scholarly journals AKTIVITAS AKTINOMISETES DARI BANGKA-BELITUNG KOLEKSI BIDANG MIKROBIOLOGI, PUSLIT BIOLOGI- LIPI DALAM MEMPRODUKSI ENZIM KITINASE

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Yati Sudaryati Soeka ◽  
Evi Triana ◽  
Ninu Setianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Soluble Substrate

The aim of the research was to know the capability of actinomycetes isolate from Bangka Belitung, which stored at Microbiology-LIPI Culture Collection, in producing chitinase enzyme. This isolate which could produce chitinolitic enzyme, signed by clear zone at medium contain 1% chitine. The chitinase activity of the isolate which incubated for 1-7 days in the room temperature was analyzed by spectrophotometer in λ 584 nm. The result of this experiment was highest chitinase activities with incubated for 3 days, were 1.66 . 10-2 U/ml. Maximum chitinase activities was found at 1% starch soluble substrate 2.83 . 10-2, pH 8.0 and at 50°C condition were 9.3 . 10-2 and 12.98 .10-2 U/ml respectively.Key words : chitinase, clear zone, spectrophotometer

scholarly journals Role of Synadenium grantii latex proteases in nematicidal activity on Meloidogyne incognita and Panagrellus redivivus

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Gomes ◽  
F. E. F. Soares ◽  
D. C. Souza ◽  
L. T. Lima ◽  
B. L. Sufiate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Panagrellus Redivivus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plant Latex

Abstract Synadenium grantii is a Euphorbiaceae plant commonly found in Brazil, known as Janaúba or Leitosinha, whose latex is traditionally used for several purposes. However, it is not known whether the nematicidal action of this plant latex occurs due to the action of proteases. The present work aims to evaluate the nematicidal activity of proteases from Synadenium grantii latex on Meloidogyne incognita and Panagrellus redivivus. S. grantii latex used in the present study was collected from specimens found in Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The drained latex was collected in Eppendorf microtubes and immediately stored on ice at 4 °C. After this extraction, the latex was frozen (-20 °C) during 2 hours, thawed at room temperature (25 °C) and centrifuged at 10,000 g at 4 °C for 30 minutes to remove larger particles and concentrate the proteases. After the centrifugation, assays of enzymatic activity were performed in order to know in which of the phases the enzymes were found. S. grantii latex presented protease, but no chitinase activity. The results show that there was a significant difference (p <0.01) between the treated and control groups, with 100% mortality of Meloidogyne incognita and 72% average mortality of Panagrellus redivivus. In addition, it was demonstrated that the nematicidal action occurred due to the action of the proteases, since the control was only differentiated from the treatment by the presence of the enzymes with biological activity.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Proses Freeze-Drying dan Penyimpanan pada Suhu Kamar terhadap Viabilitas dan Patogenisitas Plasma Nutfah Mikroba Pasteurella Multocida

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Siti Chotiah
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Conservation Method ◽  
Preservation Medium

<p>The effect of freeze-drying process and preserving in a vacuum at room temperature against viability and pathogenicity of veterinary microbe germ plasma of Pasteuerella multocida BCC 2331 was investigated at Balitvet. The aim of this study was to find out the most effective and efficient conservation method. As much as 5,2 x 1011 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml of bacteria suspension in 7.5% glucose serum as the preservation medium being pathogenic in mice with LD50 of 9,8 CFU/ml was freeze dried then stored at room temperature (&amp;plusmn;27oC) until the study was completed. Viability and pathogenicity test were done immediately after the process, 1 and 2 months after storage. The results showed that there were viability decreases amounted 1,3 x 101 CFU/ml, 102 CFU/ml and 8,2 x l02 CFU/m1 due to the effects of the process, one month and two-month storage respectively. The decreases of pathogenicity on mice were shown by the increases of LD50 amounting log 1, log 2, and log 3 a day after the process, one month and two-month storage respectively.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pengaruh proses kering beku dan penyimpanan hasil proses pada suhu kamar 27oC terhadap viabilitas dan patogenisitas plasma nutfah mikroba veteriner telah dipelajari di Balitvet untuk menentukan cara pelestarian yang efektif dan efisien. Dalam kegiatan ini dipakai bakteri Pasteurella multocida koleksi Balitvet Culture Collection nomor koleksi B2331. Suspensi bakteri sebanyak 5,2 x l011 coloni forming unit (CFU)/ml dalam medium preservan 7,5% glukosa, serum dan bersifat patogen pada mencit dengan LD50 9,8 CFU/ml diproses kering beku, kemudian disimpan pada suhu kamar (+27oC) sampai penelitian selesai. Uji viabilitas dan patogenisitas dilakukan langsung setelah proses dan pada 1 serta 2 bulan setelah penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penurunan viabilitas sebanyak 1,3 x 101 CFU, dan 8,2 x 102 CFU/ml masingmasing karena pengaruh proses, pengaruh penyimpanan selama 1 dan 2 bulan. Patogenisitas pada mencit menurun yang ditandai oleh adanya peningkatan LD50 sebanyak log 1, log 2, dan log 3 masing-masing 1 hari setelah proses, 1 dan 2 bulan setelah penyimpanan.</p>

