scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
N. Bykovskaya ◽  
Evgeniy Barishevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
The Relationship

The article on the example of the Moscow region investigated the relationship between the increase in crop yields and changes in climates - temperature, rainfall. The obtained correlation coefficients showed an inverse relationship: an increase in temperature in the summer affects a decrease in crop yields. The dependence of yields on the amount of precipitation in the warm period is moderate, stronger for vegetable crops. To adapt agricultural production in the Moscow region to climatic changes, it was proposed to introduce the development of regenerative meadow farming as climate-saving land use. The concept of "Climatefields" has been successfully tested in Germany.

scholarly journals Effect of Three Ca Sources Applied On Peanuts I. Productivity and Seed Quality1

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hallock ◽  
A. H. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relative effectiveness of United States Gypsum granular 420 Landplaster Bulk (420-Bulk) and Texasgulf Gypsum (Tg Gypsum) were compared with finely ground anhydrite (Bagged-LP) as sources of supplemental Ca for Florigiant peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Treatments included the above sources at rates of 605 kg/ha banded (61 cm) or 907 kg/ha broadcast (91-cm wide rows) of CaSO4 equivalent per unit area covered (double these rates of 420-Bulk and Bagged-LP also were applied in 1977). Times of application were planting, planting + ca 30 days, and early flowering stage. The experiments were located on Kenansville lfs (Arenic Hapludult) in 1977 and on Rumford lfs (Typic Hapludult) in 1978. The Ca treatments increased crop yields from 360 to 1,200 kg/ha and crop value (yield × price) from $343 to $889/ha over the check in 1977. Slightly lower yield increases were obtained in 1978 when dry conditions prevailed during fruit maturation. Kernel size grades were improved markedly by all Ca treatments in 1977. There was a definite trend both years (significant in 1978) toward higher productivity when the Ca sources were applied at the early flowering stage compared to earlier applications. No difference was noted between methods of application of Bagged-LP or Tg Gypsum in 1978. Double rates of Bagged-LP or 420-Bulk in 1977 did not increase productivity over the low rates. A single application of Bagged-LP was as effective as split applications in the 1978 test. Germinability of seed in 1977 averaged 85% or higher for all Ca treatments. Seed germination in 1978 averaged 75%, 69% and 74% in plots where Tg Gypsum, 420-Bulk or Bagged-LP was applied, respectively. Germination was lowest in the check plots both years. Germinability and seed-Ca contents were significantly higher in 1978 when the Ca sources were applied at the early flowering stage (ca July 1) than 15 days earlier. Seed-Ca contents both years and K contents in 1978 were significantly correlated with germinability. The correlation coefficients were only 0.4 in each case and the relationship was negative for K. In general, 420-Bulk, Tg Gypsum, or Bagged-LP were equally effective sources of supplemental Ca for peanuts. However, when fruit mature under very dry conditions 420-Bulk may be somewhat inferior to the other Ca sources especially when applied before early flowering.

Land use planning and overseas production

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Rajabi ◽  
Hugo A. Loáiciga
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Land use planning is defined as the regulation of the relationship between space and human activities. Space occupied by human settlements, farmland and forests, parks, fallow land, rivers and lakes, and by transportation networks constitutes a network of areas dedicated to land uses such as agriculture, forestry, rangeland, industry, mining, recreation, and fishing. Land use planning is a comprehensive and long-term approach to planning human relations and their activities in space; it is the task of regulating and coordinating the strategies and general orientations of sectors, and it is the foundation of economies and human activities. The purpose of land use planning is to achieve an optimal distribution of economic and social activities. Land use selection and management are commonly done without regard to the carrying capacity of the land which, when exceeded, results in economic losses and in a reduction of environmental quality. The overall goal of land use planning is to achieve the optimal use of the land within the national interest framework. Accordingly, formulating a successful plan for managing the development of a country requires proper attention to the roles of geography and land use. Creation of a suitable balance between the Earth and its use by human activities can be achieved by proper land management. The increasing importance of environmental issues and human alteration of natural environments calls for sustainable development and land use practices that conserve natural resources while benefiting society and the environment. Nowadays, due to many factors such as climate change, population growth, changing standards of living, poverty, access to education, and mismanagement of natural and water resources, there is a need to diversify food and agricultural production in a variety of ways. Overseas cultivation is one of them, and it has potential for improving agricultural production. The practice of overseas cultivation by a country means planting and harvesting of a variety of agricultural products in other countries to be sold in its domestic market or in foreign markets. There are five basic principles that underline the success of overseas cultivation involving any group of countries: (1) mutual respect for the governance of all countries; (2) making and abiding by agreements between the countries; (3) non-interference in the internal problems of each country and respect for the territorial integrity of all countries; (4) optimal use of human resources and capacities to support agricultural activities and trade; and (5) expanding security and military cooperation.

