scholarly journals FAJAR NUSANTARA MOVEMENT (GAFATAR) HERESY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN ULEMA COUNCIL (MUI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Titik Triwulan Tutik

The existence of GAFATAR as ideology in Indonesia is not new group in the social and spiritual life. This ideology occurred in all the religions of the world, even its existence has happened thousands of years ago from the time of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. GAFATAR originally introduced himself as a social organization is essentially a continuation of al-Qiyadah al-Islamiyah founded by Ahmad Mushadeq who once claimed to be a prophet and apostle. Despite claiming to be based on Islam and Pancasila as the basis of the organization, GAFATAR actually developed the doctrine that deviate from Islamic shariah. This paper is aimed to examine, first, the actual existence of the organization as the organization stated GAFATAR misguided and misleading. Second, the parameters that GAFATAR is a misguided and misleading organization. The results show, that the First, the existence GAFATAR is basically misleading organization in the practical worship that is different with generally Muslim’s worship. Second, GAFATAR categorized as a heretic movement because it has met the criteria of heresy that wasformulated by MUI.

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ian Morris,

Ian Morris a társadalmi fejlődés (social development) fogalmával az emberi közösségek képességét fejezi ki „dolgok elintézésére” a világban. Az így értelmezett társadalmi fejlettség mérhető és összehasonlító állapotokat jelent, térben és időben. Morris 4 tényező (az energiafelhasználás, a társadalmi szerveződés, az információtechnológia és a hadviselő kapacitás) kvantifikálásával megszerkesztett indexét kifejtő könyvéből az információtechnológiára vonatkozó, a többihez hasonlóan a Kelet és a Nyugat összehasonlítására épülő fejezetet fordítottuk le. Úttörő okfejtései és becslései remek kiindulópontok, hogy újraértékeljük és alaposan végiggondoljuk az információtechnológia helyét és „küldetését” a beavatkozásképesség, a cselekvési hatékonyság szempontjából. A tanulmányt Z. Karvalics László bevezetésével közöljük. --- The civilization path of information technology: measurement and classification Ian Morris defines social development as “social groups’ abilities to master their physical and intellectual environments and get things done in the world”. From this approach, “social development is - in principle - something we can measure and compare through time and space”. The Social Development Index of Morris is based on the quantifiable attributes of four pillars: energy capture, social organization, information technology, war-making capacity, comparing the numbers of the West and the East. We have translated and published the information technology chapter of his book with Laszlo Z. Karvalics’ introduction to support the re-evaluation of the role and mission of information technology throughout the ages from a special point of view: to facilitate the ability to act effectively.


Author(s):  
Gavin Williams

This chapter tracks timbre through the mediated public sphere of Milan, as it came to congeal in Italian Futurism. Long mythologized as the origin of noisy art, sound scholars have yet to consider what the movement’s timbres meant in their time. They emerged beneath the rubric of “musical sensibility”—a coinage that harked back to timbre’s eighteenth-century emergence under the sign of aesthetic attention within Western modernities. The Futurists’ activities can thus be broadly historicized; vice versa, in their own context, timbre becomes estranged as a centuries-old concern. The Futurists’ interest in timbre dates them; it also proves their undoing: they set out to colonize the world of timbre, but social and technological factors intervene. Thus, while Futurism may not yield origins for modernism, it underscores the relational nature of listening—especially listening for timbre, which, as the social organization of concentrated listening, unexpectedly manifests when aesthetic attention breaks down.


1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gonda

In a long series of important and stimulating publications Georges Dumézil has for almost half a century not only re-established a complex of theories with regard to the comparative study of ancient Indo-European mythology, but also applied a modernized comparative method. In investigating the foundations of the Indo-European socio-religious conceptions he bases his arguments and conclusions, it is true, to a certain extent on linguistic data, but these are always amplified and corroborated by a thorough consideration of the social structure, religious beliefs and ritual institutions of the ancient Indians, Romans, Germans, Celts and Greeks. Especially these last thirty-five years his work is of great originality in that he has founded and developed the theory of the trois fonctions, of the “three fundamental activities which the groups of priests, warriors and producers must fulfil and assure in order to maintain their community”. In this theory it is not the tripartite social organization of the prehistoric Indo-Europeans that is emphasized, but the principle of classification, the ideology to which, in Dumézil's opinion, this organization has given rise. Being reflected in the groupings of, and mutual relations between, the divine powers and in the very structure of Indo-European mythology and view of the world it is here again the ideological rather than the strictly sociological aspects that invite the reader's attention.


2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Guillén

In Latin America and other parts of the world, the social volatility of the past two decades has focused attention on the traditional concepts of what political structures and practices should be, highlighting what might be characterized as an empirical bursting at the seams of the classic normative frameworks. In this context it is of interest to analyze the proposal of the Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (Zapatista Army of National Liberation—EZLN) to establish a political-social organization parallel to the institutional framework recognized by Mexican law and contribute to the debate that has arisen about this kind of experiment and its transformational potential. En América Latina y en otras partes del mundo la efervescencia social de las últimas dos décadas ha interpelado las concepciones tradicionales sobre el deber ser de las estructuras y practices políticias, escenificando lo que podría caracterizarse como un desbordamiento empírico de los encuadres normativos clásicos. Frente a tal scenario interesa analizar la propuesta del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) para esta-blecer una organización politico-social paralela al andamiaje institucional reconocido por la legislación y abonar al debate que desde el pensamiento crítico se está promoviendo sobre este tipo de experiencia y su potencial transformador.


