient microcosms” where scholars and managers can observe the emergence of the unexpected, the craft of the new, the unfolding of novel practices and meanings. Anchoring the idea of organization (and organizing) to the Chester Barnard’s intuition of “fabrics of social life”, identity and pluralism are therefore put to the test as reality challenges what we know. As the WOA 2019 theme statement recalls: “Technology is reshaping the meaning of division of work and coordination, and even the borders of what is human in and around organizations, anticipating the emergence of robots and machine-based agents. Global socio-demographic processes are leading to massive migration processes and changes in the focus of economic processes. Societal values are changing the habits and patterns of consumption and the use of resources. Many other challenges are waiting for us to consider them in our theorizing and researching”. Moving from the philosophical roots of the ego consciousness, studies on pluralism and organizational identity have variously addressed what is believed to be foundational, valid, central and meaningful by organizational members, however the organizational boundaries would have been defined. Such studies have spanned from the questioning of the individual fit (via her/his self) with the organizational values and culture, to value-based and cognitive-enacted links glueing entire dispersed communities, passing though teams and more traditional forms of organizing (associations, companies, etc.). In this heterogeneous and magmatic manifestation of the “real”, individuals and organizations of various kind, nature and size struggle with the definition of their identities (sensegiving), the result of the individual and collective creation of meaning (respectively, perceptions/projections vs. sensemaking/sensebreaking), the processes through which they try to survive juggling with different affordances of pluralism and identity. With this call for paper we want to address all these issues by soliciting the submission of papers that, grounded in rigorous studies, embrace in a novel way the challenge to reflect on the “who, what and how” organizations can deal with pluralism and identity, yet attempting to thrive while exposed to fluid and uncertain environments. Full paper submission deadline: 31st May 2019

scholarly journals Liberty in Harmony: An Integration of Confucian Harmony and Liberalism in Contemporary China

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Global Context ◽  
New Confucianism ◽  
Public Ethics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Degree Of Convergence ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract As the mainstream ideology, Confucian harmony deeply influences ways of thinking and social life in the East. Contemporary China has experienced quite a radical change since the Xīnhài Revolution in 1911. It also marked the re-examination of Confucianism, i.e. the development of New Confucianism. New Confucianism needs to encourage China to fit the modern and global context. Therefore, the revival of Confucian harmony must remake itself to fit the modern world. A certain degree of convergence between Confucian harmony and liberalism, the mainstream ideology in the West, is necessary. Personal improvement is a hotly disputed idea among Chinese Confucians and Western liberals because transformation of public ethics is closely related to transformations of the self. This paper argues the importance of integration between harmony and liberalism. What is important is to explore how each tradition can shed light on theoretical and practical issues regarding harmony between the individual and the community, rather than individual sovereignty over communal claims in ideological studies.

Existentialism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Guignon
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Scientific Systems

The term ‘existentialism’ is sometimes reserved for the works of Jean-Paul Sartre, who used it to refer to his own philosophy in the 1940s. But it is more often used as a general name for a number of thinkers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries who made the concrete individual central to their thought. Existentialism in this broader sense arose as a backlash against philosophical and scientific systems that treat all particulars, including humans, as members of a genus or instances of universal laws. It claims that our own existence as unique individuals in concrete situations cannot be grasped adequately in such theories, and that systems of this sort conceal from us the highly personal task of trying to achieve self-fulfilment in our lives. Existentialists therefore start out with a detailed description of the self as an ‘existing individual’, understood as an agent involved in a specific social and historical world. One of their chief aims is to understand how the individual can achieve the richest and most fulfilling life in the modern world. Existentialists hold widely differing views about human existence, but there are a number of recurring themes in their writings. First, existentialists hold that humans have no pregiven purpose or essence laid out for them by God or by nature; it is up to each one of us to decide who and what we are through our own actions. This is the point of Sartre’s definition of existentialism as the view that, for humans, ‘existence precedes essence’. What this means is that we first simply exist – find ourselves born into a world not of our own choosing – and it is then up to each of us to define our own identity or essential characteristics in the course of what we do in living out our lives. Thus, our essence (our set of defining traits) is chosen, not given. Second, existentialists hold that people decide their own fates and are responsible for what they make of their lives. Humans have free will in the sense that, no matter what social and biological factors influence their decisions, they can reflect on those conditions, decide what they mean, and then make their own choices as to how to handle those factors in acting in the world. Because we are self-creating or self-fashioning beings in this sense, we have full responsibility for what we make of our lives. Finally, existentialists are concerned with identifying the most authentic and fulfilling way of life possible for individuals. In their view, most of us tend to conform to the ways of living of the ‘herd’: we feel we are doing well if we do what ‘one’ does in familiar social situations. In this respect, our lives are said to be ‘inauthentic’, not really our own. To become authentic, according to this view, an individual must take over their own existence with clarity and intensity. Such a transformation is made possible by such profound emotional experiences as anxiety or the experience of existential guilt. When we face up to what is revealed in such experiences, existentialists claim, we will have a clearer grasp of what is at stake in life, and we will be able to become more committed and integrated individuals.

Polityka presuicydalna w państwie – wybrane aspekty bezpieczeństwa obywatela

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Marlena Stradomska
Keyword(s):  
Civic Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article is an analysis of the deliberations on legal and psychological issues. The thesis will include the most important theses on factors protecting against the act of suicide in relation to social life. In the 21st century, the problem of self-destruction is extremely significant, because every year many citizens in each country take their lives. An important aspect is that an individual feeling safe in the family, the local environment, society and the state has a better chance of maintaining mental well-being. The issue of citizenship lies on the border between administrative law and international law. Each state imposes many duties on its citizens, grants them rights as well as takes responsibility for them and protects them against foreign states. The starting point for existing legal regulations concerning the institution of Polish and international citizenship should be the definition of the concept and its practical consequences. This knowledge will determine further considerations regarding the treatment of a citizen as responsible for his fate of an individual who has certain characteristics, obligations, as well as rights and opportunities. In the present sense, citizenship is considered a legal state of submission on the legal status of a natural person. About civic education in the broader aspect should take care of the smallest social group which is the family. The task of this social unit is first and foremost a civic education of the individual, it also depends on implanting the citizen with respect and love for the homeland and shaping the national idea. In this case, the work will refer to suicide policy issues and protective factors that may weigh and determine the aspect related to the citizen's mental life.

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