Landscape and Land Use in First Millennium BC Southeast Italy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Lentjes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
First Millennium Bc ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Land

This book offers a comprehensive overview of landscape and land use in southeast Italy in the first millennium BCE. Using the most up-to-date techniques, it combines archaeobotanical and archaeozoological data with information from excavations, field surveys, and ancient written texts to place the relationship between people and landscapes in a broad geographical and chronological framework. It also confronts questions of food habits, the scale and organisation of agricultural production, the influx of Greek and Roman colonists, and the effects of globalisation on local and regional land use.

scholarly journals The Influence of Weather Conditions on the Mortality from Bronchitis and Pneumonia in Children

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Young
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

In the preceding pages, an analysis has been made of the correlation coefficients found between the number of fatal cases from bronchitis, pneumonia and respiratory diseases, or the two summed together, in children under five years of age in London, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Dundee, and the meteorological factors, mean and mean minimum temperature, mean relative humidity and mean rainfall, for a period of from 40 to 50 years; and between the death-rates from bronchitis, pneumonia and respiratory diseases amongst children at the same period of life in the registration counties of England and Wales in the decennia, 1901–10 and 1891–1900, and their mean annual temperature and mean annual rainfall and it seems warrantable to draw the following conclusions.1. The meteorological factor, amongst those investigated, that seems to exercise the greatest influence in predisposing to an increased mortality from, and presumably an increased incidence of, bronchitis in children in the cities, is the prevailing temperature. In accordance with the average duration of the disease, the mortality is most intimately related to the mean temperature of the preceding week and is, on the average, as closely related to the temperature of two weeks before as it is to that of the corresponding week. The relationship is inverse, the lower the mean temperature the greater the fatality from bronchitis. As suggested by Dr Leonard Hill, the cold weather probably compels children to remain indoors in stuffy, overheated rooms where infection is intensified and health weakened by heat stagnation, a lowered metabolism and want of sunlight.2. While there is a suggestion from some of the correlation coefficients found, that pneumonia in children may have some inverse relationship to mean temperature this association is not shown in the monthly or weekly data generally.3. There is a definite inverse relationship between the mortality from the respiratory diseases, or bronchitis and pneumonia summed together, and the mean temperature; and, as occurs with bronchitis, the relationship to the mean temperature of the preceding week is closer than to that of the corresponding week.4. The mortalities from bronchitis, pneumonia and respiratory diseases (bronchitis and pneumonia summed together), in children under five years in the registration counties of England and Wales, are inversely associated with the mean annual temperature in the corresponding counties. This association still persists after allowance is made for the proportion of each county which is urban, a proportion which has been taken as a rough index of industrial conditions therein.5. The mortalities from bronchitis and pneumonia in children in the cities examined and in the registration counties are not influenced in any consistent manner or degree by the amount of rainfall.6. While the coefficients of correlation between the corrected monthly deaths from bronchitis and respiratory diseases, respectively, and the corresponding mean monthly humidity in Glasgow seem to suggest the existence of a significant direct association between these variables, viz. the moister the atmosphere, the higher the death-rate from bronchitis; such a relationship is not definitely indicated in the coefficients found for the other cities. The magnitude of the coefficients for Glasgow is apparently determined, in some degree, by the periodicity in the mortality figures. It is probable, however, that the periodicity is not wholly responsible for the correlation found as the correlation coefficients between the mean temperature and the deviations in the same monthly data from the five-yearly moving average—the method adopted to eliminate the effect of the periodicity—are not very different from those found by using the actual figures. There would appear to be some evidence for the view that a high relative humidity, when associated with a low temperature, has some influence in predisposing to an increased mortality from the respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF LAND ON THE EFFICIENCY OF LAND USE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION COOPERATIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
N.A. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers changes in the legislation on the circulation of agricultural land, which are aimed at stimulating the development of property institutions and land leases, as well as modern trends in the organizational and legal relations between owners and tenants of agricultural land. The contribution of the resource potential of agricultural production cooperatives to the development of the resource base of agriculture has been assessed using the example of the Udmurt Republic. Factors of organizational and legal order have been identified, which affect the level of development of internal production cooperation. The impact of organizational and legal factors concerning the registration of land plots on the effectiveness of agricultural production cooperatives has been analyzed and assessed. The factor that characterizes the relationship between the level of legal registration of land and the efficiency of land use is justified. It is recommended to apply this factor to adjust various estimates of land turnover. There is a weak relationship between the organizational and legal forms of land management and the profitability and current liquidity of cooperatives in relation to the municipal districts of the Udmurt Republic. Conclusions are drawn on the state and trends of development of intra-industrial cooperation.