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Proteolitik pada Bekasam

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prima Retno Wikandari ◽  
Suparmo Suparmo ◽  
Yustinus Marsono ◽  
Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Fermented Fish ◽  
Lactobacillus Pentosus ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria

Bekasam is a traditional fermented fish from Indonesia. It is made from fish  in which  the gills and  gut  had been  discarded,  washed,  and  mixed with salt, after two days, it was covered  with  rice  and  salt,  and then  fermented  for  5-7 days  at room  temperature.  Bekasam  is perceived to have antihypertensive activity, which is though to be the activity of bioactive peptides, the product of protein degradation  during  the bekasam fermentation. The research was aim to isolate the indigenous lactic  acid  bacteria  that  produce strong  proteolytic  capabilities.  The lactic  acid bacteria were collected from 3  kinds of bekasam (tilapia, milkfish, and tuna bekasam). Isolation  of the lactic acid bacteria was done         on agar medium containing MRS + CaCO3, and  the screening of the proteolytic bacteria  was done by growing the isolated  culture on  skim agar.   The colonies  that produce clear zone  were identified  as proteolytic  lactic acid  bacteria. Some of 180  isolated strains of acid  producing bacteria   that produce clear zone on MRS agar were found 150 strains of  lactic acid  bacteria, and  84  strains  showed  their  proteolytic activity.  The later  were identified morphologically and biochemical as Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Leuconostoc genera.  Selection  was further conducted based on the height of the proteolytic and homofermentative fermentation activities. Upon species identification using API CH 50 kit,  the  selected strains belong to species of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Pediococcus pentosaseus.

scholarly journals Powerful Lipolytic Activity of Fungi Isolated from Coconut and Avocado Flesh on Different pH and Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (SpecialIssue) ◽  
pp. 365-369
Author(s):  
Prapti Sedijani ◽  
Dewa Ayu Citra Rasmi ◽  
Kusmiyati Kusmiyati ◽  
Riska Agustina Anggriani
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Made In

Lipase is widely applied in various fields of industries elevating its economic value. The demand for lipase keeps increasing open up working opportunities. Isolates showing lipolytic activity obtained previously are tested for their activity on different pH mediums: 7, 8, 9, and 10; and at different temperatures. The fungi are grown on SDA medium supplemented with Olive Oil, emulsifier, Tween 80, and Rhodamine B. The experiment was made in 3 replicates and is incubated at room temperature of 30oC. Lipase activity was calculated based on the clear zone around colonies observed on day 2 and day 3 after inoculation. The result shows that those isolates are highly active on various pH at RT, and the activity slightly reduces at 30oC. This result suggests that a wide range of their applications are at room temperature when pH is a limiting factor for the applications

scholarly journals Isolasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Kitinase Isolat Bakteri Dari Kawasan Geotermal Dieng

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Hidayatun Nafisah ◽  
Sri Pujiyanto ◽  
Budi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Media Production ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Sugar Reduction