Ethnography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-310
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Scandurra

Abstract This article describes the social organization of the ‘Tranvieri’ boxing gym in Bolognina, a working class Bologna neighbourhood that has seen rapid change over the last 20 years due to the closure of factories and arrival of immigrants, especially from the Maghreb. The population of the gym has changed accordingly: currently, about two-thirds of those attending the gym as a leisure centre are children of immigrants. I have studied the practices of everyday life, the ‘techniques of the body’ of these young boxers born in Italy but without citizenship, who frequent the gym daily after vocational school or work and attending to family responsibilities. For these young men, boxing is not a solution to the frustrations inflicted by a social world they perceive as indifferent, if not hostile, towards them; rather, it offers them a chance to be represented within that world as something other than merely excluded. As scholars have shown, boxing is a male world: women are perceived as extraneous to the gym and, although two or three women practise boxing at Tranvieri, female boxing is generally met with disapproval. The tension between the boxing world and the world of women is also exhibited in the conflict between trainers, who wish to strictly control the athletes in terms of diet, schedules and sexual practices, and the boxers’ mothers, wives and girlfriends.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Karol Ryszkowski ◽  
Neuro José Zambam

The purpose of this paper is to prove the importance of legal and economic spheres for the realization of justice according to the Amartya Sen’s Theory of Justice. In the most stable democratic societies, the legal system is an indispensable reference and demonstrates the strength of the population’s political values and convictions in relation to the social organization at present and in subsequent periods. Empirical data and two laws that contribute to the social equity, participation, exercise of freedom and the overcoming of inequalities in Brazil are presented. The Amartya Sen’s contribution is relevant in the world for the recovery, updating and improvement of democracy.


Author(s):  
Василий Васильевич Ушницкий

В статье ставится проблема культа орла в мифологических представлениях саха и бурят. Целью статьи является установление связи тотема культа с социальной организацией общества, наличие единого тотема свидетельствует о племенной организации общества. Задачами статьи можно считать изучение сведений о почитании орла в якутской и бурятской мифоритуальной культуре. Актуальность статьи проявляется в том, что сведения о архаичном тотемном культе сопоставляются с современными обрядами и фольклорными текстами. Изучение тотемных верований относится к исследованию дорелигиозного состояния общества. Новизной статьи можно считать использование методов исследований зарубежных антропологов в изучении тотемных верований. Метод исследования сравнительно-сопоставительный. Материалы и результаты. Представления народа саха об орле (солнце-творец-возродитель природы, приноситель огня, орел и космическое яйцо, орел и шаманство, орел и мировое дерево относятся к общечеловеческим. Анализ верований, связанных с Орлом, уводит в Скандинавию и в религиозные культы Древнего Египта, показывая общность мифологических представлений. В религиозных верованиях саха Орел занимает ключевое положение. Культ орла связан с хангаласским родом, однако по материалам Г. Ф. Миллера его считали своим покровителем хоринцы и батулинцы. Более того, в фольклорных текстах, сопоставляются термины хоро и Хотой — орел. В бурятском фольклоре, Орел является хозяином Ольхона и тотемной птицей племени эхиритов Верхней Лены, в старину он был почитаемым птицей у хоринцев. Тотемные верования относятся к древнейшим культам, они характерны для обществ, не приступивших к созданию собственной государственности, первобытно-родовой общины. Первобытные рода верили в свое происхождение от почитаемой птицы, олицетворяли себя с ним. Выводы. Общность культа орла у бурят и саха показывает общность предков, происходящих от единого хори-батулинского племени. Орел как тотемное животное занимал ключевое положение в якутском и бурятском шаманизме, что свидетельствует о архаичности их религиозных верований. The article studies the eagle totem in Yakut and Buryat mythology. The aim of the article is to establish the connection of the totem cult with the social organization of society, the presence of a single totem indicates the tribal organization of society. The objectives of the article can be considered the study of information about the veneration of the eagle in the Yakut and Buryat mythological culture. The relevance of the article is shown in the fact that the information about the archaic totemic cult is compared with modern rites and folklore texts. The study of totemic beliefs refers to the study of the pre-religious state of society. The novelty of the article is the use of research methods of foreign anthropologists in the study of the totemic beliefs of the Sakha. The research method is comparative. The materials and results. The ideas of the Sakha people about the eagle (the sun — the creator — the regenerator of nature, the bringer of fire, the eagle and the cosmic egg, the eagle and shamanism, the eagle and the world tree) are universal. Mythological ideas associated with the Eagle and the Sun is universal and goes back to the deepest antiquity. Interesting parallels with the Yakut and Buryat ideas are found in the mythology of the Scandinavia peoples and in the religious cults of ancient Egypt. It is showing the commonality of mythological ideas. In the Sakha religious beliefs, the Eagle occupies a key position. The cult of the eagle is associated with the Khangalas family, but according to the materials of G. F. Miller, it was considered its patron by the Khorins and Batulians. Moreover, in folklore texts, the terms horo and Hotoi — eagle are compared. In Buryat folklore the Eagle is the owner of the Olkhon and the totem bird of the Ekhirit tribe of the Upper Lena, in the old days it was a revered bird among the Khorin people. Totem beliefs belong to the oldest cults. They are characteristic of societies that have not begun to create their own state-hood, a primitive tribal community. Primitive families believed in their origin from the revered bird and personified themselves with it.


1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.


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