scholarly journals Modeling Land Use and Land Cover Change: Using a Hindcast to Estimate Economic Parameters in gcamland v2.0

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine V. Calvin ◽  
Abigail Snyder ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Marshall Wise
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Large Set

Abstract. The world has experienced a vast increase in agricultural production since the middle of the last century. Agricultural land area has also increased at the expense of natural lands over this period, though at a lower rate than production. Future changes in land use and cover have important implications not only for agriculture but for energy, water use, and climate. However, these future changes are driven by a complex combination of uncertain socioeconomic, technological, and other factors. Estimates of future land use and land cover differ significantly across economic models of agricultural production, and efforts to evaluate these economic models over history have been limited. In this study, we use an economic model of land use, gcamland, to systematically explore a large set of model parameter perturbations and alternate methods for forming expectations about uncertain crop yields and prices. We run gcamland simulations with these parameter sets over the historical period in the United States to explore model fitness and to identify combinations that improve fitness. We find that an adaptive expectation approach minimizes the error between simulated outputs and observations, with parameters that suggest that for most crops landowners put a significant weight on previous information. Interestingly, for corn, where ethanol policies have led to a rapid growth in demand, the resulting parameters show that a larger weight is placed on more recent information. We conclude with the observation that historical modeling exercises such as this study are valuable both for understanding real world drivers of land use change and for informing modeling of future land use change.

scholarly journals Protection of Biosphere Resources in Plant Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Małgorzata E. Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The article analyzes the impact of plant production on the protection of biosphere resources. Agriculture significantly affects the quality of resources and natural environment assets and shapes their character. The quality of environmental resources determines the size and directions of agricultural production, and agriculture changes ecosystems, shapes the landscape, affects the quality and quantity of natural resources. European integration has influenced the relationship between agriculture and the environment in many directions. EU legislation and the formulation of development strategies and economic programs contribute to the greening of agricultural land use and the protection of biosphere resources. The assessment of these activities is definitely positive due to the creation of conditions for conflict-free coexistence of the protective function and the agricultural function.</p>

Climate Change and Domestic Migration in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850020
Author(s):  
Junhe YANG
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Domestic Migration ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship

This paper constructs theoretical and empirical models to investigate, under the influences of China’s hukou policy, the relationship between spikes in temperatures and temporary migrations of Chinese rural residents. Applying weather data from both the provincial and county levels, the paper first demonstrates the negative impacts of extremely high temperatures on agricultural production. Then, using a fixed effect model, and applying an individual-level panel dataset, which includes information from more than 30,000 Chinese rural residents, the paper shows that the likelihood of a rural resident’s future choice to work outside his or her village increases when crop yields decrease. This result confirms the hypothesis built in the paper’s utility maximization theoretical model of an individual rural resident. To mitigate the risks brought about by disaster-induced agricultural production decreases, the paper proposes reforms of, and improvements in existing agricultural policy insurance services.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

A Meta Analytic Review of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Augusty P. A ◽  
Jain Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Leadership Effectiveness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Relationship

The study evaluates the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness through a Systematic Review of Literature. The relationship has been evaluated in two steps. First, a Systematic review of literature was done to provide a theoretical framework to link the dimensions of Emotional Intelligence to the elements of effective leadership. Meta-analysis was then used to consolidate empirical evidence of the relationship. The studies for the meta-analysis were sourced from Pro Quest and EBSCO and the correlation coefficients of the studies were analysed. Only articles that presented the direct relationship between the variables were included in the study. The results of the analysis revealed a strong, statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and effective leadership. The findings of the study provide evidence for the proposition that Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness are interrelated.

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