scholarly journals EKSTRAKSI MINYAK KACANG TANAH (PEANUT OIL) DENGAN PELARUT ETANOL DAN N-HEKSAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Desma Rina ◽  
Syamsul Bahri ◽  
Zulnazri Zulnazri
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Solvent Density ◽  
Temperature Variable ◽  
Very High ◽  
Solvent Volume

Peanut is one of the sources of vegetable oil, the oil content is very high, less than 65% compared to copra which contains more or less 45% oil (Sari, 2006). This study aims to analyze the value of oil yield, density, viscosity, water content, and acid number of peanut oil produced from groundnut seeds. Based on the research that has been used, the variable solvent volume varies from 400 to 600 mL, the extraction temperature variable used is 75oCand 80oC, and the time variable varies from 2- 4 hours. The resulting extraction is distilled using 80oC and 85oC temperatures to separate the oil from the solvent. This research was carried out by extracting sohklets using different solvents, ethanol and n-hexane. From the results of this study, the highest percentage of oil was 58.29% with n-hexane solvent, density of 1.122 gr / mL, viscosity of 0.1029 cP, moisture content of 6%, and acidity rate of 2 mg NaOH / gr of oil . Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the volume of the solvent and the extraction time greatly affect the yield value of the oil produced, density, viscosity, moisture content, and acid number.

scholarly journals Ekstraksi Gelatin Dari Kulit Kelinci Lokal Jawa (Lepus negricollis) Dengan Variasi Jenis Pelarut Dalam Suhu Ekstraksi Serta Aplikasinya Pada Bakso Kelinci

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Putri Adek Putro ◽  
Mochammad Wachid ◽  
Noor Harini
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Collagen Tissue

Gelatin is a protein obtained from animal collagen tissue found in warts, bones, and connective tissue that is hydrolyzed acidic or basic. The purpose of this study was to determine the different effects of HCl and acetic acid and different extraction temperatures on the production of local rabbit skin gelatin so that the best treatment was obtained in producing gelatin and to determine the effectiveness of local rabbit skin gelatin in rabbit meatball processing. This research was conducted in two stages. The first stage uses a nested random design, namely the extraction of gelatin from the local rabbit skin with different types of acids (HCl 3% and acetic acid 3%) and extraction temperature (50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C). The parameters observed were yield, moisture content, ash content, protein content, viscosity, pH, and color. The best treatment of Local rabbit skin gelatin based on the SNI approach is in the P1T3 treatment, that treatment soaking with acetic acid and extraction temperature of 70 °C with a yield value of 13.11%, moisture content 5.503%, ash content 1.143%, protein content 63.49%, viscosity 4.466 cP, gel strength 210.532 grams Bloom, and pH 3,967. The second step was making meatballs by comparing the addition of gelatin from local rabbit skin extraction with the best treatment of 3%, commercial gelatin 3%, and without gelatin. The parameters observed included protein content, ash content, moisture content, fat content, texture, and organoleptic. Based on observations of the addition of gelatin in rabbit bakso, increasing the value of protein content, texture, and ash content in bakso while the water and fat content in bakso decreased with the addition of gelatin.

Estimation of Energy Saving for Melting Process on Sewage Sludge

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2011-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Murakami ◽  
K. Sasabe ◽  
K. Sasaki ◽  
T. Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Cake Moisture ◽  
Very High

The possible volume reduction and stabilization of the sewage sludge associated with the melting process are expected to be greater than with the incineration process. In addition, melted slag can be utilized. However, since the melting process requires a very high temperature to melt inorganics (ash) in the sludge, the technologies to minimize energy consumption, to establish system operation and to prolong durability of facilities should be developed. This paper discusses the auxiliary fuel consumption as follows.(1)Preparation of a model that provides the auxiliary fuel consumption of the melting system on the basis of the mass and heat balances.(2)Evaluation of the auxiliary fuel consumption in the above model using the cake moisture content, the volatile solids of the cake, the dried cake moisture content and the melting temperature as parameters.(3)Examination of the operational conditions for an energy saving melting system based on the results of (1) and (2) above.

Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction of Gypenoside III from Gynostemma pentaphyllum by Response Surface Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1866-1870
Author(s):  
Xiao Dan Tang ◽  
Hai Yang Hang ◽  
Shao Yan Wang ◽  
Jing Xiang Cong
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Ultrasonic Time

Gypenosides III is a major bioactive component which is rich in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. For better utilization of the native resource, response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of gypenosides III from G. pentaphyllum. The effects of three independent variables on the extraction yield of gypenosides III were investigated and the optimal conditions were evaluated by means of Box-Behnken design. The optimal conditions are as follows: ratio of ethanol to raw material 25, extraction temperature 58°C and ultrasonic time 25min. Under these conditions, the yield of gypenoside III is 1.216±0.05%, which is agreed closely with the predicted yield value.

scholarly journals Possibility of drying oak and ash elements with bark

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Goran Milic ◽  
Marko Veizovic ◽  
Nebojsa Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Conventional Drying ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Very High

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the possibility of drying oak and ash elements with the presence of tree bark on one side of the element (bark edge). One batch was dried per species, and the process was controlled by moisture content (MC) probes in the kiln, but also determined by the oven-dry method. Drying defects and their causes were also analyzed. The results showed that conventional drying can be used for this purpose - the duration is relatively short (up to 7 days), and the variation of the final MC is relatively small. The main problem is a relatively large number of crooked elements at the end of drying, particularly those where the share of wood in relation to the bark was small. Very high axial shrinkage coefficients of the bark (4.5 times higher than wood) are the cause of these deformations.

Toxaphene-resistant cattle ticks (Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)) occurring in Queensland

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR Norris ◽  
BF Stone
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High

Cattle ticks on four herds in southern Queensland survived dipping in a vat charged with 0.5 per cent. w/v toxaphene, which nevertheless disinfested a fifth herd. Protective periods afforded by toxaphene against attachment of resistant larvae were much shorter than against susceptible strains. Laboratory concentration-response tests on a culture of the toxaphene-resistant ticks indicated that the median lethal concentration of toxaphene for engorged females was 19 times higher than that of a reference strain, and t h at f o r the larvae was also significantly higher. The toxaphene-resistant ticks were not affected when cows were sprayed with 0.05 per cent. w/v gamma-BHC. This was consistent with an earlier history of BHC resistance in the ticks on these herds. Spraying trials indicated no marked arsenic resistance in the toxaphene-resistant ticks. The mortality of the toxaphene-resistant ticks on cattle sprayed with 0.5 per cent. W/V pp'-DDT, and the protective period against larval reinfestation, were as high as usually observed in other tick populations. A very high kill resulted from spraying the toxaphene-resistant ticks with 0.05 per cent. w/v diazinon. Subcutaneous injections of peanut oil solutions of lindane, dieldrin, and aldrin at the rate of 25 mg toxicant/kg host body weight were without effect on toxaphene-resistant ticks.

Far-Infrared Drying Effects onto the Physical Characteristics of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Habsah Alwi ◽  
Nurul Shazana Mohd Zain ◽  
Hanafiah Zainal Abidin ◽  
Jefri Jaafar ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Infrared Drying ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Very High

Drying also known as dehydration is commonly used as a unit operation in herbs manufacturing industry to preserve the food product by removing the moisture content in the herbs. Unfortunately, most drying process degraded the product quality because the feedstock is exposed to a very high temperature within a long period of time by using conventional oven Therefore this research has focused on the alternatives technique in overcoming the degradation of nutrients by applying the irradiation concepts. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of drying onto the physical properties of Aquilaria Malaccensis leaves by using fabricated far-infrared dryer. The experiments were conducted at various temperature ranging from 40, 50 and 60°C. The color difference and the moisture content of the leaves before and after drying were examined. The color measurements data shows that at 60°C, the brightness and the chroma were the highest. On the other hand, the hue angles were the highest for 60°C when the time was reached 100 minutes.