Chitinase (EC.3.2.2.14) is an enzyme which can degradatechitin became N-acetilglucosamin. Chitinase has many benefits made the demand of it increases. High demands spur its availability in large quantities, cheap, fast production, resistant to any physical factor and chemical environment. Rapid and resistant enzyme production to environment factor can be obtained using chitinolitic bacteria of Geothermal Dieng. The utilization of chitin as bacterial growth substrate from waste of shell crab can be done considering high prices of commercial chitin on the market. The purpose of the research is to get the isolate of termoleranchitinolitic of watery mud in Geothermal Dieng and to know the character of the chosen isolate producing highest chinitase activity type of chitin source treatment and pH of media production. The research is done by growing the chitinolitic in the room temperature for 14 days. The experimental design used in this study is a complete randomized design of factorial pattern (two factors). The first factor is the type of chitin source that includes commercial chitin and chitin crab kits. The second factor is the pH of liquid chitin media for the production of enzymes, ie pH 6, 7 and 8.Chitinase activity is tested by measuring the result of sugar reduction. Obtained data is analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Result of isolation and selection is obtained one potential isolate, KSR 121. The isolate produce 1,4 cm of chitinolitic index after 96 hour incubation. Result of statistical test show both citin source type, pH of media production treatment and interaction were not significantly different (P˃0,05). KSR 121 isolate experience the highest growth of crab chitin treatment pH 8 (K2P3) with 6 hour incubation, whereas highest kinitase activity happen on crab chitin treatment pH 7 (K2P2) with 24 incubation, in amount of 0,125 (U/mL). Key words: N-acetil glucosamin, chtinase activity, chitinase, chitin, chitinolitic bacteria, isolation

A temperature-controlled reversible ionic liquid - water two phase - single phase protocol for hydrogenation catalysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Dyson ◽  
David J Ellis ◽  
Thomas Welton
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Soluble Substrate

An ionic liquid – water system that undergoes a reversible two phase – single phase transformation dependent upon temperature has been used as a novel medium for the transition-metal-catalyzed hydrogenation of a water soluble substrate. At room temperature, the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidizolium tetrafluoroborate, containing [Rh(η4-C7H8)(PPh3)2][BF4] catalyst, forms a separate layer to water containing 2-butyne-1,4-diol. In a stirred autoclave the mixture was pressurized with hydrogen to 60 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) and heated to 80°C giving a homogeneous single phase solution. On cooling to room temperature, two phases reform, with the ionic liquid phase containing the catalyst and the aqueous phase containing a mixture of 2-butene-1,4-diol and butane-1,4-diol products that can be simply removed without catalyst contamination.Key words: ionic liquids, biphasic catalysis, hydrogenation, rhodium.

scholarly journals Isolation and Screening the Symbiont Bacteria of the Sponge Dragmacidon sp from Manado Bay, North Sulawesi that Producing Chitinase and Protease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Sindiy Cloudya Sembiring ◽  
Veibe Warouw ◽  
Stenly Wullur ◽  
Robert A Bara ◽  
Meiske S. Salaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Sponge Associated Bacteria