Optimization, Modeling and Antibacterial Activity of Extraction from Fructus Alpinia Oxyphylla

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 827-831
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Wen Xue Chen ◽  
Yue Ying Hu ◽  
Mei Fang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Model Simulation ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Alpinia Oxyphylla ◽  
Solvent Density ◽  
Good Agreement

Substances from Fructus Alpinia Oxyphylla (AOF) were extracted by using solvent extraction. In accordance with central composited design of response surface methodology system, the extracts were analyzed for the index which is the criteria formula of multiplying OD value by the yield. The optimum conditions obtained were extraction temperature of 60°C, liquid-solid ratio of 9mL/g, and solvent density of 80%. According to Ficks second law of diffusion, experimental parameters of K (rate constant), Ea (activation energy), Gs (effective diffusion coefficient) were gained, which represents a good agreement between the model simulation and the results of the actual process. The results can provide the valuable theory basis for the technical design and further research of extraction process. Antibacterial activities of the extraction were shown through MIC of which represents a significant effect.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP NILAI KALOR DAN KARAKTERISTIK PADA PEMBUATAN BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Erwin Junary ◽  
Julham Prasetya Pane ◽  
Netti Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Volatile Matter Content ◽  
Temperature Variable

The availability of the petroleum fuels that deprived from fossil is depleted with the increase of human population. The challenge for this fuel shortage crisis can certainly be anticipated with the manufacture of fuels deprived from renewable biomass. The study of this research is to create a biocharcoal deprived from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) with the optimum carbonization time and temperature in order to obtain a biocharcoal with the highest calorific value. Biocharcoal is a charcoal created from biomass. The study of the determination of the optimum conditions for the manufacture of biocharcoal from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) has a temperature variable of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 0C and time variable of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Sugar palm was first cut into a small pieces and dried up under the sun and then put into a furnace to carbonate it according to the predetermined variables. The product from furnace was then put inside a desicator to cool it off for 30 minutes and then analyze it with moisture content test, ash content test, volatile matter content test, carbon content test and calorific value test. The best result was obtained at the temperature of 350 0C and 120 minutes of carbonization with the calorific value of 8611,2581 cal/gr, moisture content of %, ash content of %, volatile matter content of % and carbon content of %. Based of the calorific value obtained, the result shows that sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) biocharcoal could be utilize as an renewable alternative source fuels

scholarly journals Compatibility Study of Silicone Rubber and Mineral Oil

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5899
Author(s):  
Smitha Karambar ◽  
Stefan Tenbohlen
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Compatibility Study ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Silicone Rubbers ◽  
Conductive Silicone Rubber ◽  
Solid Insulation

In this study, three types of silicone rubbers, namely, insulative silicone rubber, conductive silicone rubber and silicone rubber with conductive as well as insulative layers are investigated for their compatibility with mineral oil. Mineral oil with different silicone rubber samples is thermally aged at 130 °C for 360 h, 720 h and 1080 h and at 23 °C, 98 °C and 130 °C for 360 h. At the end of each ageing interval, mineral oil and oil-impregnated silicone rubbers are investigated for their dielectric properties. Aged mineral oil samples are investigated for their moisture content, breakdown voltage, colour number, dissolved gases and total acid number, whereas solid insulation samples are investigated for their moisture content. Additionally, pressboard samples in mineral oil and mineral oil without any solid insulation materials are also aged under the same conditions and are investigated for their dielectric properties. From the obtained results, it can be assessed that the presence of carbon particles in conductive silicone rubber negatively impacts the dielectric properties of mineral oil. Among the investigated silicone rubbers, the insulative silicone rubber exhibits good compatibility with mineral oil and a strong potential for being used in mineral oil.

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