Enzymes are important in the technology industry and hydrolytic enzymes, such as chitinase and protease are commonly used for it. Various types of microorganisms such as bacteria can produce hydrolytic enzymes.  Sponge-associated bacteria are excellent sources of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes because the surface and internal spaces of sponges are richer in nutrients. The aim of this study was to isolate and screen the bacteria of the sponge Dragmacidon sp symbiotic from Manado Bay, North Sulawesi that producing chitinase and protease   Symbiont bacteria were grown in Zobell 1226 E medium with a dilution of 10-4. Bacterial isolation was carried out based on the morphological characteristics of the colony. Chitinase and protease activity was carried out by growing each bacterial isolate in chitin and protein media at 36oC for 48 hours. Chitinase and protease activities were indicated by the formation of a clear zone around the bacterial colony, however, the clear zone for chitinase activity was observed after pouring the Lugol's solution. Based on this study, 8 isolates bacteria of the symbiotic spongy Dragmacidon sp from Manado Bay, North Sulawesi were isolated based on morphological characteristics. The colony of the bacteria is generally white with an irregular shape. Four isolates, namely 1, 2, 3, and 8 had chitinase activity with chitinolytic indexes were 1.7; 1.5; 1.4, and 1.3, respectively. Six isolates, namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 had protease activity with proteolytic indexes were 1.4; 1.8; 3.1; 1.3; 1.8; and 2.5, respectively.Keywords: Bacteria; Chitinolytic; Proteolytic; Symbiont; SpongeAbstrakEnzim menempati posisi penting dalam bidang teknologi dan industri. Enzim yang banyak digunakan dalam bidang industri adalah enzim hidrolase. Enzim dapat diisolasi dari berbagai jenis mikroorganisme seperti bakteri. Bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons merupakan sumber enzim hidrolitik ekstraseluler yang sangat baik karena permukaan dan ruang internal spons lebih kaya nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan menguji aktivitas kitinase dan protease bakteri simbion spons Dragmacidon sp dari Teluk Manado. Bakteri simbion spons ditumbuhkan dalam media Zobell 1226 E pada pengenceran 10-4. Isolasi bakteri dilaksanakan berdasakan karakteristik morfologi. Aktivitas kitinase dan protease dilaksanakan dengan menumbuhkan setiap isolat bakteri dalam media kitin dan protein pada suhu 36oC selama 48 jam. Aktivitas kitinase dan protease ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona bening di sekitar koloni bakteri yang mana untuk kitinase diamati setelah diberi larutan lugol. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, 8 isolat bakeri simbion spon Dragmacidon sp dari Teluk Manado, Sulawesi Utara berhasil diisolasi berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi. Isolat bakteri umumnya berwarna putih dengan bentuk ireguller. Empat isolat yakni 1, 2, 3, dan 8 memiliki aktivitas kitinase dan enam isolat yakni 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 yang memiliki aktivitas protease. Indeks kitinolitik dari masing-masing keempat isolat bakteri secara berturut turut adalah 1,7; 1,5; 1,4; dan 1,3 dengan kategori bernilai rendah dan indeks proteolitik adalah 1,4; 1,8; 3,1; 1,3; 1,8; dan 2,5 dengan kategori bernilai rendah sampai tinggi.Kata kunci: Bakteri; Kitinolitik; Proteolitik; Simbion; Spons

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

Hepatocyte Alterations in Guinea Pigs FED Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Dibenzodioxins (PCDD), AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDF)

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
J. N. Turner ◽  
D. N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cooling Fluid

A fire involving an electric service transformer and its cooling fluid, a mixture of PCBs and chlorinated benzenes, contaminated an office building with a fine soot. Chemical analysis showed PCDDs and PCDFs including the highly toxic tetra isomers. Guinea pigs were chosen as an experimental animal to test the soot's toxicity because of their sensitivity to these compounds, and the liver was examined because it is a target organ. The soot was suspended in 0.75% methyl cellulose and administered in a single dose by gavage at levels of 1,10,100, and 500mgm soot/kgm body weight. Each dose group was composed of 6 males and 6 females. Control groups included 12 (6 male, 6 female) animals fed activated carbon in methyl cellulose, 6 males fed methyl cellulose, and 16 males and 10 females untreated. The guinea pigs were sacrificed at 42 days by suffocation in CO2. Liver samples were immediately immersed and minced in 2% gluteraldehyde in cacadylate buffer at pH 7.4 and 4°C. After overnight fixation, samples were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in cacodylate for 1 hr at room temperature, embedded in epon, sectioned and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Domain Formation in Synthetic Quartz

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Comer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Domain Formation ◽  
Synthetic Quartz ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Diffraction Mode ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Kikuchi Lines ◽  
Straight Lines

Domains visible by transmission electron microscopy, believed to be Dauphiné inversion twins, were found in some specimens of synthetic quartz heated to 680°C and cooled to room temperature. With the electron beam close to parallel to the [0001] direction the domain boundaries appeared as straight lines normal to <100> and <410> or <510> directions. In the selected area diffraction mode, a shift of the Kikuchi lines was observed when the electron beam was made to traverse the specimen across a boundary. This shift indicates a change in orientation which accounts for the visibility of the domain by diffraction contrast when the specimen is tilted. Upon exposure to a 100 KV electron beam with a flux of 5x 1018 electrons/cm2sec the boundaries are rapidly decorated by radiation damage centers appearing as black spots. Similar crystallographio boundaries were sometimes found in unannealed (0001) quartz damaged by electrons.

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